OECD average |
10.3 |
|
0.13 |
|
15.6 |
|
0.13 |
|
21.3 |
|
0.15 |
|
21.6 |
|
0.15 |
|
16.6 |
|
0.14 |
|
9.5 |
|
0.11 |
|
5.0 |
|
0.10 |
Albania |
31.5 |
|
1.03 |
|
27.6 |
|
0.85 |
|
23.3 |
|
1.03 |
|
12.3 |
|
0.87 |
|
4.2 |
|
0.37 |
|
0.9 |
|
0.20 |
|
‡ |
|
† |
Argentina |
37.2 |
|
1.87 |
|
30.7 |
|
1.13 |
|
21.3 |
|
1.35 |
|
8.5 |
|
0.81 |
|
1.9 |
|
0.33 |
|
0.3 |
! |
0.11 |
|
‡ |
|
† |
Australia |
9.7 |
|
0.47 |
|
15.1 |
|
0.51 |
|
20.7 |
|
0.42 |
|
21.2 |
|
0.45 |
|
16.7 |
|
0.59 |
|
10.1 |
|
0.53 |
|
6.4 |
|
0.48 |
Austria |
8.7 |
|
0.72 |
|
14.7 |
|
0.79 |
|
20.7 |
|
0.80 |
|
21.3 |
|
0.80 |
|
18.5 |
|
0.74 |
|
11.1 |
|
0.67 |
|
4.9 |
|
0.62 |
Belgium |
8.6 |
|
0.57 |
|
12.6 |
|
0.60 |
|
18.3 |
|
0.56 |
|
20.9 |
|
0.62 |
|
19.1 |
|
0.77 |
|
12.8 |
|
0.59 |
|
7.9 |
|
0.46 |
Brazil |
43.1 |
|
1.04 |
|
28.1 |
|
0.64 |
|
17.6 |
|
0.59 |
|
7.5 |
|
0.45 |
|
2.7 |
|
0.33 |
|
0.8 |
|
0.22 |
|
0.2 |
! |
0.06 |
Bulgaria |
21.8 |
|
1.43 |
|
23.3 |
|
1.02 |
|
23.3 |
|
0.91 |
|
17.4 |
|
1.06 |
|
9.2 |
|
0.78 |
|
3.8 |
|
0.58 |
|
1.2 |
|
0.31 |
Canada |
5.9 |
|
0.33 |
|
11.7 |
|
0.47 |
|
20.3 |
|
0.73 |
|
23.1 |
|
0.71 |
|
19.8 |
|
0.53 |
|
12.4 |
|
0.46 |
|
6.8 |
|
0.41 |
Chile |
24.6 |
|
1.37 |
|
27.9 |
|
0.85 |
|
24.3 |
|
0.92 |
|
14.7 |
|
0.79 |
|
6.3 |
|
0.60 |
|
1.8 |
|
0.24 |
|
0.4 |
|
0.10 |
Chinese Taipei |
6.1 |
|
0.56 |
|
7.8 |
|
0.54 |
|
11.1 |
|
0.61 |
|
14.2 |
|
0.59 |
|
16.4 |
|
0.73 |
|
17.1 |
|
1.00 |
|
27.3 |
|
1.13 |
Colombia |
43.2 |
|
1.75 |
|
29.2 |
|
0.98 |
|
17.6 |
|
0.89 |
|
7.2 |
|
0.63 |
|
2.2 |
|
0.33 |
|
0.4 |
|
0.12 |
|
‡ |
|
† |
Costa Rica |
30.0 |
|
1.63 |
|
33.0 |
|
1.20 |
|
23.3 |
|
1.18 |
|
9.9 |
|
0.91 |
|
3.0 |
|
0.54 |
|
0.7 |
! |
0.24 |
|
‡ |
|
† |
Croatia |
16.5 |
|
0.96 |
|
22.3 |
|
1.01 |
|
24.5 |
|
1.04 |
|
19.9 |
|
0.92 |
|
10.3 |
|
0.73 |
|
4.5 |
|
0.64 |
|
1.9 |
! |
0.63 |
Cyprus |
20.2 |
|
0.62 |
|
24.0 |
|
0.86 |
|
25.6 |
|
1.20 |
|
17.4 |
|
0.72 |
|
8.9 |
|
0.43 |
|
3.3 |
|
0.28 |
|
0.7 |
|
0.15 |
Czech Republic |
8.7 |
|
0.86 |
|
14.6 |
|
0.83 |
|
21.7 |
|
0.88 |
|
22.9 |
|
1.02 |
|
18.2 |
|
1.06 |
|
9.5 |
|
0.75 |
|
4.3 |
|
0.43 |
Denmark |
5.3 |
|
0.55 |
|
13.1 |
|
0.63 |
|
22.8 |
|
0.93 |
|
26.3 |
|
0.83 |
|
20.2 |
|
0.73 |
|
9.6 |
|
0.66 |
|
2.8 |
|
0.36 |
Estonia |
3.6 |
|
0.41 |
|
10.4 |
|
0.66 |
|
22.0 |
|
0.83 |
|
26.7 |
|
0.70 |
|
20.7 |
|
0.92 |
|
11.2 |
|
0.62 |
|
5.4 |
|
0.41 |
Finland |
4.9 |
|
0.52 |
|
10.7 |
|
0.57 |
|
19.8 |
|
0.78 |
|
25.1 |
|
0.92 |
|
21.1 |
|
0.92 |
|
12.5 |
|
0.80 |
|
6.1 |
|
0.47 |
France |
12.1 |
|
0.77 |
|
15.8 |
|
0.72 |
|
21.8 |
|
0.95 |
|
21.3 |
|
0.96 |
|
16.6 |
|
0.69 |
|
8.6 |
|
0.62 |
|
3.8 |
|
0.47 |
Germany |
7.7 |
|
0.66 |
|
12.7 |
|
0.70 |
|
19.5 |
|
0.81 |
|
21.9 |
|
1.17 |
|
19.4 |
|
0.76 |
|
12.4 |
|
0.74 |
|
6.5 |
|
0.59 |
Greece |
15.7 |
|
0.94 |
|
22.3 |
|
0.97 |
|
27.7 |
|
1.32 |
|
20.6 |
|
0.83 |
|
10.0 |
|
0.69 |
|
3.1 |
|
0.30 |
|
0.7 |
|
0.15 |
Hong Kong-China |
4.2 |
|
0.51 |
|
6.5 |
|
0.59 |
|
11.9 |
|
0.70 |
|
16.8 |
|
0.81 |
|
21.5 |
|
1.02 |
|
19.9 |
|
0.79 |
|
19.2 |
|
1.07 |
Hungary |
12.9 |
|
0.89 |
|
19.9 |
|
1.08 |
|
24.4 |
|
1.07 |
|
20.2 |
|
0.92 |
|
12.8 |
|
0.73 |
|
6.7 |
|
0.70 |
|
3.1 |
|
0.68 |
Iceland |
6.7 |
|
0.50 |
|
13.3 |
|
0.64 |
|
22.1 |
|
0.79 |
|
25.8 |
|
0.95 |
|
18.7 |
|
0.79 |
|
9.9 |
|
0.68 |
|
3.4 |
|
0.44 |
Indonesia |
46.8 |
|
2.09 |
|
27.5 |
|
1.24 |
|
15.9 |
|
1.08 |
|
6.9 |
|
0.86 |
|
2.3 |
|
0.61 |
|
0.5 |
! |
0.24 |
|
‡ |
|
† |
Ireland |
7.9 |
|
0.71 |
|
14.8 |
|
0.88 |
|
22.8 |
|
1.17 |
|
25.2 |
|
1.07 |
|
17.8 |
|
0.66 |
|
8.6 |
|
0.55 |
|
3.0 |
|
0.34 |
Israel |
17.1 |
|
1.27 |
|
17.4 |
|
0.81 |
|
20.9 |
|
0.81 |
|
20.7 |
|
0.85 |
|
14.3 |
|
0.86 |
|
6.8 |
|
0.67 |
|
2.8 |
|
0.47 |
Italy |
12.4 |
|
0.52 |
|
17.1 |
|
0.52 |
|
23.6 |
|
0.60 |
|
21.9 |
|
0.54 |
|
14.8 |
|
0.43 |
|
7.3 |
|
0.39 |
|
2.9 |
|
0.25 |
Japan |
4.0 |
|
0.58 |
|
7.6 |
|
0.66 |
|
13.6 |
|
0.83 |
|
20.7 |
|
0.91 |
|
21.5 |
|
1.02 |
|
17.1 |
|
0.90 |
|
15.3 |
|
1.27 |
Jordan |
34.8 |
|
1.69 |
|
32.4 |
|
1.19 |
|
21.0 |
|
1.09 |
|
8.8 |
|
0.65 |
|
2.1 |
|
0.30 |
|
‡ |
|
† |
|
‡ |
|
† |
Kazakhstan |
14.9 |
|
1.11 |
|
26.0 |
|
1.13 |
|
28.9 |
|
1.08 |
|
19.5 |
|
1.16 |
|
8.0 |
|
0.85 |
|
2.3 |
|
0.44 |
|
0.5 |
! |
0.24 |
Korea, Republic of |
3.5 |
|
0.53 |
|
7.1 |
|
0.81 |
|
13.4 |
|
0.88 |
|
19.2 |
|
0.92 |
|
21.5 |
|
0.88 |
|
18.1 |
|
0.74 |
|
17.4 |
|
1.55 |
Latvia |
7.3 |
|
0.85 |
|
15.6 |
|
1.16 |
|
25.7 |
|
1.13 |
|
25.0 |
|
1.08 |
|
16.7 |
|
1.08 |
|
7.1 |
|
0.80 |
|
2.6 |
|
0.32 |
Liechtenstein |
4.5 |
! |
1.86 |
|
9.5 |
|
2.06 |
|
16.9 |
|
2.52 |
|
21.1 |
|
2.58 |
|
23.1 |
|
2.87 |
|
15.7 |
|
2.49 |
|
9.2 |
|
1.66 |
Lithuania |
11.9 |
|
0.83 |
|
17.5 |
|
0.81 |
|
23.4 |
|
0.82 |
|
21.5 |
|
0.84 |
|
14.7 |
|
0.80 |
|
7.7 |
|
0.50 |
|
3.3 |
|
0.45 |
Luxembourg |
11.7 |
|
0.49 |
|
17.0 |
|
0.84 |
|
21.8 |
|
0.69 |
|
21.5 |
|
0.62 |
|
16.5 |
|
0.58 |
|
8.2 |
|
0.41 |
|
3.3 |
|
0.25 |
Macao-China |
4.8 |
|
0.27 |
|
8.7 |
|
0.47 |
|
14.9 |
|
0.53 |
|
20.3 |
|
0.62 |
|
21.3 |
|
0.66 |
|
16.9 |
|
0.67 |
|
13.0 |
|
0.43 |
Malaysia |
32.4 |
|
1.46 |
|
25.4 |
|
0.98 |
|
20.7 |
|
0.77 |
|
12.9 |
|
0.82 |
|
6.4 |
|
0.59 |
|
1.8 |
|
0.32 |
|
0.4 |
! |
0.13 |
Mexico |
27.6 |
|
0.77 |
|
28.2 |
|
0.58 |
|
24.5 |
|
0.60 |
|
13.4 |
|
0.48 |
|
4.9 |
|
0.25 |
|
1.2 |
|
0.12 |
|
0.2 |
|
0.04 |
Montenegro, Republic of |
30.9 |
|
0.77 |
|
28.2 |
|
1.00 |
|
22.2 |
|
0.81 |
|
12.7 |
|
0.69 |
|
4.6 |
|
0.38 |
|
1.2 |
|
0.22 |
|
‡ |
|
† |
Netherlands |
4.9 |
|
0.67 |
|
10.7 |
|
0.81 |
|
17.4 |
|
0.97 |
|
22.5 |
|
1.19 |
|
21.6 |
|
0.89 |
|
15.1 |
|
1.09 |
|
7.6 |
|
0.81 |
New Zealand |
9.9 |
|
0.71 |
|
16.0 |
|
0.70 |
|
20.8 |
|
0.92 |
|
20.6 |
|
0.88 |
|
16.3 |
|
0.85 |
|
10.1 |
|
0.70 |
|
6.3 |
|
0.60 |
Norway |
9.2 |
|
0.71 |
|
15.6 |
|
0.82 |
|
22.8 |
|
0.82 |
|
23.3 |
|
1.11 |
|
16.9 |
|
0.79 |
|
8.6 |
|
0.52 |
|
3.7 |
|
0.43 |
Peru |
45.9 |
|
1.68 |
|
26.6 |
|
0.83 |
|
16.5 |
|
0.94 |
|
7.5 |
|
0.81 |
|
2.7 |
|
0.40 |
|
0.6 |
|
0.19 |
|
‡ |
|
† |
Poland |
5.5 |
|
0.53 |
|
12.5 |
|
0.84 |
|
20.9 |
|
0.94 |
|
23.0 |
|
0.82 |
|
19.0 |
|
0.93 |
|
12.1 |
|
0.95 |
|
7.1 |
|
0.94 |
Portugal |
13.5 |
|
0.96 |
|
17.1 |
|
0.96 |
|
20.5 |
|
0.92 |
|
20.9 |
|
0.83 |
|
15.8 |
|
0.99 |
|
8.5 |
|
0.60 |
|
3.6 |
|
0.40 |
Qatar |
45.8 |
|
0.48 |
|
23.1 |
|
0.52 |
|
15.3 |
|
0.40 |
|
8.8 |
|
0.36 |
|
4.6 |
|
0.27 |
|
1.9 |
|
0.17 |
|
0.5 |
|
0.10 |
Romania |
17.4 |
|
1.22 |
|
23.7 |
|
1.05 |
|
26.2 |
|
0.98 |
|
18.2 |
|
1.15 |
|
9.8 |
|
0.82 |
|
3.6 |
|
0.56 |
|
1.2 |
! |
0.40 |
Russian Federation |
9.9 |
|
0.66 |
|
16.4 |
|
0.90 |
|
24.3 |
|
0.93 |
|
24.0 |
|
0.80 |
|
15.8 |
|
0.85 |
|
7.0 |
|
0.68 |
|
2.5 |
|
0.53 |
Serbia, Republic of |
17.9 |
|
1.20 |
|
23.1 |
|
1.29 |
|
24.7 |
|
1.33 |
|
18.4 |
|
0.96 |
|
9.9 |
|
0.77 |
|
4.2 |
|
0.48 |
|
1.8 |
|
0.41 |
Shanghai-China |
1.8 |
|
0.32 |
|
3.7 |
|
0.47 |
|
7.0 |
|
0.56 |
|
11.9 |
|
0.65 |
|
17.2 |
|
0.78 |
|
20.5 |
|
0.98 |
|
37.9 |
|
1.29 |
Singapore |
3.7 |
|
0.29 |
|
6.5 |
|
0.38 |
|
11.6 |
|
0.53 |
|
15.6 |
|
0.51 |
|
18.5 |
|
0.64 |
|
18.8 |
|
0.61 |
|
25.3 |
|
0.63 |
Slovak Republic |
13.0 |
|
1.14 |
|
17.0 |
|
0.91 |
|
21.5 |
|
1.03 |
|
20.5 |
|
1.14 |
|
15.3 |
|
0.98 |
|
8.3 |
|
0.64 |
|
4.5 |
|
0.59 |
Slovenia |
9.5 |
|
0.58 |
|
16.2 |
|
0.69 |
|
21.8 |
|
1.11 |
|
21.6 |
|
0.87 |
|
16.4 |
|
0.62 |
|
9.7 |
|
0.54 |
|
4.8 |
|
0.42 |
Spain |
12.0 |
|
0.62 |
|
16.8 |
|
0.60 |
|
22.6 |
|
0.63 |
|
22.8 |
|
0.58 |
|
15.9 |
|
0.48 |
|
7.5 |
|
0.45 |
|
2.5 |
|
0.19 |
Sweden |
11.8 |
|
0.80 |
|
17.3 |
|
0.91 |
|
22.3 |
|
0.74 |
|
21.9 |
|
0.89 |
|
15.9 |
|
0.93 |
|
8.0 |
|
0.69 |
|
3.0 |
|
0.33 |
Switzerland |
4.7 |
|
0.41 |
|
8.5 |
|
0.48 |
|
16.0 |
|
0.76 |
|
22.1 |
|
0.86 |
|
22.5 |
|
0.75 |
|
15.6 |
|
0.80 |
|
10.5 |
|
0.83 |
Thailand |
28.2 |
|
1.27 |
|
26.6 |
|
1.12 |
|
22.1 |
|
0.79 |
|
13.0 |
|
0.87 |
|
6.1 |
|
0.74 |
|
2.8 |
|
0.45 |
|
1.1 |
|
0.30 |
Tunisia |
45.7 |
|
1.71 |
|
26.9 |
|
1.06 |
|
16.9 |
|
0.97 |
|
6.9 |
|
0.68 |
|
2.5 |
|
0.53 |
|
0.8 |
! |
0.38 |
|
‡ |
|
† |
Turkey |
16.7 |
|
1.24 |
|
24.8 |
|
1.34 |
|
24.5 |
|
1.09 |
|
16.6 |
|
1.13 |
|
10.6 |
|
1.14 |
|
5.1 |
|
0.93 |
|
1.5 |
! |
0.50 |
United Arab Emirates |
26.1 |
|
1.04 |
|
23.8 |
|
0.62 |
|
21.7 |
|
0.72 |
|
15.9 |
|
0.66 |
|
8.3 |
|
0.57 |
|
3.2 |
|
0.29 |
|
1.1 |
|
0.18 |
United Kingdom |
10.6 |
|
1.11 |
|
15.5 |
|
0.70 |
|
22.3 |
|
0.84 |
|
22.0 |
|
0.73 |
|
16.2 |
|
0.78 |
|
9.2 |
|
0.66 |
|
4.3 |
|
0.50 |
United States |
11.1 |
|
1.03 |
|
19.1 |
|
0.96 |
|
24.5 |
|
1.02 |
|
21.5 |
|
1.16 |
|
13.8 |
|
1.17 |
|
6.9 |
|
0.62 |
|
3.1 |
|
0.43 |
Uruguay |
31.4 |
|
1.28 |
|
25.0 |
|
0.85 |
|
21.8 |
|
1.14 |
|
13.6 |
|
0.82 |
|
6.1 |
|
0.55 |
|
1.8 |
|
0.33 |
|
0.3 |
! |
0.13 |
Vietnam |
7.6 |
|
1.10 |
|
13.7 |
|
1.03 |
|
22.6 |
|
1.13 |
|
25.3 |
|
1.33 |
|
17.6 |
|
1.18 |
|
8.9 |
|
0.82 |
|
4.2 |
|
0.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. state education system |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Connecticut |
9.6 |
|
1.40 |
|
14.6 |
|
1.37 |
|
19.0 |
|
1.25 |
|
21.0 |
|
1.18 |
|
17.1 |
|
1.19 |
|
11.5 |
|
1.45 |
|
7.2 |
|
1.06 |
Florida |
14.5 |
|
1.79 |
|
21.1 |
|
1.77 |
|
25.4 |
|
1.77 |
|
21.5 |
|
2.13 |
|
11.5 |
|
1.50 |
|
4.9 |
|
0.86 |
|
1.1 |
|
0.32 |
Massachusetts |
8.0 |
|
1.04 |
|
12.3 |
|
1.25 |
|
19.7 |
|
1.96 |
|
22.1 |
|
1.56 |
|
17.9 |
|
1.71 |
|
12.1 |
|
1.30 |
|
8.0 |
|
1.84 |
See notes at end of table. |