Weekly center-based care--services: Percent of children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten whose parents reported various services were provided, by child and family characteristics: 2019

Characteristics	Service provided
Characteristics	Hearing, speech, or vision testing		Physical exami- nations		Dental exami- nations		Formal testing for develop- mental or learning problems		Medication admini- stration
Total	30		8		11		24		18

Child’s race/ethnicity
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	25		10		16		24		15
Black, non-Hispanic	31		13		15		36		23
Hispanic	36		12		21		31		15
White, non-Hispanic	29		5		7		21		19
Other race, non-Hispanic¹	24		6	!	5		13		15

Highest education level of parents/guardians
Less than high school	56		15	!	32	!	35		7	!
High school/GED	40		16		24		35		12
Vocational/technical or some college	31		10		14		30		21
Bachelor’s degree	28		5		7		22		18
Graduate or professional degree	22		3		4		17		20

English spoken at home by parents/guardians²
Both/only parent(s)/guardian(s) speak(s) English	28		6		9		23		19
One of two parents/guardians speaks English	47		‡		‡		59		13	!
No parent/guardian speaks English	42		18		28		30		9

Recency of immigration³
Child born outside the U.S.	31		12	!	25		23	!	11	!
Hispanic	42	!	‡		‡		‡		‡
Non-Hispanic	24	!	‡		29	!	17	!	8	!
First generation	33		11		18		28		13
Hispanic	48		14		32		36		12
Non-Hispanic	23		10		10		22		14
Second generation or higher	29		6		9		24		20
Hispanic	26		10		11		26		17
Non-Hispanic	30		6		8		23		20

Poverty status⁴
At or below poverty threshold	48		22		31		42		16
Between poverty threshold and 200 percent of poverty threshold	38		12		17		31		15
At or above 200 percent of poverty threshold	25		4		6		19		19

Locale of child's household⁵
City	31		9		10		24		17
Suburban	28		5		11		23		18
Town	36		12		18		32		17
Rural	32		10		12		27		20

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.
‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.
¹ "Other race, non-Hispanic" includes American Indian/Alaska Native children who are not Hispanic, children who are Two or more races and not Hispanic, and non-Hispanic children whose parents did not choose any race from the categories provided on the race item in the questionnaire.
² Complete descriptions of the categories for English spoken at home by parents/guardians are as follows: (1) Both parents/guardians or the only parent/guardian learned English first or currently speak(s) English in the home, (2) One of two parents/guardians in a two-parent/guardian household learned English first or currently speaks English in the home, and (3) No parent/guardian learned English first and both parents/guardians or the only parent/guardian currently speak(s) a non-English language in the home.
³ Children born outside the U.S. were not born in any of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or the Northern Marianas. Children defined as "first generation" were born in the United States, but one or both of their parents were born outside the United States. Children defined as "second generation or higher" were born in the United States, as were both of their parents. Children born abroad to U.S.-citizen parents are considered born in the United States and counted as "second generation or higher."
⁴ The poverty threshold is a dollar amount determined by the federal government and updated annually to account for inflation, and which varies depending on a family's size and composition. Thresholds used to define poverty are based on weighted averages from 2018 Census poverty thresholds. In 2018, for example, the weighted average poverty threshold for a family of four was $25,701. Survey respondents are asked to select the range within which their income falls, rather than giving the exact amount of their income; therefore, the measure of poverty status is an approximation.
⁵ Locale of child’s household classifies the residential ZIP code into a set of four major locale categories: city, suburban, town, rural.
NOTE: Estimates represent 7,858,000 children and include children who have at least one regularly scheduled weekly center-based care arrangement. Center-based arrangements include day care centers, Head Start programs, preschools, prekindergartens, and other early childhood programs.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (ECPP-NHES), 2019.