Male-female Score Gap

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Figure R3a. Difference in average scores of 15-year-old female and male students on the PISA reading literacy scale, by education system: 2015

Male-female difference in average reading literacy scores is statistically significant at the .05 level of significance.
Male-female difference in average reading literacy scores is not measurably different.
# Rounds to zero.
NOTE: Education systems are ordered by absolute male-female difference in 2015 average scores. Differences were computed using unrounded numbers. Scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000.  The OECD average is the average of the national average differences of the OECD member countries, with each country weighted equally. Italics indicate non-OECD countries and education systems. B-S-J-G (China) refers to the four PISA participating China provinces: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong. Results for Massachusetts and North Carolina are for public school students only.  Although Argentina, Malaysia, and Kazakhstan participated in PISA 2015, technical problems with their samples prevent results from being discussed in this report.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2015.

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Table R3b. Difference in average scores of 15-year-old female and male students on the PISA reading literacy scale, by education system: 2015
Education system	Male-female difference		s.e.
OECD average	-27	*	0.6
Peru	-8	*	3.9
Chile	-12	*	3.6
Ireland	-12	*	3.4
Japan	-13	*	4.3
Lebanon	-14	*	4.8
Costa Rica	-15	*	2.8
Buenos Aires (Argentina)	-15	*	7.2
Colombia	-16	*	3.4
Mexico	-16	*	2.5
Belgium	-16	*	3.7
Italy	-16	*	4.7
B-S-J-G (China)	-16	*	3.4
Portugal	-17	*	2.5
Romania	-18	*	3.7
United States	-20	*	3.6
Austria	-20	*	5.6
Singapore	-20	*	2.6
Spain	-20	*	3.5
Germany	-21	*	3.3
Luxembourg	-21	*	2.8
United Kingdom	-22	*	3.3
Denmark	-22	*	3.7
Israel	-23	*	6.5
Brazil	-23	*	2.5
Uruguay	-23	*	3.3
Indonesia	-23	*	3.4
Netherlands	-24	*	3.4
Hungary	-25	*	4.4
Tunisia	-25	*	3.3
Vietnam	-25	*	2.8
Chinese Taipei	-25	*	5.1
Switzerland	-25	*	3.3
Czech Republic	-26	*	4.2
Russian Federation	-26	*	3.3
Canada	-26	*	2.1
Croatia	-26	*	3.5
Turkey	-28	*	4.9
Estonia	-28	*	2.9
Hong Kong (China)	-28	*	4.6
France	-29	*	4.4
Poland	-29	*	2.9
Dominican Republic	-31	*	2.9
Thailand	-31	*	3.6
Algeria	-31	*	2.9
Macau (China)	-32	*	2.4
Australia	-32	*	3.0
New Zealand	-32	*	4.1
Montenegro, Republic of	-34	*	3.0
Slovak Republic	-36	*	4.0
Kosovo	-36	*	2.7
Greece	-37	*	4.5
Lithuania	-39	*	3.1
Sweden	-39	*	3.2
Norway	-40	*	3.2
Korea, Republic of	-41	*	5.4
Iceland	-42	*	3.7
Latvia	-42	*	3.1
Malta	-42	*	3.4
Slovenia	-43	*	3.3
Macedonia, Republic of	-46	*	3.1
Finland	-47	*	2.9
Bulgaria	-47	*	4.9
United Arab Emirates	-50	*	5.0
Trinidad and Tobago	-51	*	3.1
Moldova, Republic of	-52	*	3.1
Cyprus	-52	*	2.4
Qatar	-53	*	1.9
Georgia	-58	*	4.2
Albania	-59	*	3.9
Jordan	-72	*	5.4
U.S. states and territories
Massachusetts	-18	*	5.7
North Carolina	-25	*	4.9
Puerto Rico	-30	*	6.3

* p<.05. Difference between male and female scores is significantly different at the .05 level of statistical significance. NOTE: Education systems are ordered by absolute male-female difference in 2015 average score. Differences were computed using unrounded numbers. Scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000. The OECD average is the average of the national average differences of the OECD member countries, with each country weighted equally. Standard error is noted by s.e. Italics indicate non-OECD countries and education systems. B-S-J-G (China) refers to the four PISA participating China provinces: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong. Results for Massachusetts and North Carolina are for public school students only. Although Argentina, Malaysia, and Kazakhstan participated in PISA 2015, technical problems with their samples prevent results from being discussed in this report. SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2015.