Table 14. Percentage of public schools reporting that specified actions other than removals, transfers and suspensions were available as disciplinary actions, by selected school characteristics: 1999

School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS)

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Table 14. Percentage of public schools reporting that specified actions other than removals, transfers and suspensions were available as disciplinary actions, by selected school characteristics: 1999–2000

School characteristic	Referral to school counselor	Assigned to program to reduce disciplinary problems during school hours	Assigned to program to reduce disciplinary problems outside of school hours	Kept off school bus due to misbehavior	Corporal punishment	Put on school probation	Detention and/or Saturday school	Loss of student privileges	Require participation in community service
All public schools	94	69	51	94	26	81	75	97	46

Level
Elementary	92	67	46	93	24	76	65	96	40
Middle	98	78	58	97	28	88	89	98	51
Secondary	99	71	61	95	26	91	93	98	61
Combined	94	61	46	95	37	86	89	98	52

Enrollment size
Less than 300	89	62	50	93	30	82	74	96	44
300–499	95	66	46	95	31	79	73	98	39
500–999	96	73	51	94	23	81	73	97	49
1,000 or more	98	81	63	93	15	89	87	94	56

Urbanicity
City	94	74	54	90	20	79	72	96	50
Urban fringe	94	69	48	92	15	79	74	97	43
Town	97	73	52	96	41	87	77	98	46
Rural	93	64	50	98	36	83	77	97	45

Crime level where students live ¹
High	93	74	54	86	11	75	63	93	42
Moderate	92	74	52	92	34	88	74	97	44
Low	95	67	50	95	25	80	76	97	46
Mixed	92	72	52	93	26	79	74	95	47

Percent minority enrollment¹
0–5 percent	96	68	55	97	26	81	78	97	45
6–20 percent	96	65	42	96	22	82	75	98	46
21–50 percent	95	73	48	96	31	83	75	97	45
More than 50 percent	90	72	54	87	26	79	69	94	47

Percent of students eligible for free/reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	96	68	49	93	15	82	79	98	54
21–50 percent	96	69	49	98	27	81	76	97	42
More than 50 percent	91	71	53	91	33	81	70	95	43

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	95	69	47	92	28	79	75	97	45
6–15 percent	95	68	52	97	26	82	76	97	46
More than 15 percent	91	71	53	91	23	82	74	96	46

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	90	70	53	92	30	83	73	95	39
36–60 percent	95	68	48	95	30	81	77	96	47
More than 60 percent	97	71	51	94	18	80	74	98	50

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	98	67	54	92	29	83	81	95	40
26–50 percent	89	66	51	95	26	83	75	95	41
51–75 percent	95	69	48	94	27	80	75	98	45
More than 75 percent	95	72	52	94	24	81	73	97	50

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	93	76	57	91	25	82	74	94	49
45–55 percent	95	69	49	94	25	81	76	97	45
More than 55 percent	91	67	55	94	34	80	71	98	49

Student/teacher ratio¹,²
Less than 12	94	69	49	95	31	82	76	98	47
12–16	95	70	51	94	30	82	75	95	45
More than 16	92	71	53	93	15	80	73	98	45

Number of classroom changes¹
0–3 changes	91	69	48	90	22	79	64	94	42
4–6 changes	94	68	50	94	28	80	74	97	43
More than 6 changes	98	73	55	97	26	85	86	98	53

Use of paid law enforcement ³
Regular use	96	73	56	94	27	84	79	96	49
No regular use	92	65	45	93	25	78	70	97	42

Number of serious discipline problems ⁴
No problems	93	66	48	94	28	79	69	96	44
1 problem	98	72	55	93	23	82	81	97	47
2 problems	94	74	52	93	27	86	80	98	51
3 or more problems	92	75	53	93	21	86	84	97	47

Transfers as percentage of enrollment¹,⁵
0 to 6 percent	96	66	51	93	24	79	78	97	51
6 to 11 percent	95	71	54	96	26	85	75	97	51
11 to 21 percent	92	70	49	94	30	80	74	97	43
21 percent or more	93	69	49	93	25	82	73	97	37

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions¹,⁶
No disruptions	94	69	50	94	25	81	73	97	45
Any disruptions	97	76	57	94	25	90	81	98	52

Percent of students absent without excuses
None	97	67	47	93	20	79	74	99	44
1–2 percent	93	68	49	95	29	82	76	96	46
3–5 percent	92	70	53	94	28	84	72	97	44
6–10 percent	98	75	56	93	21	81	78	95	49
More than 10 percent	93	70	47	88	22	76	81	96	54

Prevalence of violent incidents¹,⁷
No violent incidents	92	64	46	90	29	75	63	96	41
Any violent incidents	95	71	52	95	25	84	79	97	48
¹ Some schools are omitted from these categories because of missing data on their school characteristics. For this reason, the detailed results do not sum to the totals. See appendix J of 2000 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) Detailed Data Documentation (NCES 2004-307) for further information.
² Student/teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time equivalent teachers. The total number of full-time equivalent teachers is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers, including special education teachers, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
³ Schools were included as regularly using paid law enforcement if they reported the use of paid law enforcement during any of the following times: at any time during school hours, while students were arriving or leaving, at selected school activities (e.g., athletic and social events, open houses, science fairs), or at any other time that the respondent specified.
⁴ Serious discipline problems is a count of discipline problems reported by principals. These discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, and student acts of disrespect for teachers. If a principal reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems. Undesirable gang activities and undesirable cult or extremist group activities were also counted once as a problem if the principal reported that these events occurred at all in their school.
⁵ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school, divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
⁶ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as bomb threats or anthrax threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
⁷ Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. "At school/at your school" was defined for respondents as including activities happening in school buildings, on school grounds, on school buses, and at places that are holding school-sponsored events or activities. Respondents were instructed to, unless the survey specified otherwise, only respond for those times that were during normal school hours or when school activities/events were in session. Elementary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8. Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9. Secondary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 12. Combined schools include all other combinations of grades, including K–12 schools.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2000.

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