Table 264.

Percentage of full-time instructional staff with tenure for degree-granting institutions with a tenure system, by academic rank, sex, and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1993-94 through 2007-08

Academic year, control and type of institution	Percent with tenure
	Total			Professor			Associate professor			Assistant professor			Instruc- tor	Lec- turer	No aca- demic rank
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
1993-94
All institutions	56.2	62.6	42.7	91.9	92.8	87.7	76.8	77.5	75.1	14.4	13.6	15.5	38.3	10.8	26.0
Public institutions	58.9	65.4	45.6	92.6	93.6	87.5	80.8	81.6	78.9	17.1	16.1	18.5	45.5	7.2	28.6
4-year	56.3	63.5	39.3	94.3	94.7	92.0	80.4	81.2	78.4	13.8	13.0	14.8	4.4	5.4	6.1
Doctoral1	54.5	62.1	35.0	94.2	94.7	90.1	81.3	82.1	79.2	7.3	6.7	8.3	2.8	2.1	5.4
Master's2	60.5	67.7	46.1	95.4	95.5	95.0	79.3	80.0	77.7	23.0	23.0	22.9	6.4	11.7	11.0
Other	51.1	56.3	40.0	88.4	88.8	86.4	76.5	77.3	74.8	22.7	22.8	22.6	4.6	15.0	6.4
2-year	69.9	75.4	63.0	80.7	83.7	75.5	84.2	86.4	81.5	47.7	51.1	44.6	68.9	39.9	65.7
Not-for-profit institutions	49.5	56.0	35.5	90.3	90.8	88.1	67.6	68.1	66.5	9.0	8.7	9.4	6.1	21.9	18.9
4-year	49.5	56.0	35.4	90.3	90.8	88.0	67.6	68.1	66.5	9.0	8.7	9.4	5.5	21.6	15.7
Doctoral1	47.6	53.5	31.9	90.5	90.8	88.5	62.5	63.4	60.0	3.7	3.7	3.7	8.9	29.2	15.4
Master's2	51.8	59.2	38.2	90.8	91.1	89.8	71.3	72.2	69.6	13.4	13.6	13.1	2.6	0.7	10.5
Other	50.4	57.4	37.2	89.4	90.4	85.1	70.6	70.9	70.2	11.9	11.9	11.9	3.9	3.4	20.0
2-year	47.9	54.5	38.5	88.0	84.3	94.3	63.8	65.1	62.7	12.0	12.3	11.9	20.0	86.7	68.6
For-profit institutions	33.8	39.0	27.8	95.2	94.1	100.0	—	—	—	‡	‡	‡	32.9	—	—
1999-2000
All institutions	53.7	59.6	43.2	92.8	93.1	91.2	76.8	76.9	76.7	11.8	11.0	12.9	34.1	3.4	18.3
Public institutions	55.9	62.0	45.6	93.9	94.4	91.9	81.0	81.2	80.7	14.1	13.1	15.4	39.8	4.1	21.2
4-year	53.2	60.3	39.3	94.2	94.6	92.5	80.8	81.0	80.3	10.0	9.5	10.6	3.9	3.0	4.0
Doctoral1	50.4	58.0	34.5	92.9	93.6	89.3	79.9	80.2	79.4	4.7	4.4	5.2	2.1	1.5	1.4
Master's2	59.1	66.0	48.0	96.9	96.9	96.8	82.7	83.0	82.1	18.1	17.8	18.5	6.4	5.9	25.3
Other	54.7	61.2	43.2	94.9	95.1	94.0	80.7	81.3	79.7	21.8	24.1	18.8	5.8	7.2	49.3
2-year	67.7	70.6	64.5	91.2	92.2	89.7	83.3	83.6	83.1	53.8	56.0	52.0	60.4	21.2	64.4
Not-for-profit institutions	48.2	54.2	36.8	90.3	90.5	89.7	68.0	67.8	68.4	7.5	6.8	8.2	1.8	1.2	7.4
4-year	48.1	54.1	36.7	90.3	90.5	89.7	68.0	67.8	68.5	7.4	6.8	8.1	1.6	1.2	4.1
Doctoral1	43.4	49.6	29.6	88.6	88.7	87.6	62.6	62.8	62.2	3.0	2.8	3.2	1.0	1.3	0.5
Master's2	52.3	59.4	41.4	91.2	91.6	90.0	72.0	73.0	70.3	12.1	11.9	12.3	0.9	0.8	22.3
Other	53.5	59.3	44.0	93.5	93.8	92.8	73.1	71.2	76.0	9.9	9.4	10.5	3.6	1.6	23.5
2-year	59.7	63.3	53.6	96.0	96.0	96.0	57.1	61.3	54.3	31.6	36.7	28.3	30.2	—	65.8
For-profit institutions	77.4	77.2	77.6	47.4	50.0	33.3	—	—	—	—	—	—	86.1	—	71.9
2005-06
All institutions	49.6	55.2	41.0	91.3	91.6	90.5	73.6	73.0	74.5	8.0	7.4	8.6	28.4	1.8	26.1
Public institutions	51.5	57.1	43.3	92.8	93.1	91.8	77.7	77.3	78.4	9.8	9.1	10.6	33.8	2.3	29.9
4-year	48.7	55.4	37.8	93.1	93.3	92.7	77.7	77.3	78.5	6.1	5.8	6.6	2.1	1.6	3.8
Doctoral1	47.2	54.2	34.5	91.6	92.0	90.1	75.9	75.7	76.4	2.7	2.6	2.8	1.2	1.3	2.1
Master's2	52.3	58.7	43.6	96.5	96.6	96.5	81.0	80.3	82.0	11.4	10.9	11.9	2.9	2.1	5.1
Other	49.1	54.0	42.2	95.4	95.0	96.2	82.6	83.0	81.9	17.6	18.3	16.8	4.9	2.3	34.3
2-year	64.1	67.2	61.2	89.5	90.7	88.2	77.9	77.8	77.9	44.1	46.8	41.8	56.2	22.4	70.3
Not-for-profit institutions	45.1	51.1	35.5	88.3	88.5	87.6	65.4	64.7	66.6	4.6	4.3	4.9	0.7	0.5	9.8
4-year	45.1	51.1	35.4	88.3	88.5	87.6	65.4	64.7	66.6	4.6	4.3	4.9	0.4	0.5	9.4
Doctoral1	40.7	47.2	28.3	86.2	86.7	84.1	57.7	57.5	58.1	1.8	1.8	1.8	0.2	0.3	1.8
Master's2	49.1	55.0	41.1	89.7	90.2	88.3	71.6	71.6	71.6	8.5	8.1	8.8	0.7	1.1	20.9
Other	52.5	57.8	44.8	92.7	92.3	93.9	74.5	73.5	75.9	5.5	5.4	5.6	0.7	1.5	45.7
2-year	45.2	50.0	41.2	86.3	91.7	81.5	69.7	92.9	52.6	15.4	8.6	20.9	34.5	‡	50.0
For-profit institutions	69.3	67.1	72.5	70.3	65.6	100.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	78.9	‡	—
2007-08
All institutions	48.8	54.5	40.4	90.6	90.9	89.6	74.0	73.7	74.6	7.8	7.4	8.2	27.8	1.4	25.2
Public institutions	50.5	56.2	42.6	92.1	92.4	91.2	77.7	77.5	78.0	9.4	8.7	10.2	33.2	1.8	29.8
4-year	47.8	54.5	37.4	92.3	92.5	91.8	77.7	77.5	78.1	5.8	5.4	6.2	2.0	1.2	4.8
Doctoral1	46.1	53.2	33.9	90.6	91.0	89.2	75.0	74.8	75.3	2.2	2.0	2.5	1.1	0.7	1.1
Master's2	51.9	58.5	43.7	97.1	97.1	97.0	83.8	83.9	83.6	12.1	11.9	12.3	3.0	1.9	6.1
Other	49.1	53.5	43.2	92.2	93.5	89.8	81.3	81.8	80.5	16.3	17.1	15.4	5.1	3.1	41.6
2-year	63.6	66.7	60.7	89.7	91.1	88.3	77.6	77.9	77.4	45.3	48.7	42.6	56.2	21.8	68.1
Not-for-profit institutions	44.7	50.9	35.2	87.5	87.9	86.4	66.8	66.2	67.9	4.7	4.8	4.6	0.6	0.3	8.5
4-year	44.7	50.9	35.2	87.5	87.9	86.4	66.8	66.2	67.9	4.7	4.7	4.6	0.4	0.3	8.2
Doctoral1	40.1	46.9	28.5	84.9	85.6	82.2	59.4	59.4	59.2	2.8	2.8	2.7	0.2	0.2	1.9
Master's2	49.8	56.1	41.7	89.9	90.5	88.4	73.7	73.9	73.4	8.3	8.9	7.8	0.7	0.6	18.0
Other	52.7	58.2	44.9	93.2	93.0	93.8	77.2	75.2	80.0	5.0	5.2	4.9	1.0	1.4	41.5
2-year	41.3	46.4	37.4	92.5	96.2	85.7	60.0	61.5	59.5	17.9	14.3	20.4	17.8	‡	51.6
For-profit institutions	51.3	58.0	42.1	77.4	77.8	76.5	23.7	35.3	8.0	16.0	23.8	10.3	77.9	‡	‡

—Not available.

‡Reporting standards not met.

1 Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor's degrees during the previous academic year.

2 Institutions that awarded 20 or more master's degrees, but less than 20 doctor's degrees, during the previous academic year.

NOTE: The coverage of this table differs from similar tables published in editions of the Digest prior to 2003. Previous tenure tabulations included only instructional staff classified as full-time faculty; this table includes all staff with full-time instructional duties, including faculty and other instructional staff. Data for 1993-94 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Beginning in 2007-08, includes institutions with fewer than 15 full-time employees; institutions with fewer than 15 employees did not report staff data prior to 2007-08. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1993-94 through 2007-08 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:93-99), Winter 2005-06, and Winter 2007-08. (This table was prepared July 2009.)