Weekly center-based care--access and utility: Percentage distribution of travel time to care and work hours covered by care for children from birth through age 5 and not yet in kindergarten, by child and family characteristics: 2019

Characteristics	Travel time from home to care					Care arrangement covers the hours needed for work very well¹
Characteristics	Less than 10 minutes	10-20 minutes		20 minutes or more
Total	51	35		14		57

Child’s race/ethnicity
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	47	39		14		47
Black, non-Hispanic	45	38		17		62
Hispanic	48	35		17		57
White, non-Hispanic	55	33		12		58
Other race, non-Hispanic²	44	43		14		54

Highest education level of parents/guardians
Less than high school	47	40		13	!	68
High school/GED	45	37		18		59
Vocational/technical or some college	49	37		14		57
Bachelor’s degree	54	33		13		57
Graduate or professional degree	53	34		14		56

English spoken at home by parents/guardians³
Both/only parent(s)/guardian(s) speak(s) English	51	35		14		57
One of two parents/guardians speaks English	57	29	!	14	!	45	!
No parent/guardian speaks English	44	40		16		62

Recency of immigration⁴
Child born outside the U.S.	37	39		24	!	49
Hispanic	‡	‡		‡		50	!
Non-Hispanic	40	39		21	!	49
First generation	48	38		14		55
Hispanic	44	37		19		55
Non-Hispanic	51	39		10		55
Second generation or higher	52	34		14		58
Hispanic	51	34		15		59
Non-Hispanic	52	34		14		58

Poverty status⁵
At or below poverty threshold	44	40		15		60
Between poverty threshold and 200 percent of poverty threshold	52	35		12		49
At or above 200 percent of poverty threshold	52	34		14		58

Locale of child's household⁶
City	51	35		14		57
Suburban	51	36		13		58
Town	70	24		6		64
Rural	40	39		20		54

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.
‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.
¹ About 12 percent of children, 958,000 children, in at least one regularly scheduled weekly center-based care arrangement whose parents responded how well the care arrangement covered the hours needed for work was "not applicable" are excluded from the column.
2"Other race, non-Hispanic" includes American Indian/Alaska Native children who are not Hispanic, children who are Two or more races and not Hispanic, and non-Hispanic children whose parents did not choose any race from the categories provided on the race item in the questionnaire.
³ Complete descriptions of the categories for English spoken at home by parents/guardians are as follows: (1) Both parents/guardians or the only parent/guardian learned English first or currently speak(s) English in the home, (2) One of two parents/guardians in a two-parent/guardian household learned English first or currently speaks English in the home, and (3) No parent/guardian learned English first and both parents/guardians or the only parent/guardian currently speak(s) a non-English language in the home.
⁴ Children born outside the U.S. were not born in any of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or the Northern Marianas. Children defined as "first generation" were born in the United States, but one or both of their parents were born outside the United States. Children defined as "second generation or higher" were born in the United States, as were both of their parents. Children born abroad to U.S.-citizen parents are considered born in the United States and counted as "second generation or higher."
⁵ The poverty threshold is a dollar amount determined by the federal government and updated annually to account for inflation, and which varies depending on a family's size and composition. Thresholds used to define poverty are based on weighted averages from 2018 Census poverty thresholds. In 2018, for example, the weighted average poverty threshold for a family of four was $25,701. Survey respondents are asked to select the range within which their income falls, rather than giving the exact amount of their income; therefore, the measure of poverty status is an approximation.
⁶ Locale of child’s household classifies the residential ZIP code into a set of four major locale categories: city, suburban, town, rural.
NOTE: Estimates represent 7,858,000 children and include children who have at least one regularly scheduled weekly center-based care arrangement. Center-based arrangements include day care centers, Head Start programs, preschools, prekindergarten's, and other early childhood programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Program Participation Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (ECPP-NHES), 2019.