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Table C.4.07. | OECD: Cumulative expenditure per student over the average duration of tertiary studies, by type of program and country: 2008 |
Country | Method1 | Average duration of tertiary studies (in years) | Cumulative expenditure per student over the average duration of tertiary studies (in USD) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tertiary-type B education | Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs |
All tertiary education | Tertiary-type B education | Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs |
All tertiary education | ||||
OECD average | † | 2.23 | 4.33 | 3.97 | ‡ | ‡ | $57,775 | ||
OECD countries | |||||||||
Australia | CM | - | 3.48 | - | - | 56,714 | - | ||
Austria | AF | 1.89 | 4.80 | 4.34 | 23,129 | 72,370 | 65,334 | ||
Belgium | CM | 2.41 | 3.67 | 2.99 | - | - | 44,911 | 2 | |
Canada | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Chile | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Czech Republic3 | CM | - | 3.76 | - | - | 32,843 | - | ||
Denmark | AF | 2.51 | 5.97 | 5.19 | - | - | 91,448 | 2 | |
Estonia | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Finland | CM | † | 4.78 | 4.78 | † | 73,621 | 73,621 | ||
France3 | CM | 3.00 | 4.74 | 4.02 | 34,382 | 70,841 | 56,597 | ||
Germany | CM | 2.50 | 5.16 | 4.48 | 19,250 | 88,327 | 68,913 | ||
Greece | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Hungary4 | AF | 1.84 | 3.74 | 3.48 | 9,278 | 27,877 | 25,532 | ||
Iceland | CM | - | - | 4.49 | 2 | - | - | 46,828 | 2 |
Ireland4 | CM | 2.21 | 4.02 | 3.24 | - | - | 52,760 | 2 | |
Israel | CM | - | 3.03 | - | - | 40,140 | - | ||
Italy | AF | - | 4.52 | - | - | 43,194 | - | ||
Japan | CM | 2.09 | 4.57 | 4.19 | 19,783 | 75,554 | 62,385 | ||
Korea | CM | 2.07 | 4.22 | 3.43 | 11,887 | 42,658 | 31,149 | ||
Luxembourg | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Mexico | AF | 1.72 | 3.49 | 3.35 | - | - | 25,138 | 2 | |
Netherlands | CM | - | 5.02 | 5.02 | - | 86,568 | 86,568 | ||
New Zealand | CM | 2.22 | 3.90 | 3.32 | 19,113 | 43,413 | 34,978 | ||
Norway | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Poland4 | CM | - | 3.68 | - | - | 26,089 | - | ||
Portugal | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Slovak Republic | AF | 2.47 | 3.90 | 3.82 | - | 25,584 | - | ||
Slovenia | AF | 2.63 | 3.64 | 3.21 | - | - | 29,718 | 2 | |
Spain | CM | 2.15 | 5.54 | 4.66 | 23,058 | 77,159 | 62,287 | ||
Sweden | CM | 2.20 | 4.89 | 4.73 | 17,302 | 101,970 | 94,625 | ||
Switzerland4 | CM | 2.19 | 5.45 | 3.62 | 11,237 | 126,964 | 78,458 | ||
Turkey | CM | 2.73 | 2.37 | 2.65 | - | - | - | ||
United Kingdom3 | CM | 3.52 | 5.86 | 4.34 | - | - | 66,485 | 2 | |
United States | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Non-OECD member countries | |||||||||
Argentina | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Brazil | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
China | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
India | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Indonesia | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Russian Federation | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Saudi Arabia | † | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
South Africa | † | - | - | - | - | - | - |
— Not available. | |||||||||
† Not applicable. | |||||||||
‡ Reporting standards not met. Data are insufficient to report achievement. | |||||||||
1Either the Chain Method (CM) or an Approximation Formula (AF) was used to estimate the duration of tertiary studies. | |||||||||
2All tertiary education includes data for Tertiary-type B education and Tertiary-type A and advanced research programs. | |||||||||
3Average duration of tertiary studies is estimated based on national data. | |||||||||
4Public institutions only. | |||||||||
NOTE: The Chain Method (CM) and an Approximation Formula (AF) both are used to calculate the average duration of tertiary studies. The CM defines the duration of study as the sum of the probabilities, for each year of study, that a student who has entered tertiary education will still be enrolled in that year of study. The AF uses the ratio of flow data (entrants and leavers) to the corresponding numbers of students enrolled. Tertiary education typically refers to vocational training (type B) or higher education (type A), as well as advanced research programs. Apparent differences may not be statistically significant. | |||||||||
SOURCE: Data from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2011). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2011, table B1.3a. Paris: Author. |