Percentage of public school students in 9th through 12th grade whose parents reported that they had ever been suspended or expelled, by sex and race/ethnicity: 1999, 2003, 2006, 2012, and 2016

Race/ethnicity	1999						2003						2006						2012						2016
Race/ethnicity	Total		Male		Female		Total		Male		Female		Total		Male		Female		Total		Male		Female		Total		Male		Female
	Suspended
Total¹	22.0		28.5		15.4		20.4		25.5		14.9		24.5		31.7		16.9		22.0		28.3		15.2		17.1		23.1		10.9
White	18.2		25.3		10.7		18.1		24.7		11.2		17.7		24.1		11.6		17.5		22.7		12.0		15.8		22.0		9.2
Black	37.0		40.9		33.6		30.2		33.1		27.2		49.0		57.0		38.5		38.1		46.9		29.2		31.5		40.3		22.6
Hispanic	22.7		30.1		14.1		21.9		25.4		17.9		26.5		35.5		17.3		22.6		29.6		15.0		14.9		20.5		9.1
Asian/Pacific Islander	18.4		28.1		‡		11.6	!	17.6	!	‡		12.8	!	‡		19.4	!	10.9	!	12.2	!	‡		5.4	!	‡		‡
American Indian/Alaska Native	36.3		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡
Two or more races	‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		29.1		32.8		23.2	!	34.0		45.9		16.5		14.2		22.3		8.4	!
	Expelled
Total¹	3.0		4.1		1.9		3.9		5.3		2.4		3.2		4.4		1.9	!	2.5		3.4		1.6		3.1		4.4		1.7	!
White	1.8		2.8		0.8	!	3.2		4.9		1.3	!	1.1		1.6		0.7	!	2.7		3.8		1.4		2.0		2.5		1.4	!
Black	6.5		8.3		4.9	!	8.5		9.6		7.4		10.3		14.6	!	4.6	!	3.9		5.0		2.8	!	7.8		9.5	!	6.2	!
Hispanic	4.5	!	6.0	!	‡		3.6		4.9		2.2	!	4.1	!	3.4	!	‡		2.1		2.4		‡		‡		‡		‡
Asian/Pacific Islander	‡		‡		‡		#		#		#		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		#		#		#
American Indian/Alaska Native	‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		#		‡
Two or more races	‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		‡		1.9	!	‡		‡		‡		‡		‡

# Rounds to zero.

! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 30 percent or greater.

‡ Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.

¹ Totals for 1999, 2003, and 2006 includes other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately. In 2012 and 2016 all racial/ethnic groups are presented in the table.

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Prior to 2012, NHES surveys were administered via telephone with an interviewer. Measurable differences in estimates from 2012 or 2016 and prior years could reflect actual changes in the population, or the changes could be due to the mode change from telephone to mail.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHES), 1999, 2003, 2006, 2012, and 2016.