Average Scores

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Table R7: Average scores of 15-year-old students on the PISA reading literacy scale, by national quarters of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) and education system: 2015
Education system	National quarters of the ESCS index												All students
	Bottom quarter			Second quarter			Third quarter			Top quarter
	Average	s.e		Average	s.e		Average	s.e		Average	s.e		Average	s.e
OECD average	452	0.7		481	0.7		505	0.7		538	0.7		493	0.5
Albania	—	†		—	†		—	†		—	†		405	4.1
Algeria	344	3.7		344	3.3		350	3.6		363	6.1		350	3.0
Australia	462	3.0		490	2.6		518	2.6		551	2.8		503	1.7
Austria	439	4.4		468	4.6		500	3.5		537	4.3		485	2.8
B-S-J-G (China)	430	6.5		481	6.2		507	5.6		559	9.0		494	5.1
Belgium	449	4.0		480	3.1		518	3.4		554	3.2		499	2.4
Brazil	375	3.1		399	3.3		408	3.5		454	5.2		407	2.8
Buenos Aires (Argentina)	416	8.2		469	9.2		500	11.4		518	9.8		475	7.2
Bulgaria	372	7.3		412	6.2		454	6.4		496	4.8		432	5.0
Canada	491	3.2		519	2.7		541	3.1		560	3.2		527	2.3
Chile	416	4.0		455	4.3		462	4.0		505	3.8		459	2.6
Chinese Taipei	456	3.9		485	2.8		507	3.9		540	4.5		497	2.5
Colombia	389	4.0		405	4.1		431	4.2		475	4.9		425	2.9
Costa Rica	393	3.4		410	3.1		433	4.1		475	4.2		427	2.6
Croatia	455	3.9		471	3.6		489	3.3		534	4.5		487	2.7
Cyprus	410	3.1		432	3.1		451	3.3		481	3.3		443	1.7
Czech Republic	435	4.9		474	3.5		503	3.5		545	3.2		487	2.6
Denmark	467	2.8		488	3.5		510	4.0		540	3.7		500	2.5
Dominican Republic	329	3.6		343	3.4		356	4.6		404	6.2		358	3.1
Estonia	490	3.5		509	3.4		526	3.3		555	3.4		519	2.2
Finland	491	3.9		513	3.5		537	3.7		566	3.6		526	2.5
France	443	3.9		482	3.8		520	4.1		565	3.7		499	2.5
Georgia	358	3.9		382	4.5		418	4.7		449	4.8		401	3.0
Germany	472	4.7		506	3.6		527	3.9		564	4.5		509	3.0
Greece	425	6.6		453	5.5		474	5.8		518	4.2		467	4.3
Hong Kong (China)	507	3.8		521	3.6		528	3.8		553	4.4		527	2.7
Hungary	411	4.5		458	4.1		479	4.6		530	3.6		470	2.7
Iceland	454	3.7		476	3.8		493	4.3		508	3.8		482	2.0
Indonesia	369	4.7		386	3.6		399	3.6		436	4.7		397	2.9
Ireland	483	3.7		510	3.9		531	3.0		561	3.4		521	2.5
Israel	428	5.7		470	5.6		507	5.4		520	4.6		479	3.8
Italy	442	4.2		482	3.2		497	3.8		524	4.2		485	2.7
Japan	477	4.2		510	4.0		527	4.0		554	3.7		516	3.2
Jordan	375	4.9		406	3.7		419	3.6		438	3.9		408	2.9
Korea, Republic of	481	4.8		504	4.3		530	4.5		557	5.1		517	3.5
Kosovo	330	2.9		343	3.1		348	2.7		371	3.6		347	1.6
Latvia	456	3.3		475	3.1		499	3.8		523	3.0		488	1.8
Lebanon	303	4.9		332	4.9		350	6.5		404	9.0		347	4.4
Lithuania	433	3.3		455	3.4		487	4.5		517	4.5		472	2.7
Luxembourg	423	3.2		464	3.4		495	3.1		548	2.9		481	1.4
Macau (China)	492	2.8		506	2.1		511	2.3		526	2.9		509	1.3
Macedonia, Republic of	321	3.3		348	3.4		360	3.0		381	3.2		352	1.4
Malta	398	3.7		433	4.3		457	3.6		503	3.5		447	1.8
Mexico	389	3.7		416	3.3		432	3.9		457	3.8		423	2.6
Moldova, Republic of	373	3.4		411	4.0		421	3.7		462	5.4		416	2.5
Montenegro, Republic of	400	2.8		419	2.9		431	2.6		462	3.3		427	1.6
Netherlands	463	4.3		488	4.1		512	3.6		552	3.9		503	2.4
New Zealand	463	4.8		502	4.4		529	3.9		557	4.0		509	2.4
Norway	482	3.7		506	3.7		529	3.8		544	4.0		513	2.5
Peru	336	2.7		387	4.3		412	4.1		455	5.3		398	2.9
Poland	467	3.6		494	3.6		514	4.2		551	3.6		506	2.5
Portugal	458	4.0		486	3.9		502	4.7		549	3.7		498	2.7
Qatar	362	2.2		403	2.6		426	2.4		423	2.4		402	1.0
Romania	390	5.1		420	5.0		441	4.8		483	7.2		434	4.1
Russian Federation	465	4.2		488	4.6		508	4.1		525	3.5		495	3.1
Singapore	480	3.2		523	2.6		551	2.9		588	3.7		535	1.6
Slovak Republic	401	5.2		445	3.5		462	3.6		507	4.8		453	2.8
Slovenia	470	3.4		490	3.0		518	3.1		547	2.6		505	1.5
Spain	458	3.4		484	3.0		505	3.8		538	3.5		496	2.4
Sweden	459	3.6		488	4.5		520	4.3		545	5.2		500	3.5
Switzerland	447	3.8		484	3.8		499	4.4		543	4.3		492	3.0
Thailand	390	3.1		393	3.6		407	4.6		449	7.7		409	3.3
Trinidad and Tobago	395	3.1		416	3.8		437	4.1		474	3.3		427	1.5
Tunisia	334	4.6		351	4.0		362	4.3		397	5.0		361	3.1
Turkey	403	5.2		418	4.4		429	4.6		464	7.5		428	4.0
United Arab Emirates	396	3.5		427	4.4		455	3.7		459	3.7		434	2.9
United Kingdom	466	3.0		479	4.2		512	4.2		543	4.2		498	2.8
United States	462	5.0		482	4.3		508	5.7		540	4.4		497	3.4
Uruguay	395	3.4		419	3.7		441	4.0		493	4.9		437	2.5
Vietnam	463	4.6		472	3.6		488	5.0		524	6.7		487	3.7
U.S. states and territories
Massachusetts	486	7.7		515	6.2		547	4.7		566	7.7		527	6.0
North Carolina	472	7.3		486	6.9		503	6.2		540	7.2		500	5.4
Puerto Rico	371	8.3		386	6.7		418	7.3		467	9.5		410	7.1

― Not available. † Not applicable. NOTE: The PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) was created using student reports on parental occupation, the highest level of parental education, and an index of home possessions related to family wealth, home educational resources and possessions related to “classical” culture in the family home. The home possessions relating to "classical" culture in the family home included possessions such as works of classical literature, books of poetry, and works of art (e.g., paintings). The OECD average is the average of the national averages of the OECD member countries, with each country weighted equally. Average scores by quartile are calculated based on the distribution of student scores within each education system. Standard error is noted by s.e. Italics indicate non-OECD countries and education systems. B-S-J-G (China) refers to the four PISA participating China provinces: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong. Results for Massachusetts and North Carolina are for public school students only. Although Argentina, Malaysia, and Kazakhstan participated in PISA 2015, technical problems with their samples prevent results from being discussed in this report. SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2015.