Table 13. Percentage of public primary schools reporting that specified disciplinary actions were allowable, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003

Crime and Safety Surveys

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Table 13. Percentage of public primary schools reporting that specified disciplinary actions were allowable, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003–04

	Percentage of schools allowing specific disciplinary action
School characteristic	Referral to school counselor	Assigned to program to reduce disciplinary problems during school hours	Assigned to program to reduce disciplinary problems outside of school hours	Kept off school bus due to misbehavior	Corporal punishment	Put on school probation	Detention and/or Saturday school	Loss of student privileges	Require participation in community service
All public schools	90	54	24	87	15	53	60	92	27

Enrollment size
Less than 300	86	58	23	87	14	57	60	90	24
300–499	90	54	25	87	14	52	58	90	28
500–999	92	51	24	88	16	50	61	95	28
1,000 or more	97	55	32	75	5	56	63	94	32

Urbanicity
City	90	56	28	80	9	50	54	91	31
Urban fringe	86	50	23	86	6	52	60	92	27
Town	99	55	22	97	26	61	71	93	23
Rural	92	56	23	92	26	52	61	92	25

Crime level where students live¹
High	90	52	27	80	8	55	63	90	28
Moderate	90	61	31	83	11	49	69	97	37
Low	91	53	21	89	17	54	59	90	25
Mixed	84	46	27	90	14	52	50	92	24

Percent minority enrollment²
Less than 5 percent	92	56	23	91	14	59	67	91	32
5 to 20 percent	92	51	21	90	15	48	57	88	23
20 to 50 percent	88	53	26	90	14	54	62	97	33
50 percent or more	88	54	27	80	12	50	57	91	25

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch


0–20 percent	87	50	23	83	2	47	57	90	31
21–50 percent	91	54	23	93	15	57	59	92	27
More than 50 percent	91	55	26	85	21	52	62	92	26

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests

0–5 percent	88	51	22	86	14	50	53	91	28
6–15 percent	93	54	24	90	15	53	62	92	27
More than 15 percent	89	57	27	84	15	56	64	92	27

Percent of students likely to attend college
Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	90	54	26	85	18	56	57	91	28
36–60 percent	91	55	24	91	19	52	63	93	26
More than 60 percent	90	52	23	85	8	50	60	92	28

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important

0–25 percent	88	43	17	87	8	53	67	91	41
26–50 percent	90	61	31	84	20	57	63	92	29
51–75 percent	89	49	22	89	21	55	60	94	23
More than 75 percent	91	55	24	88	9	49	56	91	27

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	76	64	24	87	14	72	64	87	25
45–55 percent	92	53	24	88	15	51	61	92	26
More than 55 percent	87	50	28	79	13	51	53	92	36

Student-to-teacher ratio³
Less than 12 students	95	55	24	87	16	54	61	91	29
12–16 students	89	54	26	88	19	51	59	92	25
More than 16 students	80	49	22	85	2	54	60	92	28

Number of classroom changes⁴
0–3 changes	89	56	27	82	12	47	53	90	26
4–6 changes	90	50	21	90	15	55	63	93	27
More than 6 changes	94	59	31	92	20	62	70	94	36

Regular use of law enforcement⁵
Regular use	95	55	29	85	16	56	61	92	30
No regular use	88	53	22	88	14	51	59	92	26

Number of serious discipline problems⁶
Number of serious discipline problems⁶
No problems	90	52	24	87	16	52	58	91	27
1 problem	92	59	24	87	10	52	62	93	26
2 problems	91	53	32	95	20	59	68	90	32
3 or more problems	80	56	24	78	8	60	58	96	28

Transfers as a percentage of enrollment⁷
Transfers as a percentage of enrollment⁷
0 to 6 percent	87	52	17	77	4	48	61	88	36
6 to 11 percent	94	56	33	90	16	50	65	87	27
11 to 21 percent	88	52	24	90	17	54	61	95	26
21 percent or more	91	54	23	87	17	55	55	94	25

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions⁸
Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions⁸
No disruptions	90	53	24	87	14	52	59	92	27
Any disruptions	93	59	29	90	20	61	72	95	41

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	89	58	28	79	12	45	55	88	28
3–5 percent	91	52	23	90	15	54	60	94	27
6–10 percent	89	55	24	83	15	54	63	90	30
More than 10 percent	84	62	43	84	14	42	54	82	21

Prevalence of violent incidents⁹
No violent incidents	89	53	22	84	12	44	49	84	22
Any violent incidents	90	54	25	88	16	56	64	95	29
¹ Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
² These estimates exclude data from Tennessee because schools in this state did not report estimates of student race.
³ Student-to-teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁴ Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁵ Respondents were asked, "During the 2003–2004 school year, did you have any sworn law enforcement officers, security guards, or security personnel present at your school on a regular basis?"
⁶ Serious discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
⁷ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
⁸ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
⁹ Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2004.

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