Table 22. Percentage of public schools reporting the use of selected violence prevention program components, by selected school characteristics: School year 2007

Crime and Safety Surveys

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Table 22. Percentage of public schools reporting the use of selected violence prevention program components, by selected school characteristics: School year 2007–08
	Percentage of schools using selected violence prevention program components
School characteristic	Pre- vention curri- culum, instruc- tion, or train- ing for students¹	Behav- ioral or behavior modi- fication inter- vention for stu- dents	Counsel- ing, social work, psycho- logical, or therapeutic activity for students	Individual attention, mentoring, tutoring, or coach- ing of students by stu- dents or adults	Recrea- tional, enrich- ment, or leisure activities for students	Students’ involvement in resolving student conduct problems²	Programs to promote a sense of com- munity or social inte- gration among students	Hotline or tipline for stu- dents to report problems
All public schools	88	90	92	90	84	53	80	26

Level³
Primary	92	93	92	91	83	51	81	19
Middle	89	93	96	92	89	61	82	34
High school	73	85	91	90	81	54	78	42
Combined	81	80	92	79	81	42	68	26

Enrollment size
Less than 300	86	84	84	84	81	46	73	20
300–499	90	92	95	90	82	51	81	21
500–999	89	94	96	93	86	55	82	26
1,000 or more	82	90	95	93	86	66	83	49

Urbanicity
City	94	95	95	93	88	62	87	29
Suburb	89	93	94	93	85	58	85	25
Town	85	89	92	90	80	47	77	27
Rural	83	85	89	86	80	43	70	23

Crime level where students live⁴
High	92	94	94	92	85	70	81	23
Moderate	92	93	94	92	85	53	80	26
Low	86	89	91	88	82	49	78	23
Mixed	88	92	96	96	86	61	86	39

Percent of combined Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and American Indian/ Alaska Native students
Less than 5 percent	82	85	89	89	80	42	72	22
5 to less than 20 percent	87	88	91	88	83	54	81	23
20 to less than 50 percent	88	93	94	91	81	51	81	30
50 percent or more	92	93	94	92	87	58	81	27

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	84	90	90	91	86	55	85	23
21–50 percent	87	88	93	90	82	52	79	28
More than 50 percent	90	93	93	90	83	52	77	25

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	88	90	92	91	84	49	82	24
6–15 percent	87	89	93	90	82	52	80	28
More than 15 percent	90	94	92	91	86	59	76	24

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	87	90	90	89	79	48	75	27
36–60 percent	89	91	94	90	82	53	78	28
More than 60 percent	88	91	93	91	87	55	83	24

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	85	87	84	90	79	41	70	20
26–50 percent	86	93	95	89	78	50	76	27
51–75 percent	86	88	92	90	84	54	77	25
More than 75 percent	90	91	93	91	86	55	84	26

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	90	88	90	84	85	54	81	25
45–55 percent	88	91	93	92	83	52	80	26
More than 55 percent	85	90	91	88	86	54	75	26

Student-to-FTE ratio⁵
Less than 12 students	89	91	92	89	84	51	80	23
12–16 students	87	90	93	93	83	56	80	27
More than 16 students	87	89	92	89	84	51	79	31

Number of classroom changes⁶
0–3 changes	92	91	88	90	82	55	82	20
4–6 changes	87	91	94	92	84	53	81	27
More than 6 changes	84	89	94	88	84	51	76	29

Regular use of law enforcement⁷
Regular use	87	91	95	93	86	60	80	32
No regular use	88	90	91	88	81	47	79	20

Number of serious discipline problems⁸
No problems	87	89	92	90	82	52	80	24
1 problem	90	94	95	92	87	55	79	26
2 problems	89	93	95	90	81	46	76	31
3 or more problems	86	95	90	90	91	64	78	34

Transfers as a percentage of enrollment⁹
Less than 6 percent	87	90	94	90	84	55	84	23
6 to less than 11 percent	85	87	92	91	82	52	81	24
11 to less than 21 percent	88	92	93	89	85	52	77	27
21 percent or more	90	91	91	91	82	53	79	28

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions¹⁰
No disruptions	88	90	92	90	83	52	79	25
Any disruptions	86	91	95	94	84	57	83	36

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	93	91	93	95	88	55	81	21
3–5 percent	89	90	92	89	83	53	81	25
6–10 percent	85	91	93	92	83	51	78	27
More than 10 percent	86	89	89	87	81	56	77	30

Prevalence of violent incidents¹¹
No violent incidents	86	85	87	87	78	45	78	21
Any violent incidents	88	92	94	91	85	55	80	27
¹ For example, social skills training.
² For example, conflict resolution, peer mediation, or student court.
³ Primary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8. Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9. High schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 12. Combined schools include all other combinations of grades, including K–12 schools.
⁴ Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
⁵ Student-to-FTE ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁶ Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁷ Respondents were asked, "During the 2007–08 school year, did you have any security guards, security personnel, or sworn law enforcement officers present at your school at least once a week?"
⁸ Serious discipline problems include student racial/ethnic tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers other than verbal abuse, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
⁹ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
¹⁰ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
¹¹ Violent incidents include rape or attempted rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because schools may have reported using more than one of these violence prevention program components. Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at the school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 2007–08 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2008.

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