Table 9. Number and percentage of public schools reporting violent and other incidents of gang-related crimes with the number of incidents reported, by selected school characteristics: 1999

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Table 9. Number and percentage of public schools reporting violent and other incidents of gang-related crimes with the number of incidents reported, by selected school characteristics: 1999–2000

School characteristic	Violent incidents ¹			Serious violent incidents ²			Theft ³			Other incidents ⁴
School characteristic	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents
All public schools	3,264	4	24,326	802	1	2,919	408	#	1,155	4,392	5	20,387

Level
Elementary	712	1	4,659	‡	‡	‡	210	#	408	2,233	4	5,860
Middle	1,228	8	7,170	187	1	824	‡	‡	‡	1,010	7	6,784
Secondary	1,262	11	12,402	420	4	1,400	148	1	611	1,011	9	7,493
Combined	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	138	3	250

Enrollment size
Less than 300	220	1	499	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	478	2	1,231
300–499	263	1	727	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	528	2	1,632
500–999	1,411	5	9,065	329	1	857	256	1	487	2,285	8	8,422
1,000 or more	1,370	16	14,035	451	5	2,040	89	1	605	1,102	13	9,102

Urbanicity
City	1,945	10	17,296	557	3	1,949	329	2	1,023	2,176	11	11,894
Urban fringe	802	3	5,154	187	1	898	42	#	94	1,433	5	5,924
Town	239	2	1,226	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	309	3	1,142
Rural	278	1	650	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	475	2	1,427

Crime level where students live ⁵
High	787	14	7,815	320	6	1,046	194	3	312	846	15	4,025
Moderate	794	6	5,682	151	1	491	‡	‡	‡	1,432	10	5,955
Low	991	2	5,711	172	#	260	162	#	259	1,431	3	4,421
Mixed	610	8	4,539	146	2	1,074	‡	‡	‡	633	8	5,734

Percent minority enrollment⁵
0–5 percent	97	#	204	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	268	1	679
6–20 percent	325	2	975	‡	‡	‡	87	#	104	410	2	1,550
21–50 percent	676	4	4,755	159	1	885	38	#	90	1,074	7	5,429
More than 50 percent	2,109	10	18,041	585	3	1,888	267	1	944	2,621	12	12,616

Percent of students eligible for free/reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	510	2	3,297	128	1	381	37	#	37	577	3	2,657
21–50 percent	840	3	5,606	172	1	1,121	135	#	651	1,123	4	5,889
More than 50 percent	1,914	6	15,423	502	2	1,416	237	1	467	2,692	9	11,841

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	591	2	1,973	32	#	41	102	#	119	577	2	2,671
6–15 percent	967	3	6,287	252	1	548	38	#	71	1,233	4	4,464
More than 15 percent	1,706	7	16,066	518	2	2,330	268	1	965	2,582	11	13,252

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	1,538	6	10,477	373	2	1,188	212	1	363	2,171	9	9,611
36–60 percent	977	3	9,100	240	1	1,287	57	#	573	1,439	5	6,463
More than 60 percent	749	3	4,748	188	1	443	140	1	219	782	3	4,312

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	530	8	3,907	146	2	576	93	1	126	658	10	2,155
26–50 percent	1,008	6	6,684	323	2	1,253	238	1	488	1,340	8	6,983
51–75 percent	984	4	9,319	172	1	758	41	#	504	1,195	5	7,366
More than 75 percent	742	2	4,416	161	1	331	37	#	37	1,199	4	3,883

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	276	3	2,202	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	446	4	3,298
45–55 percent	2,694	4	19,623	625	1	2,086	256	#	798	3,421	5	15,677
More than 55 percent	294	3	2,500	147	1	293	‡	‡	‡	525	5	1,411

Student/teacher ratio⁵,⁶
Less than 12	520	2	3,220	134	#	158	‡	‡	‡	613	2	3,467
12–16	1,169	4	8,027	128	#	781	141	1	211	1,636	6	7,234
More than 16	1,357	6	11,987	514	2	1,905	178	1	775	1,954	8	9,282

Number of classroom changes⁵
0–3 changes	426	2	4,417	207	1	719	‡	‡	‡	1,332	6	3,319
4–6 changes	1,592	4	9,473	271	1	930	209	1	705	2,033	6	11,608
More than 6 changes	1,114	6	9,569	289	1	1,198	72	#	204	921	5	5,220

Use of paid law enforcement ⁷
Regular use	2,985	7	23,362	779	2	2,896	343	1	1,090	3,170	7	17,311
No regular use	278	1	964	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	1,222	3	3,076

Number of serious discipline problems ⁸
No problems	182	#	332	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	568	1	1,543
1 problem	1,013	6	6,709	173	1	689	‡	‡	‡	1,200	8	4,710
2 problems	736	8	4,260	246	3	601	204	2	322	727	8	2,214
3 or more problems	1,333	12	13,025	371	3	1,604	156	1	305	1,897	17	11,920

Transfers as percentage of enrollment⁵,⁹
0 to 6 percent	555	3	3,170	97	#	179	45	#	62	601	3	3,073
6 to 11 percent	531	3	4,378	86	#	374	49	#	494	830	5	4,410
11 to 21 percent	708	4	4,352	234	1	433	208	1	406	908	5	2,880
21 percent or more	1,317	6	10,988	336	1	1,751	107	#	192	1,732	8	8,215

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions⁵,¹⁰
No disruptions	2,176	3	14,415	445	1	1,226	252	#	450	3,330	5	14,425
Any disruptions	862	11	8,662	302	4	1,550	144	2	693	788	10	3,972

Percent of students absent without excuses
None	103	1	901	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	258	2	491
1–2 percent	1,001	3	4,241	299	1	515	157	#	308	1,777	5	6,062
3–5 percent	991	5	6,910	198	1	720	177	1	194	1,158	5	6,416
6–10 percent	669	8	6,306	156	2	695	‡	‡	‡	473	6	2,941
More than 10 percent	499	13	5,967	149	4	989	‡	‡	‡	727	19	4,478
# Rounds to zero.
‡ Reporting standards not met.
¹ Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
² Serious violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with a weapon, threat of physical attack with a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
³ Theft/larceny (taking things over $10 without personal confrontation) was defined for respondents as, "the unlawful taking of another person's property without personal confrontation, threat, violence, or bodily harm. Included are pocket picking, stealing purse or backpack (if left unattended or no force was used to take it from owner), theft from a building, theft from a motor vehicle or motor vehicle parts or accessories, theft of bicycles, theft from vending machines, and all other types of thefts."
⁴ Other incidents include possession of a firearm or explosive device, possession of a knife or sharp object, distribution of illegal drugs, possession or use of alcohol or illegal drugs, sexual harassment, or vandalism.
⁵ Some schools are omitted from these categories because of missing data on their school characteristics. For this reason, the detailed results do not sum to the totals. See appendix J of 2000 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) Detailed Data Documentation (NCES 2004-307) for further information.
⁶ Student/teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time equivalent teachers. The total number of full-time equivalent teachers is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers, including special education teachers, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁷ Schools were included as regularly using paid law enforcement if they reported the use of paid law enforcement during any of the following times: at any time during school hours, while students were arriving or leaving, at selected school activities (e.g., athletic and social events, open houses, science fairs), or at any other time that the respondent specified.
⁸ Serious discipline problems is a count of discipline problems reported by principals. These discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, and student acts of disrespect for teachers. If a principal reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems. Undesirable gang activities and undesirable cult or extremist group activities were also counted once as a problem if the principal reported that these events occurred at all in their school.
⁹ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school, divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
¹⁰ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as bomb threats or anthrax threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. "At school/at your school" was defined for respondents as including activities happening in school buildings, on school grounds, on school buses, and at places that are holding school-sponsored events or activities. Respondents were instructed to, unless the survey specified otherwise, only respond for those times that were during normal school hours or when school activities/events were in session. A gang was defined for respondents as, "an ongoing loosely organized association of three or more persons, whether formal or informal, that has a common name, signs, symbols or colors, whose members engage, either individually or collectively, in violent or other forms of illegal behavior." Elementary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8. Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9. Secondary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 12. Combined schools include all other combinations of grades, including K–12 schools.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2000.

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