Table 375.	Federal on-budget funds for education, by level/educational purpose, agency, and program: Selected fiscal years, 1970 through 2008
[In thousands of current dollars]

Level/educational purpose, agency, and program	1970	1980	1985	19901	19951	20001	20051	20061,2	20071,2	20081,2
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
Total	$12,526,499	$34,493,502	$39,027,876	$51,624,342	$71,639,520	$85,944,203	$146,206,999	$167,965,585	$147,527,695	—
Elementary/secondary education	5,830,442	16,027,686	16,901,334	21,984,361	33,623,809	43,790,783	68,957,711	70,948,229	70,604,233	$72,839,174
Department of Education3	2,719,204	6,629,095	7,296,702	9,681,313	14,029,000	20,039,563	37,477,594	38,863,442	37,562,078	38,900,269
Education for the disadvantaged	1,339,014	3,204,664	4,206,754	4,494,111	6,808,000	8,529,111	14,635,566	14,695,815	14,486,936	15,036,258
Impact aid program4	656,372	690,170	647,402	816,366	808,000	877,101	1,262,174	1,141,455	1,162,814	1,388,915
School improvement programs5	288,304	788,918	526,401	1,189,158	1,397,000	2,549,971	7,918,091	7,463,468	7,083,651	7,447,908
Indian education	†	93,365	82,328	69,451	71,000	65,285	121,911	120,360	117,992	116,720
English Language Acquisition	21,250	169,540	157,539	188,919	225,000	362,662	667,485	616,075	728,703	797,858
Special education	79,090	821,777	1,017,964	1,616,623	3,177,000	4,948,977	10,940,312	11,836,477	11,777,258	11,771,719
Vocational and adult education	335,174	860,661	658,314	1,306,685	1,482,000	1,462,977	1,967,086	1,987,455	1,955,780	2,125,604
Education Reform—Goals 20006	†	†	†	†	61,000	1,243,479	-35,031	16,540	†	†
Hurricane Education Recovery	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	985,797	248,944	215,287
Department of Agriculture	760,477	4,064,497	4,134,906	5,528,950	8,201,294	10,051,278	12,577,265	13,412,550	14,245,994	15,207,897
Child nutrition programs7	299,131	3,377,056	3,664,561	4,977,075	7,644,789	9,554,028	11,901,943	12,660,758	13,081,994	14,401,897
McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program8	†	†	†	†	†	†	86,000	98,000	98,000	104,000
Agricultural Marketing Service—commodities9	341,597	388,000	336,502	350,441	400,000	400,000	399,322	463,792	878,000	542,000
Special milk program	83,800	159,293	15,993	18,707	(7)	(7)	(7)	(7)	(7)	(7)
Estimated education share of Forest Service permanent appropriations	35,949	140,148	117,850	182,727	156,505	97,250	190,000	190,000	188,000	160,000
Department of Commerce	†	54,816	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Local public works program—school facilities10	†	54,816	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Defense	143,100	370,846	831,625	1,097,876	1,295,547	1,485,611	1,786,253	1,755,924	1,772,293	1,816,968
Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC)	12,100	32,000	55,600	39,300	155,600	210,432	315,122	308,208	324,917	352,821
Overseas dependents schools	131,000	338,846	613,437	864,958	855,772	904,829	1,060,920	1,063,908	1,062,367	1,031,420
Domestic schools4	†	†	162,588	193,618	284,175	370,350	410,211	383,808	385,009	432,727
Department of Energy	200	77,633	23,031	15,563	12,646	†	†	†	†	†
Energy conservation for school buildings11	†	77,240	22,731	15,213	10,746	†	†	†	†	†
Pre-engineering program	200	393	300	350	1,900	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Health and Human Services	167,333	1,077,000	1,531,059	2,396,793	5,116,559	6,011,036	8,003,348	8,118,935	7,901,700	7,922,700
Head Start12	†	735,000	1,075,059	1,447,758	3,534,000	5,267,000	6,842,348	6,851,235	6,888,000	6,878,000
Payments to states for Aid for Families with Dependent Children   (AFDC) work programs13	†	†	†	459,221	953,000	15,000	—	—	—	—
Social Security student benefits14	167,333	342,000	456,000	489,814	629,559	729,036	1,161,000	1,267,700	1,013,700	1,044,700
Department of Homeland Security	†	†	†	†	†	†	500	511	500	618
Tuition assistance for educational accreditation—Coast Guard personnel15	†	†	†	†	†	†	500	511	500	618
Department of the Interior	140,705	318,170	389,810	445,267	493,124	725,423	938,506	928,637	728,078	763,733
Mineral Leasing Act and other funds
Payments to states—estimated education share	12,294	62,636	127,369	123,811	18,750	24,610	60,290	56,806	52,030	54,000
Payments to counties—estimated education share	16,359	48,953	59,016	102,522	37,490	53,500	79,686	124,000	71,034	74,050
Indian Education
Bureau of Indian Education schools	95,850	178,112	177,265	192,841	411,524	466,905	517,647	523,673	518,700	540,734
Johnson-O'Malley assistance16	16,080	28,081	25,675	25,556	24,359	17,387	16,510	16,371	12,000	13,782
Education construction	†	†	†	†	†	161,021	263,373	206,787	73,314	80,168
Education expenses for children of employees, Yellowstone National Park	122	388	485	538	1,000	2,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000
Department of Justice	8,237	23,890	36,117	65,997	128,850	224,800	554,500	514,300	719,600	730,000
Vocational training expenses for prisoners in federal prisons	2,720	4,966	8,292	2,066	3,000	1,000	0	1,000	6,000	6,000
Inmate programs17	5,517	18,924	27,825	63,931	125,850	223,800	554,500	513,300	713,600	724,000
Department of Labor	420,927	1,849,800	1,945,268	2,505,487	3,957,800	4,683,200	5,654,000	5,355,000	5,226,000	5,018,000
Job Corps	†	469,800	604,748	739,376	1,029,000	1,256,000	1,521,000	1,599,000	1,605,000	1,490,000
Training programs—estimated funds for education programs18	420,927	1,380,000	1,340,520	1,766,111	2,928,800	3,427,200	4,133,000	3,756,000	3,621,000	3,528,000
Department of Transportation	45	60	60	46	62	188	†	†	†	†
Tuition assistance for educational accreditation—Coast Guard personnel15	45	60	60	46	62	188	†	†	†	†
Department of the Treasury	†	935,903	273,728	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Estimated education share of general revenue sharing19
State20	†	525,019	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Local	†	410,884	273,728	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Veterans Affairs	338,910	545,786	344,758	155,351	311,768	445,052	1,815,000	1,866,000	2,300,564	2,330,000
Noncollegiate and job training programs21	281,640	439,993	224,035	12,848	†	†	†	†	†	†
Vocational rehabilitation for disabled veterans22	41,700	87,980	107,480	136,780	298,132	438,635	1,815,000	1,866,000	2,300,564	2,330,000
Dependents' education23	15,570	17,813	13,243	5,723	5,961	6,417	—	—	—	—
Service members occupational conversion training act of 1992	†	†	†	†	7,675	†	†	†	†	†
Other agencies
Appalachian Regional Commission	33,161	9,157	4,632	93	2,173	2,588	2,962	1,218	1,110	1,200
National Endowment for the Arts	†	4,989	4,399	4,641	7,117	6,002	8,470	8,058	8,825	9,689
Arts in education	†	4,989	4,399	4,641	7,117	6,002	8,470	8,058	8,825	9,689
National Endowment for the Humanities	20	330	321	404	997	812	603	0	75	100
Office of Economic Opportunity	1,072,375	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Head Start24	325,700	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Other elementary and secondary programs25	42,809	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Job Corps26	144,000	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Youth Corps and other training programs26	553,368	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA)27	6,498	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Other programs
Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia	25,748	65,714	84,918	86,579	66,871	115,230	138,710	123,653	137,416	138,000
Postsecondary education	$3,447,697	$11,115,882	$11,174,379	$13,650,915	$17,618,137	$15,008,715	$38,587,287	$57,757,738	$37,465,287	$37,968,605
Department of Education3	1,187,962	5,682,242	8,202,499	11,175,978	14,234,000	10,727,315	31,420,023	50,624,621	30,052,007	30,267,127
Student financial assistance	†	3,682,789	4,162,695	5,920,328	7,047,000	9,060,317	15,209,515	14,864,129	15,355,736	17,474,372
Federal Direct Student Loan Program	†	†	†	†	840,000	-2,862,240	3,020,992	6,842,092	5,391,146	5,609,564
Federal Family Education Loan Program	2,323	1,407,977	3,534,795	4,372,446	5,190,000	2,707,473	10,777,470	26,336,661	6,033,322	3,941,519
Higher education	1,029,131	399,787	404,511	659,492	871,000	1,530,779	2,053,288	2,058,920	2,399,892	2,694,842
Facilities—loans and insurance	114,199	-19,031	5,307	19,219	-6,000	-2,174	-1,464	-1,304	-1,671	860
College housing loans28	†	14,082	-164,061	-57,167	-46,000	-41,886	-33,521	-27,229	-20,722	0
Educational activities overseas	774	3,561	1,838	82	†	†	†	†	†	†
Historically Black Colleges and Universities Capital Financing, Program Account	†	†	†	†	†	150	169	165	318,840	18,235
Gallaudet College and Howard University	38,559	176,829	229,938	230,327	292,000	291,060	339,823	340,664	351,665	329,296
National Technical Institute for the Deaf	2,976	16,248	27,476	31,251	46,000	43,836	53,751	56,670	57,836	54,915
Hurricane Katrina, aid to institutions	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	153,853	165,963	143,524
Department of Agriculture	†	10,453	17,741	31,273	33,373	30,676	61,957	62,327	64,357	66,709
Agriculture Extension Service, Second Morrill Act payments to agricultural and mechanical colleges and Tuskegee Institute	†	10,453	17,741	31,273	33,373	30,676	61,957	62,327	64,357	66,709
Department of Commerce	8,277	29,971	2,163	3,312	3,487	3,800	—	—	—	—
Sea Grant Program29	†	3,123	2,163	3,312	3,487	3,800	—	—	—	—
Merchant Marine Academy30	6,160	14,809	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
State marine schools30	2,117	12,039	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Defense	322,100	545,000	1,041,700	635,769	729,500	1,147,759	1,858,301	1,833,446	1,846,850	1,946,352
Tuition assistance for military personnel	57,500	—	77,100	95,300	127,000	263,303	608,109	563,961	607,515	603,610
Service academies	78,700	106,100	196,400	120,613	163,300	212,678	300,760	321,920	354,528	330,156
Senior Reserve Officers Training Corps (SROTC)	108,100	—	354,000	193,056	219,400	363,461	537,525	498,165	434,687	549,633
Professional development education31	77,800	—	414,200	226,800	219,800	308,317	411,907	449,400	450,120	462,953
Department of Energy	3,000	57,701	19,475	25,502	28,027	†	†	†	†	†
University laboratory cooperative program	3,000	2,800	6,500	9,402	8,552	†	†	†	†	†
Teacher development projects	†	1,400	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Energy conservation for buildings—higher education11	†	53,501	12,705	7,459	7,381	†	†	†	†	†
Minority honors vocational training	†	†	150	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Honors research program	†	†	120	6,472	2,221	†	†	†	†	†
Students and teachers	†	†	†	2,169	9,873	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Health and Human Services	981,483	2,412,058	516,088	578,542	796,035	954,190	1,433,516	1,264,585	1,159,279	1,176,013
Health professions training programs32	353,029	460,736	212,200	230,600	298,302	340,361	581,661	420,115	302,081	318,225
Indian health manpower	†	7,187	5,577	9,508	27,000	16,000	27,000	32,000	32,000	36,000
National Health Service Corps scholarships	†	70,667	2,268	4,759	78,206	33,300	45,000	40,000	40,000	40,000
National Institutes of Health training grants33	†	176,388	217,927	241,356	380,502	550,220	756,014	748,642	761,034	756,024
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health training grants	8,088	12,899	8,760	10,461	11,660	14,198	23,841	23,828	24,164	25,764
Alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health training programs34	118,366	122,103	43,617	81,353	†	†	†	†	†	†
Health teaching facilities35	†	3,078	739	505	365	110	†	†	†	†
Social Security postsecondary students' benefits36	502,000	1,559,000	25,000	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Homeland Security	†	†	†	†	†	†	36,400	44,000	48,900	52,100
Coast Guard Academy15	†	†	†	†	†	†	16,400	22,800	23,400	23,200
Postgraduate training for Coast Guard officers37	†	†	†	†	†	†	8,700	11,400	12,800	15,000
Tuition assistance to Coast Guard military personnel15	†	†	†	†	†	†	11,300	9,800	12,700	13,900
Department of Housing and Urban Development28	114,199	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
College housing loans28	114,199	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of the Interior	31,749	80,202	125,247	135,480	159,054	187,179	249,227	165,313	176,695	186,954
Shared revenues, Mineral Leasing Act and other receipts—estimated education share	6,949	35,403	71,991	69,980	82,810	98,740	146,235	59,579	52,400	59,200
Indian programs
Continuing education	9,380	16,909	24,338	34,911	43,907	57,576	76,271	79,610	98,463	101,795
Higher education scholarships	15,420	27,890	28,918	30,589	32,337	30,863	26,721	26,124	25,832	25,959
Department of State	30,850	†	†	2,167	3,000	319,000	424,000	443,000	473,000	498,000
Educational exchange38	30,850	†	†	—	†	319,000	424,000	443,000	473,000	498,000
Mutual educational and cultural exchange activities	30,454	†	†	—	†	303,000	402,000	423,000	453,000	479,000
International educational exchange activities	396	†	†	—	†	16,000	22,000	20,000	20,000	19,000
Russian, Eurasian, and East European Research and Training	†	†	†	2,167	3,000	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Transportation	11,197	12,530	55,569	46,025	59,257	60,300	73,000	71,000	74,000	76,000
Merchant Marine Academy30	†	†	19,898	20,926	30,850	34,000	61,000	63,000	61,000	63,000
State marine schools30	†	†	19,777	8,269	8,980	7,000	12,000	8,000	13,000	13,000
Coast Guard Academy15	9,342	10,000	11,857	12,074	13,500	15,500	†	†	†	†
Postgraduate training for Coast Guard officers37	1,655	2,230	3,499	4,173	5,513	2,500	†	†	†	†
Tuition assistance to Coast Guard military personnel15	200	300	538	582	414	1,300	†	†	†	†
Department of the Treasury	†	296,750	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
General revenue sharing—estimated state share to higher education19,20	†	296,750	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Veterans Affairs	693,490	1,803,847	944,091	599,825	1,010,114	1,132,322	2,478,624	2,681,560	2,955,835	3,061,241
Vietnam-era veterans	638,260	1,579,974	694,217	46,998	†	†	†	†	†	†
College student support	†	1,560,081	679,953	39,458	†	†	†	†	†	†
Work-study	†	19,893	14,264	7,540	†	†	†	†	†	†
Service persons college support	18,900	46,617	35,630	8,911	†	†	†	†	†	†
Post-Vietnam veterans	†	922	82,554	161,475	33,596	3,958	1,136	1,275	914	804
All-volunteer-force educational assistance	†	†	196	269,947	868,394	984,068	2,070,996	2,230,022	2,227,531	2,321,489
Veterans	†	†	†	183,765	760,390	876,434	1,887,239	1,956,747	2,081,097	2,161,585
Reservists	†	†	196	86,182	108,004	107,634	183,757	273,275	146,434	159,904
Veteran dependents' education	36,330	176,334	131,494	100,494	95,124	131,296	388,719	413,136	511,793	555,369
Payments to state education agencies	†	†	†	12,000	13,000	13,000	17,773	17,657	—	—
Reserve Education Assistance Program (REAP)39	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	19,470	215,597	183,580
Other agencies
Appalachian Regional Commission	4,105	1,751	—	—	2,741	2,286	4,407	7,876	3,498	3,500
National Endowment for the Humanities	3,349	56,451	49,098	50,938	56,481	28,395	29,253	34,055	40,446	41,000
National Science Foundation	42,000	64,583	60,069	161,884	211,800	389,000	490,000	496,000	527,000	535,000
Science and engineering education programs	37,000	64,583	60,069	161,884	211,800	389,000	490,000	496,000	527,000	535,000
Sea Grant Program29	5,000	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
United States Information Agency40	8,423	51,095	124,041	181,172	260,800	†	†	†	†	†
Educational and cultural affairs38	†	49,546	21,079	35,862	13,600	†	†	†	†	†
Educational and cultural exchange programs41	†	†	101,529	145,307	247,200	†	†	†	†	†
Educational exchange activities, international	†	1,549	1,433	3	†	†	†	†	†	†
Information center and library activities	8,423	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Other programs
Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation	†	†	—	1,033	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	4,000
Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia	5,513	13,143	15,266	14,637	9,468	11,493	14,578	15,954	29,418	42,608
Harry S Truman Scholarship fund	†	-1,895	1,332	2,883	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000
Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture and Arts Development	†	†	—	4,305	13,000	2,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation	†	†	—	191	2,000	7,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000
Other education	$964,719	$1,548,730	$2,107,588	$3,383,031	$4,719,655	$5,484,571	$6,908,504	$7,074,484	$7,214,906	$7,877,791
Department of Education3	630,235	747,706	1,173,055	2,251,801	2,861,000	3,223,355	3,538,862	3,692,930	3,756,445	4,222,866
Administration	47,456	187,317	284,900	328,293	404,000	458,054	548,842	557,837	539,378	565,373
Libraries42	108,284	129,127	85,650	137,264	117,000	†	†	†	†	†
Rehabilitative services and disability research	473,091	426,886	798,298	1,780,360	2,333,000	2,755,468	2,973,346	3,115,842	3,177,031	3,603,594
American Printing House for the Blind	1,404	4,349	4,230	5,736	7,000	9,368	16,538	18,901	18,359	23,279
Trust funds and contributions	0	27	-23	148	0	465	136	350	21,677	30,620
Department of Agriculture	135,637	271,112	336,375	352,511	422,878	444,477	468,631	475,395	515,026	516,316
Extension Service	131,734	263,584	325,986	337,907	405,371	424,174	445,631	451,395	491,026	494,316
National Agricultural Library	3,903	7,528	10,389	14,604	17,507	20,303	23,000	24,000	24,000	22,000
Department of Commerce	1,226	2,479	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Maritime Administration
Training for private sector employees30	1,226	2,479	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Health and Human Services	24,273	37,819	47,195	77,962	138,000	214,000	313,000	312,000	307,000	329,000
National Library of Medicine	24,273	37,819	47,195	77,962	138,000	214,000	313,000	312,000	307,000	329,000
Department of Homeland Security	†	†	†	†	†	†	278,243	194,744	307,076	354,123
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center43	†	†	†	†	†	†	159,000	180,000	280,000	340,000
Estimated disaster relief44	†	†	†	†	†	†	119,243	14,744	27,076	14,123
Department of Justice	5,546	27,642	25,517	26,920	36,296	34,727	26,148	26,734	28,056	29,457
Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy	2,066	7,234	4,189	6,028	12,831	22,479	15,619	15,931	16,727	17,564
Federal Bureau of Investigation Field Police Academy	2,500	7,715	10,220	10,548	11,140	11,962	10,456	10,770	11,308	11,874
Narcotics and dangerous drug training	980	2,416	83	850	325	286	73	33	20	20
National Institute of Corrections	†	10,277	11,025	9,494	12,000	†	†	†	†	†
Department of State	20,672	25,000	23,791	47,539	51,648	69,349	109,309	112,014	114,120	115,000
Foreign Service Institute	15,857	25,000	23,791	47,539	51,648	69,349	109,309	112,014	114,120	115,000
Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange38	4,815	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Transportation	3,964	10,212	3,785	1,507	650	700	1,100	700	200	300
Highways training and education grants	2,418	3,412	1,500	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maritime Administration
Training for private sector employees30	†	†	1,135	1,507	650	700	1,100	700	200	300
Urban mass transportation— managerial training grants	1,546	500	1,150	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Federal Aviation Administration
Air traffic controllers second career program	—	6,300	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Department of the Treasury	18	14,584	16,160	41,488	48,000	83,000	†	†	†	†
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center43	18	14,584	16,160	41,488	48,000	83,000	†	†	†	†
Other agencies
ACTION45	†	2,833	1,761	8,472	†	†	†	†	†	†
Estimated education funds	†	2,833	1,761	8,472	†	†	†	†	†	†
Agency for International Development	88,034	99,707	141,847	170,371	260,408	299,000	574,000	566,800	629,200	640,000
Education and human resources	61,570	80,518	115,104	142,801	248,408	299,000	574,000	566,800	629,200	640,000
American schools and hospitals abroad	26,464	19,189	26,743	27,570	12,000	†	†	†	†	†
Appalachian Regional Commission	572	8,124	113	†	5,709	2,369	1,173	1,933	2,855	2,900
Corporation for National and Community Service45	†	†	†	†	214,600	386,000	472,000	503,000	395,000	515,000
Estimated education funds	†	†	†	†	214,600	386,000	472,000	503,000	395,000	515,000
Federal Emergency Management Agency46	290	281	405	215	170,400	14,894	†	†	†	†
Estimated architect/engineer student development program	40	31	155	200	—	—	†	†	†	†
Estimated other training programs47	250	250	250	15	—	—	†	†	†	†
Estimated disaster relief44	—	—	—	—	170,400	14,894	†	†	†	†
General Services Administration Libraries and other archival activities48	14,775	34,800	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Institute of Museum and Library Services42	†	†	†	†	†	166,000	250,000	241,000	258,000	303,000
Japanese-United States Friendship Commission	†	2,294	2,236	2,299	2,000	3,000	3,000	2,000	2,000	3,000
Library of Congress	29,478	151,871	169,310	189,827	241,000	299,000	430,000	435,000	463,000	360,000
Salaries and expenses	20,700	102,364	130,354	148,985	198,000	247,000	383,000	381,000	413,000	300,000
Books for the blind and the physically handicapped	6,195	31,436	32,954	37,473	39,000	46,000	47,000	54,000	50,000	60,000
Special foreign currency program	2,273	3,492	4,621	10	†	†	†	†	†	†
Furniture and furnishings	310	14,579	1,381	3,359	4,000	6,000	—	—	—	—
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Aerospace education services project48	350	882	1,800	3,300	5,923	6,800	—	—	—	—
National Archives and Records Administration
Libraries and other archival activities48	†	†	52,118	77,397	105,172	121,879	276,000	276,000	273,000	323,000
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science49	†	2,090	723	3,281	1,000	2,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	†
National Endowment for the Arts	340	231	1,137	936	2,304	4,046	2,506	2,503	2,942	3,230
National Endowment for the Humanities	5,090	85,805	76,252	89,706	94,249	70,807	87,969	86,250	80,564	81,000
Smithsonian Institution	2,461	5,153	7,886	5,779	9,961	25,764	45,890	42,092	46,101	53,095
Museum programs and related research	2,261	3,254	4,665	690	3,190	18,000	32,000	33,000	37,000	43,000
National Gallery of Art extension service	200	426	675	474	771	764	890	92	101	95
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars	†	1,473	2,546	4,615	6,000	7,000	13,000	9,000	9,000	10,000
U.S. Information Agency— Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange38	†	15,115	18,966	20,375	34,000	†	†	†	†	†
U.S. Institute of Peace	†	†	—	7,621	12,000	13,000	28,000	101,000	32,000	25,000
Other programs
Estimated education share of federal aid for the District of Columbia	1,758	2,990	7,156	3,724	2,457	404	1,674	1,389	1,321	1,504
Research programs at universities and related institutions50	$2,283,641	$5,801,204	$8,844,575	$12,606,035	$15,677,919	$21,660,134	$31,753,498	$32,185,135	$32,243,269	—
Department of Education51	87,823	78,742	28,809	89,483	279,000	116,464	456,822	390,548	437,484	428,963
Department of Agriculture	64,796	216,405	293,252	348,109	434,544	553,600	709,700	813,500	584,300	—
Department of Commerce	4,487	48,295	52,951	50,523	85,442	110,775	243,948	214,548	198,461	—
Department of Defense	356,188	644,455	1,245,888	1,871,864	1,853,955	1,891,710	2,675,900	2,872,500	2,447,600	—
Department of Energy	548,327	1,470,224	2,205,316	2,520,885	2,651,641	3,577,004	4,339,879	4,197,315	4,649,477	—
Department of Health and Human Services	623,765	2,087,053	3,228,014	4,902,714	6,418,969	10,491,641	16,357,996	16,274,356	16,336,983	—
Department of Homeland Security	†	†	†	†	†	†	309,717	448,139	266,446	—
Department of Housing and Urban Development	510	5,314	438	118	1,613	1,400	1,100	900	1,000	—
Department of the Interior	18,521	42,175	34,422	49,790	50,618	47,200	66,800	63,700	57,500	—
Department of Justice	1,945	9,189	5,168	6,858	7,204	19,400	27,500	25,900	24,000	—
Department of Labor	3,567	12,938	3,417	5,893	10,114	12,900	110,500	231,500	187,500	—
Department of State	8,220	188	29	1,519	23	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Transportation	12,328	31,910	22,621	28,608	75,847	55,866	52,800	70,600	54,500	—
Department of the Treasury	†	226	388	227	1,496	†	†	†	†	†
Department of Veterans Affairs	518	1,600	1,000	2,300	2,500	†	†	†	†	†
ACTION	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Agency for International Development	†	77,063	56,960	79,415	30,172	33,500	28,100	27,500	27,500	—
Environmental Protection Agency	19,446	41,083	60,521	87,481	125,721	98,900	83,400	78,100	72,500	—
Federal Emergency Management Agency	†	1,665	1,423	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	258,016	254,629	485,824	1,090,003	1,751,977	2,071,030	2,763,120	2,889,157	3,033,534	—
National Science Foundation	253,628	743,809	1,087,046	1,427,007	1,874,395	2,566,244	3,503,216	3,564,572	3,841,539	—
Nuclear Regulatory Commission	†	32,590	30,261	42,328	22,188	12,200	15,100	12,400	13,200	—
Office of Economic Opportunity	20,035	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency	100	661	395	25	†	†	†	†	†	†
Other agencies	1,421	990	432	885	500	300	7,900	9,900	9,745	—

— Not available. † Not applicable. 1 Excludes federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Benefits excluded from total because data before fiscal year (FY) 1990 are not available. This program existed since Medicare began, but was not available as a separate budget item until FY 1990. Excluded amounts are as follows: $4,440,000,000 in FY 1990, $7,510,000,000 in FY 1995, $8,020,000,000 in FY 2000, $8,400,000,000 in FY 2005, $8,400,000,000 in FY 2006, $8,500,000,000 in FY 2007, and an estimated $9,000,000,000 in FY 2008. 2 Estimated. 3 The U.S. Department of Education was created in May 1980. It formerly was the Office of Education in the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. 4 Arranges for the education of children who reside on federal property when no suitable local school district can or will provide for the education of these children. 5 Includes many programs, such as No Child Left Behind, 21st Century Community Learn-ing Centers, Class Size Reduction, Charter Schools, Safe and Drug-Free Schools, and Innovative programs. 6 Included the School-To-Work Opportunities program, which initiated a national system to be administered jointly by the U.S. Departments of Education and Labor. Programs in the Education Reform program were transferred to the school improvement programs or dis-continued in FY 2002. Amounts after FY 2002 reflect balances that are spending out from prior-year appropriations. 7 Starting in FY 1994, the Special Milk Program has been included in the child nutrition programs. 8 The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-171) carries out preschool and school feeding programs in foreign countries to help reduce the incidence of hunger and malnutrition, and improve literacy and primary education. 9 These commodities are purchased under Section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935, for use in the child nutrition programs. 10 Assisted in the construction of public facilities, such as vocational schools, through grants or loans. No funds have been appropriated for this program since FY 1977, and it was completely phased out in FY 1984. 11 Established in 1979, with funds first appropriated in FY 1980. 12 Formerly in the Office of Economic Opportunity. In FY 1972, funds were transferred to the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Child Development. 13 Created by the Family Support Act of 1988 to provide funds for the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training program. Replaced by Temporary Assistance for Needy Fami-lies program. 14 After age 18, benefits terminate at the end of the school term or in 3 months, whichever comes first. 15 Transferred from the U.S. Department of Transportation to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in March of 2003. 16 Provides funding for supplemental programs for eligible American Indian students in public schools. 17 Finances the cost of academic, social, and occupational education courses for inmates in federal prisons. 18 Some of the work and training programs were in the Office of Economic Opportunity and were transferred to the U.S. Department of Labor in FYs 1971 and 1972. From FY 1994 through FY 2001, included the School-to-Work Opportunities program, which was administered jointly by the U.S. Departments of Education and Labor. 19 Established in FY 1972 and closed in FY 1986. 20 The states' share of revenue-sharing funds could not be spent on education in FYs 1981 through 1986. 21 Provided educational assistance allowances in order to restore lost educational oppor-tunities to those individuals whose careers were interrupted or impeded by reason of active military service between January 31, 1955, and January 1, 1977. 22 This program is in "Readjustment Benefits" program, Chapter 31, and covers the costs of subsistence, tuition, books, supplies, and equipment for disabled veterans requiring vocational rehabilitation. 23 This program is in "Readjustment Benefits" program, Chapter 35, and provides benefits to children and spouses of veterans. 24 Head Start program funds were transferred to the U.S. Department of Health, Educa-tion, and Welfare, Office of Child Development, in FY 1972. 25 Most of these programs were transferred to the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, in FY 1972. 26 Transferred to the U.S. Department of Labor in FYs 1971 and 1972. 27 Transferred to the ACTION Agency in FY 1972. 28 Transferred from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, in FY 1979. 29 Transferred from the National Science Foundation to the U.S. Department of Commerce in October 1970. 30 Transferred from the U.S. Department of Commerce to the U.S. Department of Trans-portation in FY 1981. 31 Includes special education programs (military and civilian); legal education program; flight training; advanced degree program; college degree program (officers); and "Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship" program. 32 Does not include higher education assistance loans. 33 Alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health training programs are included starting in FY 1992. 34 Beginning in FY 1992, data were included in the National Institutes of Health training grants program. 35 This program closed in FY 2004. 36 Postsecondary student benefits were ended by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-35) and were completely phased out by August 1985. 37 Includes flight training. Transferred to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in March of 2003. 38 Transferred from the U.S. Department of State to the United States Information Agency in 1977, then transferred back to the U.S. Department of State in FY 1998. 39 Part of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2005 (Public Law 108-375), enacted October 28, 2004. The Reserve Education Assistance Program (REAP) provides educational assistance to members of the National Guard and Reserves who serve on active duty in support of a contingency operation under federal authority on or after September 11, 2001. 40 Abolished in FY 1998, with functions transferred to the U.S. Department of State and the newly created Broadcasting Board of Governors. 41 Included in the "Educational and Cultural Affairs" program in FYs 1980 through 1983, and became an independent program in FY 1984. 42 Transferred from U.S. Department of Education to the Institute of Museum and Library Services in FY 1997. 43 Transferred to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in FY 2003. 44 The disaster relief program repairs and replaces damaged and destroyed school build-ings. In FY 1995, funds were for repairs due to the Northridge Earthquake in California. In FY 1995, $74.4 million was spent on school districts, $8.4 million on community colleges, and $87.6 million on colleges and universities. This program was transferred from the Federal Emergency Management Agency to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in FY 2003. 45 The National Service Trust Act of 1993 established the Corporation for National and Community Service. In 1993, ACTION became part of this agency. 46 The Federal Emergency Management Agency was created in 1979, representing a combination of five existing agencies. The funds for the Federal Emergency Management Agency in FY 1970 to FY 1975 were in other agencies. This agency was transferred to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in March of 2003. 47 These programs include the Fall-Out Shelter Analysis, Blast Protection Design through FY 1992. Starting in FY 1993, earthquake training and safety for teachers and adminis-trators for grades 1 through 12 are included. 48 Transferred from the General Services Administration to the National Archives and Records Administration in April 1985. 49 Public Law 110-161 transferred the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science to the Institute of Museum and Library Services starting in FY 2008. 50 Includes federal obligations for research and development centers and R & D plant administered by colleges and universities. FY 2006 and FY 2007 data are estimated, except the U.S Department of Education data, which are actual numbers. 51 FY 1970 includes outlays for the "Research and Training" program. FY 1975 includes the "National Institute of Education" program. FYs 1990 through 2008 include outlays for the Office of Educational Research and Improvement and the Institute for Education Sci-ences. NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. To the extent pos-sible, amounts reported represent outlays rather than obligations. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Negative amounts occur when program receipts exceed out-lays. Changes in total postsecondary expenditures between 2005 and 2007 resulted prima-rily from changes in accounting procedures in the Federal Family Education Loan Program. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Budget Service, unpublished tabulations. U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U.S. Government, Appendix, fiscal years 1972 through 2009. National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, fiscal years 1970 through 2007. (This table was prepared October 2008.)