- Surveys & Programs
- Data & Tools
- Fast Facts
- News & Events
- Publications & Products
- About Us
(55KB)| Table 417. | Average fourth-grade science scores overall and in content and cognitive domains, yearly science instructional time, and science instructional time as a percentage of total instructional time, by country: 2007 |
| Country or other jurisdiction | Average score | Students' average hours per year of science instruc-tional time | Science instruc- tional time as a percent of total instructional time | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Science overall | Content domain1 | Cognitive domain2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Life science | Physical science | Earth science | Knowing | Applying | Reasoning | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
| International average | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 67 | (0.4) | 8 | (#) | ||||||
| Algeria | 354 | (6.0) | 351 | (6.2) | 377 | (5.3) | 365 | (5.7) | 350 | (5.8) | 379 | (5.7) | 357 | (5.8) | 67 | 3 | (4.7) | 6 | 4 | (0.4) | ||||
| Armenia | 484 | (5.7) | 489 | (5.9) | 492 | (5.1) | 479 | (5.5) | 486 | (5.2) | 487 | (5.6) | 484 | (5.3) | 81 | (4.0) | 9 | (0.4) | ||||||
| Australia | 527 | (3.3) | 528 | (3.4) | 522 | (3.1) | 534 | (3.2) | 529 | (3.1) | 523 | (3.3) | 530 | (3.4) | 46 | 3 | (2.2) | 5 | 3 | (0.2) | ||||
| Austria | 526 | (2.5) | 526 | (2.0) | 514 | (2.4) | 532 | (1.9) | 529 | (2.0) | 526 | (2.2) | 513 | (2.3) | 92 | (1.0) | 12 | (0.1) | ||||||
| Chinese Taipei | 557 | (2.0) | 541 | (2.1) | 559 | (2.5) | 553 | (1.9) | 536 | (2.5) | 556 | (2.1) | 571 | (2.4) | 79 | 3 | (1.5) | 9 | 4 | (0.2) | ||||
| Colombia | 400 | (5.4) | 408 | (5.2) | 411 | (4.9) | 401 | (5.6) | 409 | (5.5) | 404 | (5.4) | 409 | (5.1) | 139 | 4 | (3.9) | 13 | 4 | (0.4) | ||||
| Czech Republic | 515 | (3.1) | 520 | (2.9) | 511 | (2.8) | 518 | (2.6) | 520 | (2.7) | 516 | (3.1) | 510 | (2.9) | 41 | 4 | (1.3) | 5 | (0.2) | |||||
| Denmark5 | 517 | (2.9) | 527 | (2.4) | 502 | (2.5) | 522 | (2.7) | 516 | (2.9) | 515 | (2.6) | 525 | (3.8) | 59 | 4 | (0.9) | 7 | 3 | (0.1) | ||||
| El Salvador | 390 | (3.4) | 410 | (3.6) | 392 | (3.8) | 393 | (3.3) | 410 | (3.9) | 393 | (3.6) | 376 | (4.0) | 135 | (3.5) | 15 | (0.5) | ||||||
| England | 542 | (2.9) | 532 | (2.7) | 543 | (2.7) | 538 | (2.9) | 543 | (2.9) | 536 | (2.7) | 537 | (2.7) | 70 | 4 | (1.7) | 7 | (0.2) | |||||
| Georgia6 | 418 | (4.6) | 427 | (3.5) | 414 | (4.0) | 432 | (5.0) | 434 | (3.8) | 424 | (4.1) | 388 | (4.9) | 35 | 4 | (2.8) | 5 | 3 | (0.5) | ||||
| Germany | 528 | (2.4) | 529 | (2.0) | 524 | (2.5) | 524 | (2.4) | 527 | (2.2) | 526 | (2.2) | 525 | (2.3) | 106 | 4 | (2.1) | 13 | 4 | (0.2) | ||||
| Hong Kong SAR7 | 554 | (3.5) | 532 | (3.5) | 558 | (3.5) | 560 | (3.2) | 546 | (3.2) | 549 | (3.0) | 561 | (4.4) | 72 | 3 | (5.2) | 7 | 3 | (0.5) | ||||
| Hungary | 536 | (3.3) | 548 | (2.8) | 529 | (3.3) | 517 | (3.5) | 540 | (3.0) | 531 | (3.2) | 529 | (3.7) | 54 | 3 | (1.5) | 8 | 3 | (0.2) | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | 436 | (4.3) | 442 | (4.4) | 454 | (4.2) | 433 | (4.1) | 437 | (4.3) | 451 | (4.3) | 436 | (4.3) | 83 | (2.4) | 12 | (0.4) | ||||||
| Italy | 535 | (3.2) | 549 | (3.0) | 521 | (3.1) | 526 | (3.0) | 530 | (3.9) | 539 | (3.1) | 526 | (3.8) | 68 | 4 | (1.4) | 6 | 4 | (0.1) | ||||
| Japan | 548 | (2.1) | 530 | (2.0) | 564 | (2.3) | 529 | (2.7) | 528 | (2.2) | 542 | (2.7) | 567 | (2.1) | 82 | (1.2) | 9 | (0.1) | ||||||
| Kazakhstan6 | 533 | (5.6) | 528 | (5.0) | 528 | (5.8) | 534 | (5.2) | 534 | (5.8) | 536 | (4.9) | 519 | (5.3) | 52 | (1.3) | 7 | (0.2) | ||||||
| Kuwait8 | 348 | (4.4) | 353 | (4.9) | 345 | (5.2) | 363 | (3.8) | 360 | (3.9) | 338 | (4.3) | 331 | (5.4) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||
| Latvia6 | 542 | (2.3) | 535 | (2.1) | 544 | (2.4) | 536 | (2.2) | 540 | (2.2) | 535 | (2.4) | 551 | (2.7) | 48 | 4 | (1.2) | 7 | 4 | (0.2) | ||||
| Lithuania6 | 514 | (2.4) | 516 | (1.8) | 514 | (1.4) | 511 | (2.5) | 511 | (1.7) | 515 | (2.8) | 524 | (2.4) | 51 | 4 | (0.6) | 8 | (0.1) | |||||
| Morocco | 297 | (5.9) | 292 | (6.8) | 324 | (5.5) | 293 | (6.2) | 291 | (5.8) | 311 | (6.3) | 318 | (5.4) | 54 | 3 | (4.2) | 5 | 3 | (0.3) | ||||
| Netherlands9 | 523 | (2.6) | 536 | (2.2) | 503 | (2.3) | 524 | (2.5) | 518 | (2.5) | 525 | (2.2) | 525 | (2.3) | 33 | 3 | (1.5) | 3 | 3 | (0.1) | ||||
| New Zealand | 504 | (2.6) | 506 | (2.5) | 498 | (2.5) | 515 | (2.6) | 511 | (2.5) | 500 | (2.4) | 505 | (2.9) | 45 | 3 | (2.5) | 5 | 3 | (0.3) | ||||
| Norway | 477 | (3.5) | 487 | (2.5) | 469 | (2.7) | 497 | (2.9) | 485 | (2.4) | 478 | (2.8) | 480 | (3.2) | 44 | 4 | (1.9) | 5 | 4 | (0.2) | ||||
| Qatar | 294 | (2.6) | 291 | (1.4) | 303 | (2.1) | 305 | (2.2) | 304 | (2.3) | 283 | (2.7) | 293 | (2.9) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ||||||
| Russian Federation | 546 | (4.8) | 539 | (4.1) | 547 | (4.6) | 536 | (4.3) | 542 | (4.8) | 546 | (4.7) | 542 | (4.6) | 40 | 3 | (1.1) | 6 | 3 | (0.2) | ||||
| Scotland5 | 500 | (2.3) | 504 | (2.2) | 499 | (1.9) | 508 | (2.5) | 511 | (2.0) | 494 | (2.4) | 501 | (2.2) | 51 | 3 | (3.1) | 5 | 4 | (0.3) | ||||
| Singapore | 587 | (4.1) | 582 | (4.1) | 585 | (3.9) | 554 | (3.3) | 587 | (4.1) | 579 | (3.7) | 568 | (3.7) | 82 | (0.9) | 9 | (0.1) | ||||||
| Slovak Republic | 526 | (4.8) | 532 | (4.0) | 513 | (4.6) | 530 | (4.8) | 527 | (4.4) | 527 | (4.4) | 513 | (4.9) | 59 | 4 | (0.7) | 7 | (0.1) | |||||
| Slovenia | 518 | (1.9) | 511 | (2.2) | 530 | (1.6) | 517 | (2.5) | 511 | (1.6) | 525 | (2.1) | 527 | (1.8) | 84 | 4 | (0.8) | 12 | 4 | (0.1) | ||||
| Sweden | 525 | (2.9) | 531 | (2.5) | 508 | (2.7) | 535 | (2.7) | 526 | (2.5) | 521 | (2.9) | 527 | (3.5) | 56 | 4 | (2.5) | 6 | 4 | (0.3) | ||||
| Tunisia | 318 | (5.9) | 323 | (5.6) | 340 | (6.4) | 325 | (5.8) | 316 | (5.9) | 329 | (6.3) | 349 | (5.3) | 71 | 3 | (2.7) | 8 | 3 | (0.3) | ||||
| Ukraine | 474 | (3.1) | 482 | (2.5) | 475 | (2.7) | 474 | (3.1) | 476 | (2.4) | 477 | (3.2) | 478 | (3.0) | 33 | (1.1) | 5 | (0.2) | ||||||
| United States5,10 | 539 | (2.7) | 540 | (2.5) | 534 | (2.3) | 533 | (2.6) | 541 | (2.3) | 533 | (2.8) | 535 | (2.6) | 89 | 4 | (2.5) | 8 | 4 | (0.2) | ||||
| Yemen | 197 | (7.2) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | — | (†) | 83 | 3 | (5.7) | 10 | 4 | (0.5) | ||||
| --–Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| #Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Life science includes characteristics and life processes of living things; life cycles, reproduction, and heredity; interaction with the environment; ecosystems; and human health. Physical science includes classification and properties of matter; physical states and changes in matter; energy sources, heat, and temperature; light and sound; electricity and magnetism; and forces and motion. Earth science includes Earth's structure, physical characteristics, and resources; Earth's processes, cycles, and history; and Earth in the solar system. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 Knowing addresses the facts, information, concepts, tools, and procedures that students need to know to function scientifically. Applying focuses on students’ ability to apply knowledge and conceptual understanding to solve problems or answer questions. Reasoning goes beyond the cognitive processes involved in solving routine problems to include more complex tasks. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 Data are available for at least 50 percent but less than 70 percent of the students. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 Data are available for at least 70 percent but less than 85 percent of the students. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after replacement schools were included. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 National Target Population does not include all of the International Target Population defined by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2007, at the beginning of the next school year. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 Nearly satisfied guidelines for sample participation rates only after replacement schools were included. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 National Defined Population covers 90 to 95 percent of National Target Population. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Implemented instructional time for science provided by teachers; total instructional time provided by schools. TIMSS scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000, with the scale average fixed at 500 and the standard deviation fixed at 100. Countries were required to sample students in the grade that corresponded to the end of 4 years of formal schooling, providing that the mean age at the time of testing was at least 9.5 years. Standard errors appear in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007, TIMSS 2007 International Science Report, by Michael O. Martin et al. (This table was prepared June 2009.) |
