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| 2019 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 202.70. | Number and percentage distribution of 3- to 5-year-olds not enrolled in school and children of any age enrolled in prekindergarten through second grade, by grade level and selected maternal and household characteristics: Selected years, 2001 through 2016 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected maternal or household characteristic | 3- to 5-year-olds, not enrolled in school | Enrolled in nursery school or prekindergarten | Enrolled in kindergarten | Enrolled in first grade | Enrolled in second grade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2001 | 2005 | 2012 | 2016 | 2001 | 2005 | 2012 | 2016 | 2001 | 2005 | 2012 | 2016 | 2001 | 2005 | 2012 | 2016 | 2001 | 2005 | 2012 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of children (in thousands) |
3,990 | (3.2) | 4,156 | (5.0) | 3,250 | (90.6) | 3,158 | (127.1) | 4,586 | (#) | 4,926 | (#) | 4,994 | (103.8) | 4,932 | (130.7) | 3,831 | (#) | 3,717 | (#) | 5,710 | (115.2) | 5,336 | (149.0) | 4,333 | (#) | 4,118 | (#) | 3,944 | (136.3) | 4,199 | (188.6) | 3,934 | (#) | 3,900 | (#) | 4,192 | (151.8) | 4,069 | (155.0) | |||||
| Percentage distribution | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mother's highest level of education1 |
100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | |||||
| Less than high school | 16.4 | (1.26) | 13.8 | (1.24) | 24.4 | (1.60) | 23.0 | (2.81) | 8.0 | (0.76) | 6.8 | (0.76) | 11.4 | (1.06) | 8.4 | (1.23) | 10.7 | (1.31) | 9.5 | (1.16) | 16.9 | (1.83) | 14.1 | (2.57) | 11.7 | (1.28) | 10.0 | (1.20) | 11.1 | (1.56) | 14.6 | (2.89) | 13.5 | (1.26) | 10.3 | (1.21) | 10.1 | (1.93) | 13.2 | (2.34) | |||||
| High school/GED | 39.7 | (1.59) | 37.2 | (2.17) | 26.8 | (1.61) | 22.2 | (2.18) | 26.1 | (1.34) | 24.6 | (1.34) | 16.7 | (1.04) | 17.1 | (1.16) | 30.3 | (1.86) | 27.5 | (1.92) | 21.6 | (1.92) | 16.4 | (2.19) | 30.3 | (2.17) | 31.1 | (2.13) | 16.4 | (1.45) | 21.2 | (2.13) | 32.8 | (2.11) | 29.5 | (1.77) | 27.0 | (2.94) | 21.4 | (2.50) | |||||
| Vocational/technical or some college |
19.1 | (1.30) | 21.2 | (1.43) | 24.1 | (1.41) | 20.0 | (1.68) | 24.6 | (1.28) | 19.2 | (1.32) | 19.5 | (1.21) | 16.7 | (0.94) | 23.5 | (1.84) | 20.7 | (1.70) | 21.3 | (2.12) | 19.3 | (2.21) | 24.3 | (1.87) | 19.9 | (1.93) | 25.4 | (1.96) | 17.8 | (1.86) | 22.5 | (2.18) | 19.8 | (1.64) | 20.0 | (1.60) | 17.8 | (1.56) | |||||
| Associate's degree | 5.9 | (0.67) | 6.8 | (0.82) | 7.7 | (0.82) | 9.9 | (1.25) | 7.7 | (0.71) | 8.4 | (0.71) | 9.4 | (0.86) | 8.4 | (0.78) | 7.6 | (1.18) | 7.7 | (0.96) | 8.0 | (1.06) | 9.9 | (1.58) | 7.5 | (1.01) | 10.3 | (1.22) | 8.4 | (0.81) | 7.0 | (0.97) | 7.5 | (0.92) | 8.0 | (0.98) | 12.0 | (1.50) | 9.3 | (1.07) | |||||
| Bachelor's degree | 13.0 | (1.05) | 14.9 | (1.20) | 13.9 | (1.10) | 18.1 | (1.78) | 20.4 | (1.03) | 25.5 | (1.13) | 30.6 | (1.15) | 32.0 | (1.35) | 18.8 | (1.51) | 21.3 | (1.42) | 23.4 | (1.73) | 27.9 | (2.09) | 18.5 | (1.71) | 18.0 | (1.23) | 28.1 | (1.78) | 25.8 | (2.07) | 14.9 | (1.66) | 18.7 | (1.46) | 20.7 | (1.59) | 26.6 | (1.74) | |||||
| Graduate/professional degree |
6.0 | (0.73) | 6.1 | (0.73) | 3.1 | (0.38) | 6.9 | (0.76) | 13.2 | (0.99) | 15.5 | (0.94) | 12.4 | (0.70) | 17.3 | (0.89) | 9.1 | (1.16) | 13.4 | (1.43) | 8.7 | (0.87) | 12.5 | (1.28) | 7.7 | (1.03) | 10.6 | (1.22) | 10.6 | (0.99) | 13.7 | (1.19) | 8.8 | (1.25) | 13.6 | (1.62) | 10.1 | (0.94) | 11.7 | (1.23) | |||||
| Mother's employment status1 |
100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | |||||
| Working 35 hours/week or more |
36.7 | (1.55) | 33.5 | (1.92) | 34.2 | (2.03) | 32.5 | (2.30) | 43.7 | (1.18) | 39.4 | (1.42) | 45.3 | (1.23) | 52.6 | (1.55) | 38.9 | (1.99) | 36.9 | (2.25) | 40.4 | (2.32) | 47.2 | (2.75) | 46.1 | (2.33) | 40.7 | (2.35) | 44.2 | (1.98) | 45.6 | (2.37) | 42.3 | (2.30) | 41.2 | (2.19) | 42.6 | (2.26) | 44.2 | (2.65) | |||||
| Working less than 35 hours/week |
19.2 | (1.30) | 21.1 | (1.50) | 14.3 | (1.34) | 15.9 | (2.19) | 22.8 | (1.00) | 24.4 | (1.36) | 18.3 | (0.94) | 17.0 | (1.05) | 22.6 | (1.57) | 21.5 | (1.62) | 16.8 | (1.63) | 14.4 | (1.95) | 19.7 | (1.59) | 20.7 | (1.42) | 17.8 | (1.68) | 16.7 | (1.49) | 20.1 | (1.60) | 22.7 | (1.72) | 19.6 | (1.65) | 17.3 | (1.47) | |||||
| Looking for work | 5.7 | (0.75) | 8.7 | (1.37) | 7.6 | (1.01) | 4.9 | (0.92) | 3.9 | (0.55) | 4.0 | (0.59) | 6.7 | (0.90) | 2.6 | (0.59) | 3.9 | (0.87) | 7.3 | (1.06) | 8.2 | (1.59) | 4.7 | ! | (1.65) | 4.1 | (0.89) | 5.7 | (1.07) | 5.7 | (1.01) | 4.0 | ! | (1.24) | 5.1 | (1.09) | 4.9 | (0.82) | 3.5 | (0.58) | 5.5 | ! | (1.81) | ||
| Not in labor force | 38.4 | (1.48) | 36.8 | (1.79) | 43.9 | (2.00) | 46.8 | (2.32) | 29.6 | (1.27) | 32.2 | (1.35) | 29.7 | (1.18) | 27.8 | (1.38) | 34.7 | (2.16) | 34.3 | (1.99) | 34.6 | (2.31) | 33.7 | (3.03) | 30.1 | (2.05) | 32.8 | (1.97) | 32.3 | (2.06) | 33.6 | (2.65) | 32.5 | (2.22) | 31.2 | (1.99) | 34.4 | (2.42) | 33.0 | (2.68) | |||||
| Household income | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | |||||
| $20,000 or less | 28.6 | (1.24) | 22.2 | (1.29) | 24.0 | (1.74) | 15.2 | (1.51) | 21.2 | (0.93) | 17.3 | (1.07) | 14.0 | (0.80) | 13.8 | (1.23) | 22.6 | (1.56) | 19.3 | (1.26) | 20.8 | (1.52) | 15.5 | (2.27) | 23.1 | (1.79) | 18.2 | (1.45) | 12.6 | (1.12) | 13.3 | (1.87) | 21.8 | (1.71) | 20.1 | (1.54) | 14.8 | (1.41) | 14.1 | (1.98) | |||||
| $20,001 to $50,000 | 40.5 | (1.50) | 42.4 | (1.65) | 34.8 | (1.92) | 35.2 | (2.38) | 28.9 | (1.20) | 27.6 | (1.39) | 24.9 | (1.07) | 22.3 | (1.26) | 37.8 | (1.95) | 31.9 | (1.76) | 30.4 | (1.86) | 25.5 | (2.20) | 36.4 | (2.18) | 33.0 | (1.95) | 25.1 | (1.52) | 27.4 | (2.33) | 36.3 | (2.11) | 32.9 | (2.10) | 28.7 | (1.90) | 26.0 | (2.44) | |||||
| $50,001 to $75,000 | 18.8 | (1.31) | 19.9 | (1.24) | 17.4 | (1.46) | 20.8 | (2.02) | 21.2 | (1.09) | 20.8 | (0.97) | 18.9 | (1.02) | 13.9 | (1.07) | 20.9 | (1.68) | 18.4 | (1.46) | 13.9 | (1.34) | 18.2 | (2.02) | 18.3 | (1.41) | 20.4 | (1.84) | 19.5 | (1.73) | 15.9 | (1.57) | 19.6 | (1.80) | 20.3 | (1.56) | 18.5 | (1.51) | 15.5 | (1.83) | |||||
| $75,001 to $100,000 | 7.2 | (0.76) | 9.0 | (1.08) | 10.2 | (1.08) | 11.2 | (1.46) | 13.0 | (0.92) | 14.7 | (0.93) | 15.1 | (0.88) | 14.1 | (0.98) | 9.0 | (1.04) | 14.1 | (1.29) | 13.4 | (1.02) | 12.4 | (1.70) | 11.1 | (1.41) | 10.8 | (1.22) | 15.1 | (1.26) | 11.8 | (1.63) | 12.0 | (1.33) | 13.9 | (1.41) | 10.8 | (1.08) | 14.0 | (1.36) | |||||
| Over $100,000 | 4.9 | (0.61) | 6.4 | (0.93) | 13.7 | (1.60) | 17.6 | (1.85) | 15.7 | (0.83) | 19.7 | (1.11) | 27.1 | (1.02) | 35.9 | (1.09) | 9.6 | (0.98) | 16.3 | (1.29) | 21.5 | (1.63) | 28.4 | (2.12) | 11.0 | (1.30) | 17.6 | (1.36) | 27.8 | (1.90) | 31.6 | (2.00) | 10.3 | (1.27) | 12.8 | (1.39) | 27.3 | (1.68) | 30.4 | (2.29) | |||||
| Poverty status of household2 |
100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | 100.0 | (†) | |||||
| Poor | 27.5 | (1.24) | 25.9 | (1.53) | 33.0 | (1.79) | 23.1 | (1.77) | 19.3 | (0.94) | 17.2 | (1.10) | 17.7 | (1.00) | 16.4 | (1.25) | 22.2 | (1.67) | 21.2 | (1.53) | 28.9 | (2.16) | 20.8 | (2.63) | 23.1 | (2.00) | 20.8 | (1.47) | 17.1 | (1.46) | 19.6 | (2.14) | 21.2 | (1.70) | 22.1 | (1.50) | 22.0 | (1.76) | 18.0 | (2.18) | |||||
| Near-poor | 23.9 | (1.27) | 31.3 | (1.73) | 29.6 | (1.78) | 33.9 | (2.75) | 17.9 | (0.99) | 20.9 | (1.24) | 20.0 | (1.18) | 18.5 | (1.12) | 22.6 | (1.86) | 23.1 | (2.05) | 21.4 | (1.84) | 20.5 | (1.95) | 20.9 | (1.93) | 22.8 | (1.35) | 20.9 | (1.39) | 21.7 | (2.58) | 22.1 | (1.92) | 23.4 | (1.66) | 23.0 | (1.81) | 23.2 | (2.42) | |||||
| Nonpoor | 48.6 | (1.39) | 42.8 | (1.66) | 37.5 | (1.62) | 43.1 | (2.44) | 62.8 | (1.18) | 61.9 | (1.34) | 62.3 | (1.32) | 65.1 | (1.29) | 55.2 | (1.91) | 55.7 | (1.82) | 49.7 | (1.77) | 58.7 | (2.49) | 56.0 | (1.99) | 56.4 | (1.74) | 62.1 | (1.89) | 58.7 | (2.77) | 56.7 | (1.97) | 54.5 | (1.82) | 55.0 | (2.14) | 58.8 | (2.39) | |||||
| † Not applicable. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| # Rounds to zero. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Excludes children living in households with no mother or female guardian present. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Poor children are those whose family incomes were below the Census Bureau's poverty threshold in the year prior to data collection; near-poor children are those whose family incomes ranged from the poverty threshold to 199 percent of the poverty threshold; and nonpoor children are those whose family incomes were at or above 200 percent of the poverty threshold. The poverty threshold is a dollar amount that varies depending on a family's size and composition and is updated annually to account for inflation. In 2015, for example, the poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was $24,257. Survey respondents are asked to select the range within which their income falls, rather than giving the exact amount of their income; therefore, the measure of poverty status is an approximation. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Enrollment data include homeschooled students and ungraded students if a grade equivalent was available. For 2001 and 2005, excludes students for whom no grade equivalent was available. For 2012 and 2016, all students had a known grade level and were included. While National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) administrations prior to 2012 were administered via telephone with an interviewer, NHES:2012 and NHES:2016 used self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires that were mailed to respondents. Measurable differences between estimates for years prior to 2012 and estimates for later years could reflect actual changes in the population, or the changes could be due to the mode change from telephone to mail. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey, Before- and After-School Programs and Activities Survey, and Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (ECPP-NHES:2001, 2005, 2012, and 2016; ASPA-NHES:2001 and 2005; and PFI-NHES:2012 and 2016). (This table was prepared April 2018.) |
