Table 106.30.

Amount and percentage distribution of direct general expenditures of state and local governments, by function: Selected years, 1970-71 through 2010-11

Function	1970-71	1980-81	1990-91	2000-01	2005-06	2006-07	2007-08	2008-09	2009-10	2010-11
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
	Amount (in millions of current dollars)
Total direct general expenditures	$150,674	$407,449	$908,108	$1,621,757	$2,116,464	$2,258,229	$2,400,204	$2,494,986	$2,538,214	$2,583,101
Education and public libraries	60,174	147,649	313,744	571,374	739,410	785,162	837,675	863,137	870,272	872,711
Social services and income maintenance	30,376	92,555	214,919	396,086	551,721	582,852	618,353	658,155	686,981	728,709
Public welfare	18,226	54,121	130,402	257,380	367,395	384,769	404,624	431,884	456,804	492,007
Hospitals and health	11,205	36,101	81,110	134,010	178,777	193,072	208,557	220,768	224,227	230,506
Social insurance administration	945	2,276	3,250	4,359	4,556	3,981	4,089	4,570	5,157	5,256
Veterans’ services	†	57	157	337	992	1,031	1,083	933	794	941
Transportation1	19,819	39,231	75,410	130,422	160,460	170,976	181,322	183,966	186,924	182,520
Public safety	9,416	31,233	79,932	146,544	187,929	203,259	217,201	225,564	224,594	225,583
Police and fire protection	7,531	21,283	46,568	84,554	111,971	120,916	129,360	135,951	137,407	138,584
Correction	1,885	7,393	27,356	52,370	62,645	68,092	72,904	74,795	73,000	73,151
Protective inspection and regulation	†	2,557	6,008	9,620	13,312	14,250	14,937	14,818	14,187	13,847
Environment and housing	11,832	35,223	76,167	124,203	163,867	179,196	191,972	197,164	199,466	202,632
Natural resources, parks, and    recreation	5,191	13,239	28,505	50,082	59,939	66,243	70,562	72,079	69,474	67,765
Housing and community development	2,554	7,086	16,648	27,402	42,014	45,937	50,974	49,173	53,460	56,121
Sewerage and sanitation	4,087	14,898	31,014	46,718	61,914	67,016	70,436	75,911	76,532	78,746
Governmental administration	6,703	20,001	48,461	85,910	110,407	119,396	126,997	128,467	127,214	124,511
Financial administration	2,271	7,230	16,995	30,007	37,666	39,631	40,995	40,646	40,519	39,689
General control2	4,432	12,771	31,466	55,903	72,741	79,765	86,003	87,821	86,695	84,823
Interest on general debt	5,089	17,131	52,234	73,836	86,001	93,586	100,055	105,053	105,765	108,658
Other direct general expenditures,    not elsewhere classified	7,265	24,426	47,242	93,382	116,670	123,802	126,630	133,481	136,997	137,777
	Amount (in millions of constant 2012-13 dollars)3
Total direct general expenditures	$877,502	$1,088,188	$1,568,833	$2,142,862	$2,460,651	$2,559,283	$2,622,991	$2,689,028	$2,709,399	$2,703,035
Education and public libraries	350,444	394,331	542,019	754,969	859,656	889,836	915,427	930,266	928,966	913,231
Social services and income maintenance	176,905	247,190	371,291	523,356	641,444	660,555	675,748	709,342	733,312	762,544
Public welfare	106,145	144,543	225,280	340,082	427,142	436,064	442,181	465,473	487,612	514,851
Hospitals and health	65,256	96,416	140,124	177,070	207,851	218,811	227,916	237,938	239,349	241,208
Social insurance administration	5,504	6,079	5,615	5,759	5,297	4,512	4,468	4,925	5,505	5,500
Veterans’ services	†	152	271	445	1,153	1,168	1,184	1,006	847	984
Transportation1	115,423	104,776	130,277	172,330	186,554	193,770	198,152	198,273	199,531	190,994
Public safety	54,837	83,415	138,089	193,632	218,490	230,356	237,361	243,107	239,741	236,057
Police and fire protection	43,859	56,841	80,450	111,723	130,180	137,036	141,367	146,524	146,675	145,019
Correction	10,978	19,745	47,260	69,198	72,833	77,170	79,671	80,612	77,923	76,547
Protective inspection and regulation	†	6,829	10,379	12,711	15,477	16,150	16,323	15,971	15,144	14,490
Environment and housing	68,908	94,071	131,585	164,112	190,515	203,086	209,791	212,498	212,918	212,040
Natural resources, parks, and    recreation	30,232	35,358	49,245	66,175	69,686	75,074	77,112	77,685	74,159	70,911
Housing and community development	14,874	18,925	28,761	36,207	48,847	52,061	55,706	52,997	57,065	58,727
Sewerage and sanitation	23,802	39,789	53,579	61,730	71,982	75,950	76,974	81,815	81,694	82,402
Governmental administration	39,037	53,417	83,720	113,514	128,361	135,313	138,785	138,458	135,794	130,292
Financial administration	13,226	19,309	29,360	39,649	43,791	44,915	44,800	43,807	43,252	41,531
General control2	25,811	34,108	54,360	73,865	84,570	90,398	93,985	94,651	92,542	88,761
Interest on general debt	29,638	45,752	90,239	97,561	99,987	106,062	109,343	113,223	112,898	113,703
Other direct general expenditures,    not elsewhere classified	42,310	65,235	81,615	123,388	135,644	140,306	138,384	143,862	146,237	144,174
	Percentage distribution
Total direct general expenditures	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Education and public libraries	39.9	36.2	34.5	35.2	34.9	34.8	34.9	34.6	34.3	33.8
Social services and income maintenance	20.2	22.7	23.7	24.4	26.1	25.8	25.8	26.4	27.1	28.2
Public welfare	12.1	13.3	14.4	15.9	17.4	17.0	16.9	17.3	18.0	19.0
Hospitals and health	7.4	8.9	8.9	8.3	8.4	8.5	8.7	8.8	8.8	8.9
Social insurance administration	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Veterans’ services	†	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#
Transportation1	13.2	9.6	8.3	8.0	7.6	7.6	7.6	7.4	7.4	7.1
Public safety	6.2	7.7	8.8	9.0	8.9	9.0	9.0	9.0	8.8	8.7
Police and fire protection	5.0	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4
Correction	1.3	1.8	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.8
Protective inspection and regulation	†	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5
Environment and housing	7.9	8.6	8.4	7.7	7.7	7.9	8.0	7.9	7.9	7.8
Natural resources, parks, and    recreation	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.6
Housing and community development	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.2
Sewerage and sanitation	2.7	3.7	3.4	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0
Governmental administration	4.4	4.9	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.0	4.8
Financial administration	1.5	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5
General control2	2.9	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.3
Interest on general debt	3.4	4.2	5.8	4.6	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2
Other direct general expenditures    not elsewhere classified	4.8	6.0	5.2	5.8	5.5	5.5	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.3

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

1 As of 2005-06, no longer includes transit subsidies.

2 Includes judicial and legal expenditures and expenditures on general public buildings and other governmental administration.

3 Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

NOTE: Excludes monies paid by states to the federal government. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Governmental Finances. Retrieved August 27, 2013, from http://www.census.gov/govs/local/. (This table was prepared August 2013.)