| State | Testing program | Reading | Mathematics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correlation coefficient | Standard error | Correlation coefficient | Standard error | |||
| Alabama | ACT | 0.72 | 0.066 | 0.78 | 0.034 | |
| Alaska | 0.79 | 0.046 | 0.76 | 0.040 | ||
| Arizona | 0.83 | 0.030 | 0.86 | 0.025 | ||
| Arkansas | PARCC | 0.52 | 0.078 | 0.61 | 0.057 | |
| California | SBAC | 0.84 | 0.033 | 0.87 | 0.029 | |
| Colorado | PARCC | 0.85 | 0.032 | 0.85 | 0.031 | |
| Connecticut | SBAC | 0.86 | 0.024 | 0.86 | 0.025 | |
| Delaware | SBAC | 0.77 | 0.032 | 0.78 | 0.038 | |
| District of Columbia | PARCC | 0.93 | 0.016 | 0.87 | 0.025 | |
| Florida | 0.79 | 0.046 | 0.77 | 0.041 | ||
| Georgia | 0.86 | 0.029 | 0.86 | 0.031 | ||
| Hawaii | SBAC | 0.78 | 0.034 | 0.77 | 0.032 | |
| Idaho | SBAC | 0.63 | 0.056 | 0.75 | 0.037 | |
| Illinois | PARCC | 0.79 | 0.036 | 0.83 | 0.032 | |
| Indiana | 0.72 | 0.054 | 0.70 | 0.073 | ||
| Iowa | 0.72 | 0.046 | 0.80 | 0.038 | ||
| Kansas | 0.79 | 0.036 | 0.75 | 0.038 | ||
| Kentucky | 0.64 | 0.060 | 0.70 | 0.051 | ||
| Louisiana | PARCC | 0.75 | 0.044 | 0.75 | 0.046 | |
| Maine | SBAC | 0.59 | 0.055 | 0.65 | 0.049 | |
| Maryland | PARCC | 0.83 | 0.035 | 0.81 | 0.035 | |
| Massachusetts | PARCC | – | † | – | † | |
| Michigan | SBAC | 0.72 | 0.045 | 0.82 | 0.036 | |
| Minnesota | 0.79 | 0.037 | 0.82 | 0.033 | ||
| Mississippi | PARCC | 0.67 | 0.056 | 0.76 | 0.043 | |
| Missouri | SBAC | 0.70 | 0.047 | 0.75 | 0.041 | |
| Montana | SBAC | – | † | – | † | |
| Nebraska | 0.64 | 0.050 | 0.73 | 0.043 | ||
| Nevada | SBAC | – | † | – | † | |
| New Hampshire | SBAC | 0.68 | 0.051 | 0.67 | 0.042 | |
| New Jersey | PARCC | 0.83 | 0.036 | 0.82 | 0.027 | |
| New Mexico | PARCC | 0.61 | 0.057 | 0.67 | 0.050 | |
| New York | 0.79 | 0.036 | 0.82 | 0.034 | ||
| North Carolina | 0.81 | 0.032 | 0.83 | 0.032 | ||
| North Dakota | SBAC | – | † | – | † | |
| Ohio | PARCC | 0.71 | 0.053 | 0.83 | 0.035 | |
| Oklahoma | 0.66 | 0.057 | 0.68 | 0.048 | ||
| Oregon | SBAC | 0.77 | 0.044 | 0.76 | 0.041 | |
| Pennsylvania | 0.84 | 0.029 | 0.87 | 0.023 | ||
| Rhode Island | PARCC | 0.74 | 0.038 | 0.79 | 0.038 | |
| South Carolina | ACT | 0.82 | 0.044 | 0.82 | 0.032 | |
| South Dakota | SBAC | 0.70 | 0.040 | 0.73 | 0.039 | |
| Tennessee | 0.78 | 0.066 | 0.68 | 0.068 | ||
| Texas | 0.75 | 0.044 | 0.75 | 0.050 | ||
| Utah | 0.70 | 0.057 | 0.72 | 0.049 | ||
| Vermont | SBAC | 0.55 | 0.051 | 0.62 | 0.043 | |
| Virginia | 0.75 | 0.065 | 0.62 | 0.065 | ||
| Washington | SBAC | 0.79 | 0.040 | 0.79 | 0.044 | |
| West Virginia | SBAC | 0.41 | 0.068 | 0.67 | 0.057 | |
| Wisconsin | SBAC | 0.73 | 0.041 | 0.80 | 0.036 | |
| Wyoming | 0.57 | 0.063 | 0.60 | 0.051 | ||
| ACT | 0.73 | 0.044 | 0.79 | 0.024 | ||
| PARCC | 0.81 | 0.015 | 0.81 | 0.015 | ||
| SBAC | 0.81 | 0.019 | 0.83 | 0.015 | ||
| – Not available. Massachusetts, Montana, Nevada, and North Dakota were not included in the study due to data not being available. | ||||||
| † Not applicable. | ||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2015 Reading and Mathematics Assessments. | ||||||