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| 2018 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 207.30. | Number of kindergartners through fifth-graders and percentage whose parents reported doing education-related activities with their children in the past week, by selected child, parent, and school characteristics: 2003, 2012, and 2016 |
| [Standard errors appear in parentheses] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected child, parent, or school characteristic | Number of children (in thousands) | Percent of children whose parents reported doing education-related activities with them in the past week | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Told child a story | Did arts and crafts | Discussed family history/ ethnic heritage |
Played board games or did puzzles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2003 | 2012 | 2016 | 2003 | 2012 | 2016 | 2003 | 2012 | 2016 | 2003 | 2012 | 2016 | 2003 | 2012 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 23,887 | (55.7) | 25,331 | (137.9) | 25,085 | (167.1) | 74.9 | (0.66) | 68.8 | (0.91) | 72.0 | (0.94) | 74.9 | (0.70) | 67.0 | (0.84) | 68.8 | (1.11) | 53.1 | (0.89) | 49.4 | (1.00) | 50.8 | (0.99) | 72.9 | (0.68) | 64.0 | (0.94) | 67.4 | (1.13) |
| Sex of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 12,192 | (215.7) | 13,103 | (241.4) | 12,925 | (281.3) | 73.3 | (0.86) | 68.2 | (1.27) | 71.3 | (1.59) | 69.7 | (0.98) | 60.7 | (1.19) | 61.8 | (1.62) | 51.1 | (1.16) | 47.6 | (1.10) | 47.9 | (1.49) | 71.8 | (0.92) | 63.0 | (1.20) | 66.5 | (1.73) |
| Female | 11,695 | (207.6) | 12,228 | (234.7) | 12,160 | (221.5) | 76.6 | (0.96) | 69.5 | (1.22) | 72.8 | (1.27) | 80.2 | (1.01) | 73.8 | (1.25) | 76.3 | (1.29) | 55.1 | (1.28) | 51.2 | (1.47) | 53.9 | (1.35) | 74.1 | (1.05) | 65.2 | (1.14) | 68.2 | (1.37) |
| Race/ethnicity of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 14,419 | (155.8) | 12,600 | (173.4) | 12,190 | (262.3) | 76.0 | (0.96) | 71.9 | (0.98) | 72.8 | (1.21) | 75.4 | (0.89) | 67.5 | (1.08) | 68.3 | (1.17) | 44.7 | (1.13) | 37.3 | (1.21) | 36.7 | (1.18) | 73.8 | (0.87) | 66.6 | (1.03) | 68.2 | (1.19) |
| Black | 3,765 | (111.4) | 3,642 | (107.8) | 3,450 | (136.5) | 69.6 | (2.00) | 64.3 | (2.40) | 73.8 | (2.41) | 68.1 | (2.14) | 64.0 | (2.76) | 66.1 | (3.01) | 66.6 | (2.45) | 67.4 | (2.44) | 69.9 | (3.10) | 72.9 | (1.92) | 60.1 | (2.94) | 64.7 | (3.83) |
| Hispanic | 4,220 | (98.3) | 6,051 | (126.3) | 6,234 | (183.7) | 74.2 | (1.55) | 65.4 | (2.15) | 69.9 | (1.99) | 79.6 | (1.45) | 67.7 | (1.69) | 71.9 | (2.22) | 64.5 | (1.71) | 58.1 | (2.09) | 64.5 | (2.14) | 68.5 | (1.82) | 62.2 | (1.88) | 69.2 | (1.99) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander1 | 709 | (82.9) | 1,398 | (93.2) | 1,735 | (171.4) | 75.8 | (3.73) | 69.2 | (3.38) | 66.8 | (6.31) | 70.9 | (4.34) | 63.4 | (3.45) | 63.0 | (7.10) | 68.2 | (4.83) | 69.8 | (3.56) | 56.2 | (5.10) | 77.0 | (3.82) | 61.5 | (3.87) | 60.4 | (6.54) |
| Asian | — | (†) | 1,331 | (88.9) | 1,676 | (172.0) | — | (†) | 68.0 | (3.52) | 66.6 | (6.54) | — | (†) | 62.7 | (3.52) | 62.8 | (7.33) | — | (†) | 68.8 | (3.78) | 55.3 | (5.19) | — | (†) | 60.6 | (3.94) | 61.1 | (6.87) |
| Pacific Islander | — | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | — | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | — | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | — | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | — | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 171 | (36.3) | 228 | (54.2) | ‡ | (†) | 84.1 | (7.22) | 70.3 | (11.26) | ‡ | (†) | 77.9 | (8.06) | 76.5 | (9.66) | ‡ | (†) | 82.4 | (6.82) | 56.0 | (12.17) | ‡ | (†) | 72.6 | (10.24) | 49.7 | (11.34) | ‡ | (†) |
| Two or more races | 603 | (62.8) | 1,411 | (93.6) | 1,410 | (124.7) | 83.5 | (5.40) | 66.4 | (3.35) | 77.5 | (3.58) | 75.7 | (3.86) | 69.7 | (2.91) | 73.6 | (3.47) | 63.3 | (5.82) | 51.7 | (3.79) | 58.5 | (4.64) | 77.8 | (4.54) | 64.2 | (3.93) | 67.0 | (4.08) |
| Grade of child | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kindergarten and grade 1 | 7,823 | (32.5) | 9,219 | (140.6) | 9,130 | (174.2) | 84.5 | (0.93) | 78.0 | (1.60) | 79.1 | (1.72) | 89.3 | (0.84) | 81.2 | (1.14) | 79.2 | (2.22) | 47.7 | (1.38) | 44.4 | (1.89) | 43.9 | (2.00) | 77.5 | (1.17) | 69.3 | (1.56) | 71.9 | (2.28) |
| Grades 2 and 3 | 7,696 | (24.5) | 7,965 | (155.5) | 7,922 | (183.1) | 74.5 | (1.21) | 66.9 | (1.51) | 72.6 | (1.68) | 74.0 | (1.12) | 66.7 | (1.54) | 69.3 | (1.57) | 54.7 | (1.34) | 52.1 | (1.53) | 52.5 | (1.88) | 72.7 | (1.09) | 65.5 | (1.44) | 68.1 | (1.99) |
| Grades 4 and 5 | 8,368 | (30.1) | 8,146 | (130.5) | 8,033 | (167.3) | 66.4 | (1.20) | 60.2 | (1.55) | 63.4 | (1.55) | 62.2 | (1.36) | 51.2 | (1.45) | 56.6 | (1.56) | 56.5 | (1.42) | 52.3 | (1.44) | 56.9 | (1.59) | 68.9 | (1.18) | 56.6 | (1.50) | 61.4 | (1.62) |
| Language spoken most at home by child2 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| English | 21,595 | (104.8) | 21,763 | (198.7) | 20,716 | (269.5) | 75.4 | (0.73) | 69.4 | (1.00) | 73.2 | (0.92) | 74.4 | (0.72) | 67.2 | (0.81) | 68.5 | (1.11) | 51.5 | (0.93) | 46.8 | (1.13) | 47.2 | (1.06) | 73.7 | (0.73) | 64.0 | (1.06) | 67.0 | (1.08) |
| Spanish | 1,272 | (69.2) | 1,145 | (78.2) | 1,438 | (151.4) | 65.6 | (2.85) | 56.4 | (5.08) | 62.3 | (5.94) | 81.7 | (2.16) | 70.7 | (3.63) | 66.5 | (5.88) | 60.2 | (3.11) | 64.7 | (4.04) | 70.9 | (5.69) | 58.1 | (3.10) | 60.2 | (4.36) | 69.7 | (5.49) |
| English and Spanish equally | 559 | (47.9) | 1,310 | (104.9) | 1,398 | (117.1) | 76.6 | (3.83) | 68.7 | (4.01) | 69.0 | (4.54) | 78.7 | (3.88) | 64.5 | (4.01) | 78.3 | (3.78) | 77.3 | (4.18) | 64.0 | (3.84) | 75.9 | (4.22) | 75.2 | (3.73) | 67.0 | (3.51) | 72.8 | (4.14) |
| English and other language equally | ‡ | (†) | 705 | (60.9) | 1,038 | (176.8) | ‡ | (†) | 74.6 | (3.94) | 66.0 | (8.87) | ‡ | (†) | 66.9 | (4.78) | 66.9 | (9.27) | ‡ | (†) | 72.2 | (4.54) | 63.3 | (8.85) | ‡ | (†) | 68.2 | (3.67) | 63.8 | (8.86) |
| Other language | 375 | (60.5) | 335 | (68.9) | 415 | (91.7) | 81.7 | (6.95) | 66.1 | (9.93) | 77.6 | (7.42) | 76.7 | (4.81) | 55.2 | (10.98) | 70.1 | (7.17) | 75.1 | (6.13) | 63.1 | (11.51) | 47.6 | (8.04) | 74.8 | (7.43) | 65.5 | (11.12) | 66.9 | (10.08) |
| Highest education level of parents/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| guardians in the household3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than high a school diploma | 1,664 | (120.3) | 2,933 | (115.7) | 2,690 | (173.3) | 67.2 | (3.16) | 65.0 | (3.19) | 59.6 | (5.53) | 74.8 | (3.20) | 67.2 | (3.32) | 66.1 | (4.93) | 60.4 | (2.98) | 60.7 | (3.45) | 59.6 | (5.02) | 66.8 | (3.16) | 61.7 | (3.09) | 59.3 | (5.46) |
| High school diploma/equivalent (e.g., GED) |
5,604 | (163.6) | 4,898 | (146.9) | 4,819 | (168.4) | 71.3 | (1.59) | 65.7 | (2.45) | 72.4 | (2.45) | 75.5 | (1.32) | 70.3 | (2.50) | 71.4 | (2.76) | 54.9 | (1.91) | 50.8 | (2.04) | 56.1 | (3.27) | 73.2 | (1.39) | 64.8 | (2.32) | 68.8 | (2.40) |
| Vocational/technical or some college |
5,466 | (189.4) | 5,044 | (129.5) | 4,043 | (166.7) | 75.9 | (1.54) | 69.1 | (1.56) | 70.3 | (2.32) | 76.2 | (1.51) | 64.4 | (1.87) | 68.9 | (2.33) | 50.8 | (1.75) | 47.0 | (1.90) | 49.0 | (2.44) | 71.6 | (1.58) | 63.9 | (1.72) | 70.8 | (2.05) |
| Associate's degree | 2,320 | (139.6) | 2,617 | (141.8) | 2,392 | (138.2) | 76.0 | (2.00) | 67.0 | (3.80) | 71.6 | (2.57) | 73.6 | (2.47) | 66.0 | (2.45) | 72.2 | (2.69) | 50.9 | (3.16) | 44.6 | (3.22) | 51.5 | (3.36) | 70.1 | (2.50) | 57.9 | (3.69) | 67.1 | (2.70) |
| Bachelor's degree/some graduate school |
5,214 | (179.1) | 6,485 | (152.8) | 6,688 | (198.9) | 77.3 | (1.60) | 71.3 | (1.37) | 76.0 | (1.47) | 74.0 | (1.48) | 66.8 | (1.47) | 68.4 | (1.72) | 47.3 | (1.74) | 45.6 | (1.49) | 46.3 | (1.98) | 75.8 | (1.27) | 65.1 | (1.67) | 67.8 | (1.76) |
| Graduate/professional degree | 3,618 | (149.8) | 3,354 | (69.8) | 4,452 | (110.9) | 78.6 | (1.64) | 72.7 | (1.41) | 75.0 | (1.64) | 73.9 | (1.72) | 67.3 | (1.41) | 66.4 | (1.66) | 60.1 | (2.16) | 51.9 | (1.74) | 47.8 | (1.76) | 74.9 | (1.82) | 67.8 | (1.39) | 67.0 | (1.87) |
| Family income (in current dollars) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $20,000 or less | 4,418 | (150.4) | 3,838 | (112.7) | 3,324 | (160.2) | 73.9 | (1.61) | 68.7 | (1.81) | 65.6 | (3.67) | 76.0 | (1.87) | 71.4 | (2.08) | 67.1 | (3.82) | 61.6 | (2.05) | 54.3 | (2.17) | 57.9 | (3.38) | 73.3 | (1.70) | 61.7 | (2.22) | 64.7 | (3.81) |
| $20,001 to $50,000 | 7,857 | (230.1) | 7,166 | (155.7) | 6,535 | (154.9) | 74.0 | (1.31) | 68.6 | (1.87) | 70.6 | (1.94) | 75.3 | (1.05) | 68.1 | (1.86) | 70.3 | (2.41) | 53.5 | (1.59) | 53.6 | (2.07) | 55.4 | (2.38) | 72.3 | (1.45) | 63.6 | (1.80) | 67.4 | (2.16) |
| $50,001 to $75,000 | 5,024 | (187.5) | 4,380 | (123.2) | 4,159 | (140.3) | 74.9 | (1.53) | 68.5 | (2.31) | 71.9 | (2.17) | 75.3 | (1.55) | 67.5 | (1.86) | 68.8 | (2.31) | 49.6 | (1.99) | 47.7 | (2.35) | 54.7 | (3.01) | 72.1 | (1.51) | 63.3 | (2.35) | 68.1 | (2.64) |
| $75,001 to $100,000 | 3,044 | (127.1) | 3,279 | (81.0) | 3,277 | (99.8) | 74.7 | (2.02) | 68.4 | (2.03) | 75.1 | (2.30) | 71.2 | (1.98) | 64.7 | (2.13) | 68.4 | (2.78) | 48.8 | (2.28) | 46.3 | (2.46) | 46.4 | (2.39) | 73.3 | (2.30) | 65.6 | (2.29) | 65.8 | (2.46) |
| Over $100,000 | 3,543 | (139.6) | 6,668 | (133.0) | 7,790 | (166.4) | 78.6 | (1.52) | 69.4 | (1.35) | 74.7 | (1.48) | 75.1 | (1.87) | 64.1 | (1.62) | 68.6 | (1.53) | 50.1 | (1.93) | 44.5 | (1.48) | 43.8 | (1.58) | 74.7 | (1.81) | 65.5 | (1.50) | 68.7 | (1.39) |
| Poverty status4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poor | 4,396 | (162.4) | 5,489 | (157.3) | 4,771 | (191.4) | 73.2 | (1.67) | 68.6 | (2.15) | 67.3 | (2.87) | 76.9 | (1.85) | 72.0 | (2.01) | 68.2 | (2.85) | 60.9 | (2.13) | 57.6 | (2.64) | 55.8 | (2.72) | 72.4 | (1.88) | 61.7 | (2.29) | 66.8 | (3.08) |
| Near-poor | 5,332 | (218.0) | 5,495 | (162.0) | 5,470 | (231.4) | 74.3 | (1.30) | 68.3 | (1.88) | 70.6 | (2.37) | 76.7 | (1.24) | 67.5 | (1.63) | 70.6 | (2.44) | 53.3 | (1.79) | 49.8 | (2.18) | 57.4 | (2.73) | 73.6 | (1.85) | 63.3 | (1.71) | 66.6 | (2.68) |
| Nonpoor | 14,159 | (182.1) | 14,346 | (167.4) | 14,843 | (209.6) | 75.7 | (0.85) | 69.0 | (1.07) | 74.1 | (1.02) | 73.6 | (0.92) | 64.9 | (0.98) | 68.4 | (1.11) | 50.6 | (1.11) | 46.1 | (1.09) | 46.8 | (1.19) | 72.8 | (0.87) | 65.2 | (1.16) | 67.8 | (1.09) |
| Control of school | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public | 21,004 | (140.8) | 22,797 | (186.8) | 22,626 | (195.3) | 75.0 | (0.68) | 68.2 | (1.04) | 71.3 | (1.00) | 75.2 | (0.72) | 67.0 | (0.89) | 68.2 | (1.25) | 52.4 | (0.98) | 49.6 | (1.07) | 50.7 | (1.06) | 73.4 | (0.74) | 63.7 | (1.04) | 67.4 | (1.24) |
| Private | 2,882 | (127.8) | 2,534 | (113.4) | 2,389 | (134.3) | 74.2 | (2.09) | 73.7 | (2.08) | 78.7 | (2.48) | 72.1 | (1.94) | 67.0 | (2.45) | 75.3 | (2.31) | 58.1 | (2.17) | 47.0 | (2.75) | 51.3 | (3.22) | 69.1 | (1.99) | 67.2 | (2.25) | 66.8 | (2.71) |
| Locale of household5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City | — | (†) | 7,473 | (195.8) | 8,376 | (308.6) | — | (†) | 68.7 | (1.64) | 73.2 | (1.98) | — | (†) | 68.1 | (1.55) | 69.6 | (2.23) | — | (†) | 54.8 | (1.69) | 57.0 | (1.99) | — | (†) | 64.1 | (1.72) | 66.9 | (2.33) |
| Suburban | — | (†) | 9,418 | (211.3) | 10,797 | (275.6) | — | (†) | 72.1 | (1.37) | 72.6 | (1.35) | — | (†) | 67.6 | (1.23) | 69.7 | (1.36) | — | (†) | 49.9 | (1.59) | 52.5 | (1.48) | — | (†) | 65.2 | (1.44) | 68.1 | (1.26) |
| Town | — | (†) | 2,483 | (167.3) | 2,019 | (128.8) | — | (†) | 64.8 | (4.83) | 71.0 | (2.64) | — | (†) | 67.4 | (3.35) | 64.2 | (3.70) | — | (†) | 48.5 | (3.24) | 42.8 | (3.62) | — | (†) | 57.6 | (3.38) | 65.0 | (3.20) |
| Rural | — | (†) | 5,956 | (191.3) | 3,893 | (189.6) | — | (†) | 65.3 | (1.45) | 68.4 | (2.45) | — | (†) | 64.7 | (1.54) | 67.3 | (2.42) | — | (†) | 42.2 | (1.75) | 36.9 | (2.28) | — | (†) | 64.8 | (1.45) | 67.4 | (2.24) |
| —Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 The 2003 questionnaire included a single item for "Asian or Pacific Islander," whereas questionnaires for later years included one item for Asian and a separate item for Pacific Islander. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 The 2012 and 2016 questionnaires included an item specifying that the child was not able to speak. Children who were not able to speak are excluded from this analysis. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 In 2003, education level was not collected for the second parent in a same sex couple. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Poor children are those whose family incomes were below the Census Bureau's poverty threshold in the year prior to data collection; near-poor children are those whose family incomes ranged from the poverty threshold to 199 percent of the poverty threshold; and nonpoor children are those whose family incomes were at or above 200 percent of the poverty threshold. The poverty threshold is a dollar amount that varies depending on a family's size and composition and is updated annually to account for inflation. In 2015, or example, the poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was $24,257. Survey respondents are asked to select the range within which their income falls, rather than giving the exact amount of their income; therefore, the measure of poverty status is an approximation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Based on zip code of the household. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: While National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES) administrations prior to 2012 were administered via telephone with an interviewer, NHES:2012 and NHES:2016 used self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires that were mailed to respondents. Measurable differences between estimates for years prior to 2012 and estimates for later years could reflect actual changes in the population, or the changes could be due to the mode change from telephone to mail. The respondent was the parent most knowledgeable about the child's education. Responding parents reported on their own activities and the activities of their spouse/other adults in the household. Unless otherwise noted, all information is based on parent reports. Excludes homeschooled children. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHES:2003, 2012, and 2016). (This table was prepared April 2019.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
