Program for International Student Assessment (PISA): 2012 Results -Mathematics Literacy: Proficiency Levels

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Mathematics Literacy: Proficiency Levels

Process Subscales

Table M3. Percentage distribution of 15-year-old students on PISA mathematics literacy process subscales, by proficiency level and education system: 2012–Continued (NOTE: this is a 3-part table. See Part 1 \| Part 2)
Education system	Interpreting
	Below level 1		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 4			Level 5			Level 6
	Percent	*s.e.*	Percent	*s.e.*	Percent	*s.e.*	Percent	*s.e.*	Percent		*s.e.*	Percent		*s.e.*	Percent		*s.e.*
OECD average	8.8	0.12	14.3	0.13	21.1	0.15	22.9	0.15	18.5		0.14	10.2		0.11	4.2		0.08
Albania	39.5	1.18	26.6	1.33	19.3	1.05	10.4	0.95	3.3		0.49	0.7		0.18	‡		†
Argentina	35.3	2.02	28.9	1.37	22.4	1.29	10.2	0.92	2.6		0.44	0.5	!	0.17	‡		†
Australia	6.0	0.38	11.8	0.49	20.2	0.68	23.5	0.62	20.4		0.43	11.9		0.39	6.3		0.40
Austria	8.3	0.76	13.0	0.81	19.1	0.79	20.6	0.80	20.0		0.82	12.9		0.75	6.0		0.62
Belgium	7.6	0.55	12.4	0.59	18.4	0.58	21.4	0.65	20.4		0.65	13.2		0.49	6.6		0.41
Brazil	30.0	0.95	31.0	0.74	23.3	0.77	11.3	0.56	3.6		0.44	0.7		0.16	0.1	!	0.03
Bulgaria	20.6	1.54	21.7	0.99	23.1	1.02	19.3	0.85	10.6		0.79	3.9		0.51	0.8	!	0.24
Canada	4.2	0.28	9.8	0.41	19.7	0.60	26.0	0.58	22.2		0.51	12.8		0.69	5.3		0.39
Chile	17.9	1.24	28.0	0.93	27.2	1.02	17.7	0.88	7.3		0.67	1.8		0.26	0.2	!	0.06
Chinese Taipei	4.2	0.46	7.9	0.62	14.2	0.70	19.6	0.69	22.9		0.76	18.9		0.92	12.3		0.90
Colombia	34.7	1.41	32.8	1.03	22.2	0.91	7.8	0.62	2.1		0.28	0.3		0.08	‡		†
Costa Rica	19.7	1.41	32.3	1.13	30.5	1.18	13.7	1.01	3.3		0.50	0.5	!	0.14	‡		†
Croatia	9.9	0.78	18.1	1.03	25.1	1.02	23.1	0.98	14.9		0.81	6.8		0.69	2.1		0.47
Cyprus	22.4	0.63	21.2	0.81	23.4	0.69	18.8	0.74	9.8		0.51	3.5		0.28	0.9		0.16
Czech Republic	8.6	0.78	14.3	0.83	21.4	0.92	24.1	1.02	18.4		1.00	9.5		0.66	3.7		0.34
Denmark	4.8	0.49	11.9	0.71	22.1	0.80	26.7	0.81	20.4		0.86	10.8		0.69	3.3		0.42
Estonia	3.5	0.38	10.8	0.68	22.3	0.83	28.0	0.95	21.4		1.04	10.3		0.62	3.7		0.36
Finland	3.2	0.34	7.7	0.53	18.2	0.71	27.8	0.79	24.5		0.67	13.6		0.59	5.0		0.44
France	8.2	0.73	11.7	0.89	18.7	0.90	22.0	0.87	20.0		1.11	13.1		0.87	6.2		0.58
Germany	7.1	0.74	11.6	0.78	17.6	1.07	21.8	0.86	21.7		0.91	13.5		0.88	6.7		0.65
Greece	13.3	1.02	18.6	0.76	23.6	0.85	22.5	0.91	14.4		0.93	6.0		0.59	1.6		0.24
Hong Kong-China	2.7	0.39	6.4	0.70	13.2	0.83	21.7	0.94	27.4		1.10	19.2		0.90	9.4		0.91
Hungary	12.4	0.93	15.9	0.94	23.5	0.93	22.6	0.94	16.0		0.83	7.3		0.66	2.2		0.40
Iceland	9.7	0.53	14.1	0.77	20.7	0.99	24.2	1.18	18.6		0.84	9.3		0.72	3.4		0.34
Indonesia	39.3	2.07	34.0	1.45	19.2	1.29	6.0	0.94	1.3	!	0.47	‡		†	‡		†
Ireland	5.5	0.61	11.3	0.76	22.2	0.96	26.3	0.87	21.2		0.79	10.0		0.56	3.5		0.32
Israel	19.3	1.32	17.1	0.78	19.9	1.14	19.2	0.87	13.9		0.77	7.4		0.70	3.2		0.62
Italy	9.7	0.45	13.6	0.52	20.3	0.47	22.3	0.53	18.2		0.48	10.6		0.42	5.2		0.34
Japan	3.4	0.49	8.5	0.71	17.6	0.95	25.1	1.07	24.3		1.06	15.0		0.83	6.1		0.70
Jordan	36.6	1.53	32.3	0.84	21.8	1.14	7.3	0.58	1.7		0.43	‡		†	‡		†
Kazakhstan	16.1	0.96	34.7	1.26	32.3	1.00	14.0	1.27	2.7		0.49	‡		†	‡		†
Korea, Republic of	3.7	0.49	7.6	0.64	15.7	0.82	22.9	0.88	24.6		0.87	17.0		0.93	8.6		0.97
Latvia	7.0	0.70	16.0	0.89	25.2	1.12	26.0	0.99	17.1		0.84	6.9		0.62	1.8		0.37
Liechtenstein	5.2	1.47	9.4	2.00	15.1	2.72	19.3	3.40	21.2		2.78	19.1		2.48	10.6		1.72
Lithuania	10.7	0.73	18.6	0.86	26.1	1.02	23.3	0.84	14.3		0.82	5.7		0.50	1.3		0.27
Luxembourg	10.4	0.52	14.7	0.70	19.9	0.70	21.6	0.61	18.2		0.57	10.7		0.49	4.6		0.27
Macao-China	3.6	0.40	8.4	0.63	17.7	0.70	25.1	0.87	25.0		0.66	14.7		0.72	5.6		0.36
Malaysia	21.5	1.33	30.2	1.06	28.6	0.98	14.8	0.92	4.4		0.65	0.5	!	0.18	‡		†
Mexico	22.0	0.66	32.1	0.62	29.2	0.55	13.1	0.46	3.2		0.21	0.4		0.07	‡		†
Montenegro, Republic of	27.7	0.88	26.6	1.08	23.5	1.19	14.4	0.87	5.9		0.55	1.5		0.37	0.3	!	0.10
Netherlands	5.1	0.83	11.1	0.83	17.2	1.01	21.8	1.23	22.8		1.21	15.2		1.00	6.9		0.62
New Zealand	7.9	0.58	13.0	0.65	19.2	0.96	21.1	0.93	19.3		0.68	12.5		0.76	7.0		0.52
Norway	7.6	0.65	13.3	0.84	21.7	0.82	24.8	0.94	19.2		0.78	9.3		0.63	3.9		0.44
Peru	46.6	1.82	27.4	1.04	16.2	1.09	7.1	0.83	2.1		0.36	0.5	!	0.16	‡		†
Poland	3.9	0.36	10.9	0.74	21.5	0.90	26.2	0.78	22.2		0.84	11.1		0.72	4.2		0.75
Portugal	8.2	0.90	15.1	0.97	23.0	0.86	24.4	1.00	18.4		0.89	8.7		0.59	2.3		0.32
Qatar	46.7	0.45	22.0	0.54	15.3	0.48	9.2	0.32	4.6		0.23	1.8		0.13	0.4		0.08
Romania	13.9	1.29	27.3	1.40	31.8	1.06	19.1	1.07	6.6		0.78	1.2		0.30	‡		†
Russian Federation	10.1	0.78	18.1	0.90	26.9	0.97	24.2	1.04	14.2		0.83	5.2		0.47	1.2		0.20
Serbia, Republic of	17.0	1.34	22.7	1.14	26.4	0.97	19.6	1.08	10.3		0.84	3.3		0.51	0.8		0.22
Shanghai-China	1.5	0.30	4.3	0.48	10.9	0.64	18.4	1.01	24.4		1.44	22.8		0.96	17.7		1.02
Singapore	3.3	0.28	7.7	0.46	14.0	0.62	19.8	0.75	22.7		0.97	18.6		0.99	14.0		0.55
Slovak Republic	13.6	0.98	16.8	0.88	22.3	1.08	22.0	0.87	15.4		0.86	7.3		0.54	2.5		0.40
Slovenia	6.6	0.47	14.9	0.64	23.5	1.02	23.0	0.96	18.6		0.73	10.2		0.55	3.3		0.42
Spain	8.5	0.43	13.6	0.63	21.8	0.83	24.4	0.65	18.9		0.60	9.6		0.41	3.1		0.22
Sweden	10.1	0.71	15.7	0.63	22.7	0.78	23.6	0.98	17.0		0.88	8.2		0.51	2.8		0.34
Switzerland	5.0	0.43	9.4	0.58	16.8	0.82	23.3	0.76	22.8		0.65	15.2		0.80	7.5		0.81
Thailand	16.9	1.11	28.5	1.11	30.0	1.04	16.3	0.97	6.0		0.66	1.9		0.38	0.4	!	0.15
Tunisia	36.8	1.90	31.5	1.26	21.3	1.37	7.7	0.78	2.2		0.58	‡		†	‡		†
Turkey	17.1	1.08	25.2	1.30	25.4	1.15	16.6	1.00	9.9		1.17	4.2		0.73	1.7	!	0.54
United Arab Emirates	22.3	0.90	26.3	0.84	24.7	0.63	16.2	0.71	7.5		0.48	2.5		0.28	0.5		0.13
United Kingdom	8.2	0.82	13.2	0.80	20.7	0.76	23.6	0.99	19.2		0.82	10.4		0.62	4.7		0.45
United States	8.1	*0.83*	16.3	*0.88*	24.0	*0.97*	23.0	*0.90*	17.0		*1.02*	8.4		*0.62*	3.2		*0.43*
Uruguay	28.5	1.19	27.4	0.83	24.0	1.13	13.2	0.73	5.6		0.58	1.3		0.34	‡		†
Vietnam	4.5	0.82	13.0	1.28	25.3	1.18	29.7	1.22	18.8		1.21	7.0		0.82	1.8		0.43

U.S. state education systems
Connecticut	7.2	1.29	11.6	1.18	18.2	1.35	23.1	1.64	20.4		1.73	12.7		1.39	6.7		1.05
Florida	10.0	1.43	18.8	1.59	25.1	1.70	23.7	1.84	13.9		1.29	6.3		1.09	2.2	!	0.81
Massachusetts	5.7	0.73	11.2	0.97	18.7	1.53	22.0	1.59	20.3		1.49	13.6		1.39	8.6		1.54
† Not applicable. ! Interpret data with caution. Estimate is unstable due to high coefficient of variation. ‡ Reporting standards not met. NOTE: To reach a particular proficiency level, a student must correctly answer a majority of items at that level. Students were classified into mathematics literacy levels according to their process subscale scores. Exact cut scores are as follows: below level 1 (a score less than or equal to 357.77); level 1 (a score greater than 357.77 and less than or equal to 420.07); level 2 (a score greater than 420.07 and less than or equal to 482.38); level 3 (a score greater than 482.38 and less than or equal to 544.68); level 4 (a score greater than 544.68 and less than or equal to 606.99); level 5 (a score greater than 606.99 and less than or equal to 669.30); and level 6 (a score greater than 669.30). Scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000. The OECD average is the average of the national percentages of the OECD member countries, with each country weighted equally. Standard error is noted by s.e. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Italics indicate non-OECD countries and education systems. Results for Connecticut, Florida, and Massachusetts are for public school students only. SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2012.