Percentage of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten participating in various weekly nonparental care arrangements, by child and family characteristics: 2016

Child and family characteristics	Weekly nonparental care arrangement					No weekly nonparental care arrangement
Child and family characteristics	At least one weekly nonparental care arrangement	At least one weekly relative care arrangement	At least one weekly nonrelative care arrangement outside the home (including center- based care)¹	At least one weekly nonrelative care arrangement inside the home²		No weekly nonparental care arrangement

Total	60	24	42	4		40

Child's age
Less than one year	47	28	21	5		53
1-2 years	54	23	33	5		46
3-5 years	73	23	64	4		27

Child's race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	62	23	46	5		38
Black, non-Hispanic	68	31	44	4		32
Hispanic, regardless of race	51	24	33	3		49
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	57	23	37	5		43
Other race, non-Hispanic³	59	22	42	5	!	41

Household income
$20,000 or less	48	23	32	4		52
$20,001 to $50,000	50	25	31	2		50
$50,001 to $75,000	56	27	37	2		44
$75,001 to $100,000	66	27	47	3		34
$100,001 or more	75	21	58	9		25

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.
¹For this analysis, nonrelative, out of home care arrangements include care provided at least once a week in a child-care center (including day care centers, Head Start programs, preschools, prekindergartens, and other early childhood programs) or in a private home, other than the child's own home, by a provider not related to nor living in the household with the child.
²Nonrelative care inside the home includes weekly arrangements provided by individuals not related to the child that occur in the child's home some or all of the time or by individuals providing care outside the child's home who live in the child's household.
³“Other race, non-Hispanic” includes American Indian and Alaska Native children who are not Hispanic, children who are not Hispanic and reported more than one race, and children with a race/ethnicity not listed.
NOTE: Estimates include children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten. Percent of children in different care arrangement columns do not sum to percent of children with at least one weekly non-parental care arrangement because children may have multiple care arrangements and rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the 2016 National Household Education Surveys Program (ECPP-NHES:2016).