Table 102.60.

Number and percentage of related children under age 18 living in poverty, by family structure and race/ethnicity: 2010 and 2020

[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Year and race/ethnicity	Number of related children living in poverty (in thousands)			Percent of related children living in poverty, by family structure
				Total, all families			Living with two parents or related householder with spouse present1			Living with female parent only or related female householder with no spouse present1			Living with male parent only or related male householder with no spouse present1
1	2			3			4			5			6
2010
Total	15,730		(223.9)	21.5		(0.31)	13.7		(0.34)	44.0		(0.72)	22.6		(1.47)
White	4,675		(134.0)	11.7		(0.33)	7.5		(0.35)	31.4		(0.99)	16.9		(1.88)
Black	4,021		(119.7)	39.3		(1.17)	21.3		(1.51)	51.8		(1.48)	36.9		(4.38)
Hispanic	5,881		(139.4)	34.5		(0.81)	27.6		(0.94)	52.8		(1.47)	27.0		(3.56)
Asian	434		(42.0)	13.7		(1.31)	11.8		(1.37)	33.0		(5.25)	‡		(†)
Pacific Islander	68		(16.2)	31.2		(6.25)	23.1		(5.25)	62.3		(13.28)	‡		(†)
American Indian/Alaska Native	150		(35.5)	33.4		(5.31)	26.9		(6.37)	42.4		(7.31)	38.8	!	(16.12)
Two or more races	501		(41.1)	22.5		(1.71)	13.8		(1.86)	39.4		(3.42)	29.3		(8.03)
2020
Total	11,265		(242.8)	15.8		(0.34)	9.6		(0.32)	35.0		(0.92)	17.4		(1.33)
White	3,395		(121.6)	9.6		(0.35)	6.0		(0.33)	27.4		(1.42)	14.2		(1.63)
Black	2,755		(132.7)	27.8		(1.32)	12.4		(1.32)	41.7		(2.08)	20.3		(3.69)
Hispanic	4,125		(142.7)	22.7		(0.78)	17.5		(0.80)	37.4		(1.77)	20.6		(3.20)
Asian	282		(38.8)	7.2		(0.97)	6.1		(1.01)	19.1		(4.48)	‡		(†)
Pacific Islander	42	!	(17.9)	17.1	!	(6.52)	18.5	!	(8.58)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
American Indian/Alaska Native	191		(39.7)	28.3		(4.03)	21.2		(4.94)	42.8		(8.16)	19.9	!	(9.73)
Two or more races	475		(47.1)	15.3		(1.46)	6.8		(1.61)	34.5		(3.87)	27.6		(7.71)

†Not applicable.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.

1 To determine family structure, children are classified by the number of parents they live with or, if no parents are present in the household, by the marital status of the householder who is related to the children.

NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the noninstitutionalized population, but this table includes only related children under age 18. Related children include all children who live in a household and are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption (except a child who is the spouse of the householder). The householder is the person (or one of the people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. Poverty status is determined by the Census Bureau using a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition. For additional information about poverty status, see https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html. Caution should be used when comparing 2020 estimates to those of prior years due to the impact that the coronavirus pandemic had on interviewing and response rates. For additional information about the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the Current Population Survey data collection, please see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar21.pdf. The data source for this table changed from the American Community Survey to the Current Population Survey for Digest 2021. Comparison should not be made with prior versions of the table. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement, 2011 and 2021. (This table was prepared February 2022.)