Table 19. Percentage of public primary schools reporting the use of selected practices to involve parents in school discipline, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003

Crime and Safety Surveys

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Table 19. Percentage of public primary schools reporting the use of selected practices to involve parents in school discipline, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003–04

School characteristic	Have a formal process to obtain parent input on policies related to school crime and discipline	Provide training or technical assistance to parents in dealing with students' problem behavior	Have a program that involves parents at school helping to maintain school discipline
All public schools	58	55	24

Enrollment size
Less than 300	58	49	24
300–499	53	54	19
500–999	64	59	25
1,000 or more	58	70	56

Urbanicity
City	60	64	32
Urban fringe	64	57	23
Town	46	40	10
Rural	54	49	21

Crime level where students live¹	70	57	34
High	55	58	30
Moderate	57	53	19
Low	62	59	30
Mixed

Percent minority enrollment²	48	45	18
Less than 5 percent	55	52	17
5 to 20 percent	59	58	24
20 to 50 percent	66	61	32
50 percent or more

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch	54	54	21


0–20 percent	58	53	21
21–50 percent	61	57	27
More than 50 percent

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests

0–5 percent	57	49	21
6–15 percent	59	60	21
More than 15 percent	60	54	30

Percent of students likely
to attend college
0–35 percent	56	51	23
36–60 percent	60	56	23
More than 60 percent	60	58	24

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important

0–25 percent	48	51	22
26–50 percent	59	51	24
51–75 percent	56	53	24
More than 75 percent	62	59	23

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	52	44	27
45–55 percent	59	56	22
More than 55 percent	61	51	29

Student-to-teacher ratio³
Less than 12 students	64	54	22
12–16 students	54	57	24
More than 16 students	56	52	27

Number of classroom changes⁴
0–3 changes	58	58	25
4–6 changes	59	55	23
More than 6 changes	58	44	21

Regular use of law enforcement⁵
Regular use	57	58	28
No regular use	59	53	21

Number of serious discipline problems⁶

No problems	60	57	24
1 problem	56	48	23
2 problems	53	46	25
3 or more problems	58	65	21

Transfers as a percentage of enrollment⁷

0 to 6 percent	57	53	24
6 to 11 percent	54	55	27
11 to 21 percent	61	53	20
21 percent or more	60	57	24

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions⁸

No disruptions	58	55	24
Any disruptions	67	64	24

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	54	56	22
3–5 percent	57	53	20
6–10 percent	62	57	31
More than 10 percent	69	63	42

Prevalence of violent incidents⁹
No violent incidents	62	54	21
Any violent incidents	57	55	24
¹ Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime,"and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
² These estimates exclude data from Tennessee because schools in this state did not report estimates of student race.
³ Student-to-teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁴ Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁵ Respondents were asked, "During the 2003–2004 school year, did you have any sworn law enforcement officers, security guards, or security personnel present at your school on a regular basis?"
⁶ Serious discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
⁷ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
⁸ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
⁹ Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2004.

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