Table 11. Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten whose parents reported various sources of information about child care providers, by arrangement type and child and family characteristics: 2005
Characteristic	Number of children (thousands)	Child care information source
		Friends	Place of employ- ment	Public or private school	Place of worship	Ads1	Parent/ guardian knew provider	Attended by another child in house- hold	Bulletin boards/ flyers/ drove/ walked by1	All other sources
Total	9,524	54	5	6	6	8	8	6	7	17
Arrangement type
Nonrelative	2,770	69	4	3	7	6	10	6	2	17
Center-based2	7,400	50	6	8	6	9	8	7	8	19
Child’s age
Less than 1 year	863	56	7	1	6	9	6	5	3	19
1-2 years	2,972	56	6	3	4	8	8	6	6	18
3-5 years	5,688	52	4	9	7	8	8	7	8	17
Child’s sex
Male	5,026	52	6	7	5	8	9	6	6	19
Female	4,498	56	5	6	7	8	7	6	7	16
Child’s race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	5,751	55	6	6	7	9	8	7	6	16
Black, non-Hispanic	1,518	51	3	6	3	8	9	5	10	19
Hispanic	1,420	54	3	8	4	7	6	5	9	19
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	275	56	11	10	8	7	5	3!	†	19
Other race, non-Hispanic3	559	43	4	7	6	5	11	9	7	27
Family type
Two parents	7,262	54	6	7	7	8	8	6	6	17
One parent	2,096	53	2	5	4	9	8	7	8	18
Nonparent guardian(s)	166	51	†	11!	4!	7!	10	†	†	34
Parents’ language spoken most at home4
Both/only parent(s) speak(s) English	8,602	54	5	6	6	9	8	6	7	17
One of two parents speaks English	158	38	3!	11	11!	†	7!	†	17	22
No parent speaks English	763	59	5	9	4	5	3	5	5	16
Mother’s level of education5
Less than a high school	475	41	1!	14	1!	4!	7	8	6	25
High school/GED	2,153	53	2	6	4	7	8	8	7	15
Vocational/technical or   some college	2,611	49	6	7	8	10	10	6	8	16
Bachelor’s degree	2,453	56	6	5	6	8	7	5	6	19
Graduate or professional education   or degree	1,640	61	7	5	5	8	7	7	5	18
Mother’s school enrollment status5
Enrolled	1,442	51	6	9	4	10	7	4	8	22
Not enrolled	7,889	54	5	6	6	8	8	7	7	17
Mother’s employment status5
35 or more hours per week	4,686	55	7	5	4	8	9	5	8	18
Less than 35 hours per week	2,202	57	5	6	7	8	9	6	4	15
Looking for work	417	47	†	5	†	6	5	10	10	24
Not in the labor force	2,027	49	2	11	9	9	5	8	7	18
Mother’s work shift5, 6
Regular shift	6,153	55	7	5	5	8	9	5	6	17
Variable shift	735	60	3	5	3	8	10!	5	7	18
Neighborhood conditions7
Concern regarding neighborhood   health and safety conditions	1,422	50	3	9	7	7	7	7	7	21
No concern regarding neighborhood   health and safety conditions	8,101	54	5	6	6	9	8	6	7	17
Household income
$25,000 or less	2,082	47	3	7	3	9	9	6	8	21
$25,001 to $50,000	1,926	51	6	8	8	9	11	7	7	14
$50,001 to $75,000	2,105	56	6	7	7	8	7	6	7	15
$75,001 to $100,000	1,499	59	5	5	6	7	6	4	5	20
$100,001 or more	1,912	57	5	5	7	9	7	7	6	17
Poverty status8
At or above poverty threshold	7,931	56	5	6	7	8	8	6	6	17
Below poverty threshold	1,593	44	4	6	2	10	9	7	8	22
!Interpret data with caution; coefficient of variation is 50 percent or more. †Reporting standards not met. 1"Ads" includes advertisements in newspapers, newsletters, and magazines, as well as commercials on radios and televisions. "Bulletin boards/flyers/drove/walked by" includes posters and leaflets announcing child care providers or programs that respondents walked or drove by. 2Center-based arrangements include day care centers, Head Start programs, preschools, prekindergartens, and other early childhood programs. 3"Other race, non-Hispanic" includes children who were multiracial and not of Hispanic ethnicity, or who were American Indian or Alaska Native, or were not Hispanic, White, Black, Asian, or Pacific Islander. 4Complete descriptions of the categories for parents’ language are as follows: (1) "Both/only parent(s) learned English as child(ren) or currently speak(s) English in the home," (2) "One of two parents learned English as a child or currently speaks English in the home," and (3) "No parent learned English as a child and both/only parent(s) currently speak(s) a non-English language in the home." 5Children without mothers living in the household are not included in estimates related to mother’s education, enrollment, employment status, or work shift. 6Work shifts were collapsed into two categories: regular and variable work shifts. A regular work shift is one with set hours. A variable shift is one that changes from days to evenings or nights regardless of whether the hours are set by the employer or the employee. 7Parents or guardians respond "yes" or "no" to the question: "Are there any conditions in your neighborhood that make you worried about the health or safety of ((CHILD)/any of the children) in your household?" 8Children are considered poor if they were living in households with incomes below the poverty threshold, which is a dollar amount determined by the federal government to meet the household’s needs, given its size and composition. NOTE: Estimates include all children from birth through 5 years of age, and not yet in kindergarten, with at least one weekly nonrelative or center-based care arrangement. Children with only relative care arrangement were not included because parents were not asked about the source from which they learned of arrangement. Children with multiple arrangements are included in estimates, therefore percentage may sum to more than 100. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (ECPP-NHES:2005).