Table 603.80.

Percentage of graduate degrees awarded in mathematics, science, and engineering, by field of study and country: Selected years, 1990 through 2011

Country	All mathematics, science, and engineering degrees1							Natural sciences2							Mathematics and computer science3							Engineering, manufacturing, and construction
	1990	1996	2000	2005	2009	2010	2011	1990	1996	2000	2005	2009	2010	2011	1990	1996	2000	2005	2009	2010	2011	1990	1996	2000	2005	2009	2010	2011
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29
OECD average4	—	—	27.9	24.3	22.6	23.2	23.4	—	—	10.1	8.3	6.9	6.6	6.6	—	—	5.3	4.9	4.2	4.4	4.6	—	—	12.9	11.4	11.7	12.4	12.5
Australia	—	14.0	15.2	20.0	18.9	18.8	19.8	—	5.4	4.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1	—	3.8	4.9	8.7	7.6	7.1	7.7	—	4.7	6.3	8.1	8.3	8.7	9.0
Austria	37.7	38.8	39.2	38.6	33.4	31.8	33.4	12.3	17.5	16.7	15.0	7.6	6.4	6.8	4.6	4.7	4.7	6.6	10.8	9.4	8.8	20.8	16.6	17.7	16.9	14.9	16.0	17.8
Belgium	—	—	19.7	18.7	21.2	22.1	21.4	—	—	—	9.3	5.7	5.3	5.2	—	—	—	3.3	3.2	2.5	2.5	—	—	7.0	6.2	12.3	14.3	13.7
Canada	20.0	22.3	22.4	18.8	26.0	26.0	23.9	7.8	7.7	7.4	5.0	10.1	10.1	9.3	3.4	3.5	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.7	8.8	11.2	10.9	9.8	11.9	11.9	10.9
Chile	—	—	—	8.5	7.9	10.5	8.2	—	—	—	2.2	2.1	2.8	2.0	—	—	—	1.6	2.2	2.2	2.2	—	—	—	4.6	3.6	5.5	4.0
Czech Republic	(5)	—	21.0	26.1	26.9	29.4	27.3	(5)	—	5.3	8.3	6.5	6.2	5.8	(5)	—	7.9	5.6	3.9	4.2	4.2	(5)	—	7.7	12.3	16.5	19.0	17.3
Denmark	22.2	12.3	27.8	23.4	23.3	24.5	25.2	5.8	3.1	9.8	7.5	5.7	5.5	5.1	4.8	1.5	2.5	9.2	7.9	9.0	8.4	11.6	7.8	15.4	6.7	9.7	10.0	11.6
Estonia	(5)	—	—	23.9	27.3	28.0	28.8	(5)	—	—	10.0	8.3	9.3	8.6	(5)	—	—	5.0	5.7	6.5	6.7	(5)	—	—	8.9	13.3	12.3	13.5
Finland	30.6	28.3	28.7	30.5	34.3	39.8	28.4	14.7	11.6	11.3	11.6	5.8	5.1	6.3	5.4	4.0	2.4	4.1	3.7	3.7	4.6	10.5	12.7	14.9	14.8	24.8	30.8	17.3
France	—	—	26.4	28.4	28.0	—	—	—	—	13.5	12.5	11.0	—	—	—	—	5.6	7.0	6.7	—	—	—	—	7.3	8.9	10.3	—	—
Germany	33.2	38.6	38.1	30.9	32.2	33.1	34.8	23.5	25.5	24.9	14.8	14.7	14.4	13.7	2.3	3.5	3.7	4.8	6.1	7.3	7.2	7.4	9.5	9.5	11.3	11.4	11.5	13.8
Greece	—	—	—	42.8	—	31.9	32.2	—	—	—	22.3	—	6.8	7.2	—	—	—	5.3	—	13.1	11.9	—	—	—	15.2	—	11.9	13.0
Hungary	—	—	9.9	6.4	10.0	9.5	14.1	—	—	1.7	1.8	2.8	2.6	4.2	—	—	0.7	1.7	1.2	1.3	1.5	—	—	7.5	2.9	6.0	5.6	8.4
Iceland	—	—	35.9	23.0	12.7	14.0	—	—	—	19.4	9.5	4.6	5.8	—	—	—	#	3.0	0.9	0.9	—	—	—	16.5	10.5	7.2	7.3	—
Ireland	34.5	23.1	28.1	16.8	16.3	17.3	18.9	19.5	10.9	6.9	4.1	5.1	3.4	4.3	5.8	3.0	15.2	6.3	6.2	7.1	7.2	9.3	9.2	6.0	6.4	5.1	6.8	6.7
Israel	—	—	18.1	17.9	18.4	16.7	15.4	—	—	9.2	8.9	8.8	8.2	7.5	—	—	2.8	3.2	3.2	3.0	2.7	—	—	6.1	5.9	6.3	5.5	5.2
Italy	—	—	11.7	15.9	—	—	21.2	—	—	0.3	3.5	—	—	5.2	—	—	5.8	3.5	—	—	2.1	—	—	5.7	8.9	—	—	13.8
Japan	—	—	54.4	50.9	46.8	46.4	46.6	9.5	10.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	45.1	44.4	41.9	38.0	34.7	34.5	34.8
Korea, Republic of	—	—	48.4	43.9	24.2	24.1	26.0	—	—	8.5	9.5	4.7	4.7	5.1	—	—	5.7	2.0	1.4	1.6	1.7	—	—	34.3	32.4	18.1	17.8	19.1
Mexico	—	—	—	14.7	12.1	12.7	11.8	—	—	—	3.3	2.9	4.2	3.4	—	—	—	3.2	2.3	1.5	1.3	—	—	—	8.2	6.9	7.0	7.2
Netherlands	28.9	18.6	—	21.3	15.1	15.5	14.4	17.7	4.4	—	—	—	—	—	1.5	3.7	—	—	—	—	—	9.7	10.6	—	11.9	7.9	8.3	7.7
New Zealand	22.6	16.7	20.5	16.6	20.1	20.2	22.1	13.8	12.7	11.6	7.2	9.6	9.1	9.5	4.7	1.1	1.4	5.2	4.6	4.1	4.7	4.0	3.0	7.5	4.2	5.9	6.9	7.9
Norway	33.4	38.3	22.0	25.8	19.1	19.8	21.6	8.0	8.7	14.9	7.8	—	—	—	2.1	1.9	4.6	11.9	—	—	—	23.3	27.7	2.5	6.1	4.3	6.4	7.4
Poland	—	—	—	9.1	11.5	11.4	11.3	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	3.5	6.5	6.5	6.4
Portugal	—	—	—	33.8	32.7	31.3	26.8	—	—	—	12.0	7.2	7.2	6.7	—	—	—	10.0	2.3	2.0	2.0	—	—	—	11.9	23.2	22.1	18.1
Slovak Republic	(5)	—	38.1	36.8	25.4	22.5	21.6	(5)	—	12.6	10.8	5.3	4.9	4.3	(5)	—	4.7	4.2	3.7	3.4	3.6	(5)	—	20.9	21.8	16.5	14.2	13.8
Slovenia	(5)	—	—	24.2	18.2	22.9	17.0	(5)	—	—	6.4	6.1	9.5	4.0	(5)	—	—	4.2	2.4	2.5	2.9	(5)	—	—	13.6	9.7	10.9	10.1
Spain	26.9	36.0	—	—	24.5	23.2	22.6	19.7	24.8	—	—	12.3	9.7	10.2	1.4	4.1	—	—	3.5	3.4	3.8	5.7	7.1	—	—	8.7	10.1	8.6
Sweden	48.5	32.3	40.5	23.7	32.0	40.1	43.1	19.4	9.2	14.3	8.0	8.3	9.1	9.7	9.2	5.9	4.0	2.8	5.2	5.5	6.0	19.9	17.1	22.2	12.9	18.5	25.6	27.4
Switzerland	30.2	40.1	42.7	32.0	29.5	25.2	25.6	22.0	25.8	11.7	11.7	12.5	10.6	10.5	1.7	4.1	19.5	3.4	3.9	2.9	2.9	6.5	10.1	11.6	16.9	13.1	11.8	12.2
Turkey	24.0	—	25.7	21.4	18.3	16.5	25.9	7.6	—	7.6	6.7	5.3	5.0	10.2	3.3	—	3.0	3.4	3.0	2.9	4.1	13.2	—	15.2	11.2	9.9	8.6	11.6
United Kingdom	—	—	21.7	20.3	20.4	21.4	21.9	—	—	7.4	5.5	5.8	5.6	5.6	—	—	5.0	5.7	4.8	5.3	5.5	—	—	9.2	9.0	9.8	10.6	10.8
United States	14.5	13.8	13.0	13.5	13.1	13.0	13.3	4.2	4.0	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.1	3.2	6.9	6.7	6.2	6.7	6.5	6.4	6.7

—Not available.

#Rounds to zero.

1 Includes life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics/statistics, computer science, and engineering, manufacturing, and construction.

2 Includes life sciences and physical sciences.

3 Includes mathematics/statistics and computer science.

4 Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally. The average includes all current OECD countries for which a given year's data are available, even if they were not members of OECD in that year. However, if data were reported for less than 75 percent of the countries, the average for that year is omitted.

5 Country did not exist in its current form in the given year.

NOTE: Data in this table refer to degrees classified as International Standard Classification of Education 1997 (ISCED:97) level 5A, second award, and as ISCED:97 level 6. ISCED:97 level 5A, second award, corresponds to master's and first-professional degrees in the United States, and ISCED:97 level 6 corresponds to doctor's degrees. Data for Luxembourg are not shown because students generally attend no more than 1 year of higher education in Luxembourg and must complete their degrees in other countries. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database, retrieved July 21, 2014, from http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx; and unpublished tabulations. (This table was prepared July 2014.)