Percentage distribution and average mathematics achievement scores of eigth-grade students as reported in TIMSS, by the Index of students' positive affect toward mathematics (PATM) and country: 2007

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Table D.1.04b.

Percentage distribution and average mathematics achievement scores of eigth-grade students as reported in TIMSS, by the Index of students' positive affect toward mathematics (PATM) and country: 2007

Country, ordered by high PATM	High PATM												Medium PATM												Low PATM
	2007 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 1999				Difference in percent from 1995				2007 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 1999				Difference in percent from 1995				2007 percent of students		Average achievement		Difference in percent from 1999				Difference in percent from 1995
	Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent		s.e.		Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent		s.e.		Percent	s.e.	Score	s.e.	Percent		s.e.		Percent		s.e.
International Avg.	54	0.2	471	0.6	—		†		—		†		21	0.1	441	0.7	—		†		—		†		26	0.1	428	0.7	—		†		—		†

Algeria	83	0.7	394	2.2	—		†		—		†		10	0.5	364	3.9	—		†		—		†		7	0.5	357	3.8	—		†		—		†
Egypt	78	1.1	404	3.4	—		†		—		†		14	0.8	362	6.5	—		†		—		†		8	0.5	376	7.6	—		†		—		†
Botswana	78	1.0	376	2.3	—		†		—		†		13	0.6	339	3.8	—		†		—		†		9	0.7	332	5.0	—		†		—		†
Oman	78	0.9	386	3.3	—		†		—		†		16	0.8	335	4.7	—		†		—		†		6	0.4	334	7.5	—		†		—		†
Tunisia	73	1.0	430	2.5	#		†		—		†		14	0.6	398	4.2	‡		†		—		†		13	0.7	395	4.2	‡		†		—		†

Malaysia	73	1.0	485	5.2	-16		1.2	▼	—		†		18	0.8	445	5.6	9		0.9	∆	—		†		10	0.6	445	6.0	7		0.6	∆	—		†
Jordan	72	1.4	448	4.0	‡		†		—		†		15	0.8	396	5.5	-3	!	1.1	▼	—		†		13	1.0	385	9.2	#		†		—		†
Indonesia	72	1.3	400	3.9	-10		1.7	▼	—		†		21	1.0	390	4.9	7		1.3	∆	—		†		7	0.6	402	7.3	3		0.7	∆	—		†
Turkey	71	1.2	450	5.1	—		—		—		†		17	0.8	399	6.3	—		†		—		†		11	0.8	386	5.8	—		†		—		†
Syrian Arab Republic	70	1.1	410	3.6	—		†		—		†		17	0.8	376	5.4	—		†		—		†		13	0.6	368	4.5	—		†		—		†

Ghana	70	1.2	327	4.2	—		†		—		†		22	0.8	282	6.3	—		†		—		†		8	0.6	269	8.4	—		†		—		†
Colombia	69	1.3	385	3.5	—		†		‡		†		20	1.0	377	4.7	—		†		‡		†		11	0.7	380	6.7	—		†		‡		†
El Salvador	68	1.3	351	2.7	—		†		—		†		22	1.0	327	3.8	—		†		—		†		10	0.7	327	6.0	—		†		—		†
Iran, Islamic Rep. of	64	1.2	425	4.4	-7		1.5	▼	‡		†		21	1.0	382	4.5	‡		†		#		†		15	0.9	382	6.6	5		1.1	∆	‡		†
Lebanon	63	1.3	465	4.3	—		†		—		†		19	0.9	428	5.9	—		†		—		†		17	0.9	428	4.9	—		†		—		†

Singapore	60	1.0	615	3.6	-7		1.5	▼	-7		1.6	▼	20	0.6	575	5.3	‡		†		#		†		20	0.8	545	5.4	6		1.1	∆	6		1.2	∆
Bahrain	59	0.9	412	2.0	—		†		—		†		18	0.6	389	2.8	—		†		—		†		23	0.8	376	3.0	—		†		—		†
Georgia	58	1.7	436	5.0	—		†		—		†		22	1.0	399	7.8	—		†		—		†		20	1.2	392	6.5	—		†		—		†
Qatar	57	0.5	321	1.6	—		†		—		†		19	0.5	299	4.0	—		†		—		†		24	0.5	296	2.8	—		†		—		†
Thailand	57	1.5	457	5.6	‡		†		—		†		31	1.1	420	5.1	‡		†		—		†		12	0.7	427	5.8	3	!	0.9	∆	—		†

Kuwait	57	1.0	367	2.4	—		†		—		†		20	0.7	349	3.7	—		†		—		†		24	0.9	338	4.3	—		†		—		†
Palestinian Nat'l Auth.	56	1.3	392	4.1	—		†		—		†		22	0.8	340	5.0	—		†		—		†		22	1.0	347	4.1	—		†		—		†
Armenia	55	1.4	511	3.9	—		†		—		†		23	0.7	494	6.4	—		†		—		†		22	1.2	489	4.5	—		†		—		†
Ukraine	54	1.5	485	3.9	—		†		—		†		23	0.8	456	4.3	—		†		—		†		23	1.1	440	4.0	—		†		—		†
Saudi Arabia	54	1.4	340	3.7	—		†		—		†		22	0.8	321	4.0	—		†		—		†		24	1.0	323	4.7	—		†		—		†

Russian Federation	53	1.1	533	4.6	#		†		5	!	1.7	∆	27	0.8	494	4.7	-5		1.3	▼	-7		1.3	▼	20	0.8	488	5.7	5		1.3	∆	‡		†
Israel	49	1.1	475	4.8	-12		1.9	▼	—		†		22	0.8	470	5.3	‡		†		—		†		28	1.1	451	4.8	10		1.4	∆	—		†
Romania	47	1.4	486	4.9	-6	!	2.1	▼	-8		2.0	▼	21	0.8	451	5.1	-5		1.4	▼	-7		1.3	▼	31	1.2	443	4.5	11		1.6	∆	15		1.5	∆
Hong Kong SAR	47	1.2	603	5.5	-9		1.6	▼	‡		†		22	0.9	566	6.4	‡		†		-4	!	1.2	▼	31	1.2	532	7.3	11		1.4	∆	6		1.7	∆
Bulgaria	46	1.2	487	5.6	‡		†		—		†		22	0.9	463	5.5	-3	!	1.4	▼	—		†		32	1.2	448	6.4	8		2.2	∆	—		†

Cyprus	44	0.9	497	2.4	-23		1.4	▼	-21		1.4	▼	21	0.6	455	3.4	‡		†		2	!	0.9		35	0.8	436	2.4	21		1.2	∆	19		1.2	∆
Malta	42	0.6	517	1.8	—		†		—		†		21	0.6	474	3.2	—		†		—		†		37	0.7	465	2.4	—		†		—		†
United States	41	0.8	524	2.9	-11		1.4	▼	-9		1.4	▼	24	0.5	511	3.3	2	!	0.8	∆	-2	!	0.9	▼	35	0.8	490	3.3	9		1.2	∆	11		1.1	∆
Bosnia and Herzegovina	41	1.2	476	3.2	—		†		—		†		16	0.6	459	4.2	—		†		—		†		43	1.3	444	3.4	—		†		—		†
England	40	1.4	532	5.7	-25		1.9	▼	-27		2.1	▼	25	0.9	515	6.1	6		1.2	∆	7		1.3	∆	35	1.5	495	4.9	19		1.8	∆	20		1.8	∆

Sweden	39	1.1	517	2.9	—		†		-9		2.1	▼	24	0.6	488	2.9	—		†		-3	!	1.4		37	1.1	470	2.7	—		†		12		1.7	∆
Lithuania	38	1.1	531	3.4	-14		1.9	▼	5	!	1.8	∆	28	0.8	503	2.7	‡		†		-6		1.5	▼	34	1.1	481	3.5	14		1.6	∆	#		†
Italy	38	1.2	506	3.3	-16		1.8	▼	—		†		23	0.8	482	4.5	‡		†		—		†		39	1.1	455	3.2	15		1.6	∆	—		†
Chinese Taipei	37	1.2	657	3.7	-8		1.6	▼	—		†		18	0.6	605	5.1	-4		0.8	▼	—		†		45	1.4	547	4.6	12		1.7	∆	—		†
Norway	37	1.1	488	2.4	—		†		-12		1.6	▼	24	0.6	474	2.6	—		†		‡		†		39	1.1	451	2.1	—		†		14		1.5	∆

Serbia	35	1.4	518	4.3	—		†		—		†		16	0.7	499	5.7	—		†		—		†		49	1.6	467	3.7	—		†		—		†
Australia	34	1.3	521	6.2	—		†		-10		1.8	▼	27	0.8	498	3.7	—		†		‡		†		39	1.2	476	4.1	—		†		11		1.5	∆
Scotland	33	1.0	502	4.5	—		†		—		†		29	0.8	490	4.1	—		†		—		†		38	1.0	476	4.1	—		†		—		†
Korea, Rep. of	33	0.9	650	2.9	3	!	1.1	∆	‡		†		23	0.6	600	3.4	-12		0.9	▼	-13		1.2	▼	44	0.9	558	3.1	8		1.3	∆	15		1.4	∆
Czech Republic	31	1.0	530	3.0	‡		†		‡		†		22	0.6	501	3.6	-10		1.3	▼	-8		1.3	▼	47	1.1	489	2.7	11		1.9	∆	9		1.9	∆

Japan	30	1.1	609	3.7	‡		†		-7		1.8	▼	30	1.0	567	3.0	-4	!	1.2	▼	-6		1.2	▼	40	1.2	543	2.5	5	!	1.6	∆	13		1.8	∆
Hungary	30	1.0	554	4.4	-6		1.6	▼	-5	!	1.6	▼	22	1.0	517	4.9	-13		1.2	▼	-12		1.5	▼	48	1.4	496	3.6	19		2.0	∆	16		1.9	∆
Slovenia	25	1.1	520	4.3	—		†		-15		2.0	▼	22	0.7	507	3.0	—		†		-12		1.2	▼	53	1.1	492	2.1	—		†		27		1.9	∆
Morocco	‡	†	‡	†	‡		†		‡		†		‡	†	‡	†	‡		†		‡		†		‡	†	‡	†	‡		†		‡		†
Benchmarking Participants
Dubai, UAE	54	1.3	480	2.9	—		†		—		†		22	1.1	451	5.0	—		†		—		†		24	1.1	442	4.9	—		†		—		†
Ontario, Canada	48	1.7	537	3.9	-12		2.4	▼	-10		2.4	▼	23	0.9	512	4.0	3	!	1.3	∆	‡		†		29	1.4	491	4.9	9		1.9	∆	12		2.0	∆
Quebec, Canada	47	1.4	544	4.4	‡		†		‡		†		19	0.7	529	4.9	-15		2.1	▼	‡		†		34	1.4	509	3.1	11		2.5	∆	6	!	2.3	∆
Minnesota, US	43	2.2	551	5.3	—		†		-10	!	3.6	▼	25	1.1	530	5.6	—		†		‡		†		32	2.5	509	5.5	—		†		8	!	3.4	∆
Massachusetts, US	41	1.6	565	5.2	-6	!	2.9	▼	—		†		26	1.1	549	5.1	‡		†		—		†		33	2.1	524	6.4	‡		†		—		†

Basque Country, Spain	37	1.5	525	3.4	—		†		—		†		24	0.9	499	3.7	—		†		—		†		39	1.5	476	3.8	—		†		—		†
British Columbia, Canada	35	1.0	532	3.5	-7	!	2.5	▼	—		†		26	0.8	515	4.3	‡		†		—		†		38	1.2	486	3.0	10		2.7	∆	—		†
— Not available.
† Not applicable.
# Rounds to zero.
! Interpret data with caution, estimates are unstable. The coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .3 but less than .5.
‡ Reporting standards not met. The coefficient of variation is greater than or equal to .5.
∆ 2007 percent significantly higher at the p<0.05 level.
▼ 2007 percent significantly lower at the p<0.05 level.
NOTE: Index of students' positive affect towards mathematics (PATM) based on students’ responses to three statements about mathematics: 1) I enjoy learning mathematics; 2) Mathematics is boring (Reversed); 3) I like mathematics. Average is computed across the three items based on a 4-point scale: 1. Agree a lot; 2. Agree a little; 3. Disagree a little; 4. Disagree a lot. Students agreeing a lot or a little on average across the three statements are assigned to the high level. Students disagreeing a little or a lot on average across the three statements are assigned to the low level. All other students are assigned to the middle level. Standard error is noted by s.e. Detail may not sum to total due to rounding.
SOURCE: Data from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007. Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., and Foy, P. (2008). TIMSS 2007 International Mathematics Report: Findings from IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study at the Fourth and Eighth Grades, exhibit 4.8. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.