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| 2011 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Table 122. | Children's reading, mathematics, and fine motor scale scores at kindergarten entry, by age of child and selected characteristics: 2006-07 and 2007-08 |
| Age and selected characteristic | Number of children (in thousands) | Percentage distri- bution of children | Average early reading scale score1 | Average mathematics scale score2 | Fine motor score3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
| Less than 5 years old (less than 60 months) |
||||||||||
| Total | 65 | (10.5) | 100.0 | (†) | 35.0 | (1.96) | 38.3 | (1.35) | 2.0 | (0.18) |
| Sex of child | ||||||||||
| Male | 37 | (8.0) | 57.0 | (7.08) | 37.9 | (2.96) | 39.8 | (2.09) | 2.1 | (0.32) |
| Female | 28 | (6.0) | 43.0 | (7.08) | 31.1 | (2.57) | 36.2 | (1.98) | 1.9 | (0.20) |
| 5 to 6 years old | ||||||||||
| Total | 3,192 | (28.7) | 100.0 | (†) | 42.8 | (0.36) | 43.2 | (0.24) | 2.6 | (0.03) |
| Sex of child | ||||||||||
| Male | 1,605 | (21.3) | 50.3 | (0.43) | 41.6 | (0.45) | 42.8 | (0.31) | 2.5 | (0.03) |
| Female | 1,587 | (18.4) | 49.7 | (0.43) | 44.0 | (0.42) | 43.5 | (0.27) | 2.7 | (0.04) |
| Race/ethnicity of child | ||||||||||
| White | 1,680 | (31.9) | 52.8 | (0.80) | 45.1 | (0.47) | 45.5 | (0.30) | 2.7 | (0.04) |
| Black | 447 | (14.3) | 14.0 | (0.43) | 40.2 | (0.57) | 39.8 | (0.48) | 2.4 | (0.05) |
| Hispanic | 813 | (17.8) | 25.5 | (0.52) | 38.4 | (0.59) | 39.6 | (0.42) | 2.5 | (0.05) |
| Asian | 88 | (4.5) | 2.8 | (0.15) | 51.4 | (0.80) | 48.2 | (0.45) | 3.2 | (0.05) |
| Pacific Islander | ‡ | (†) | 0.2 | (0.06) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) | ‡ | (†) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 15 | (1.8) | 0.5 | (0.05) | 36.2 | (1.68) | 36.2 | (2.36) | 2.1 | (0.23) |
| Two or more races | 134 | (12.3) | 4.2 | (0.39) | 43.9 | (1.50) | 43.7 | (0.90) | 2.6 | (0.10) |
| Primary type of nonparental care arrangement prior to kindergarten entry4 |
||||||||||
| No regular nonparental arrangement |
551 | (22.5) | 17.3 | (0.72) | 38.6 | (0.70) | 40.2 | (0.53) | 2.4 | (0.06) |
| Home-based care | ||||||||||
| Relative care5 | 382 | (23.1) | 12.0 | (0.70) | 39.4 | (0.77) | 41.1 | (0.55) | 2.4 | (0.07) |
| Nonrelative care6 | 200 | (14.3) | 6.3 | (0.46) | 43.8 | (1.19) | 45.4 | (0.82) | 2.7 | (0.10) |
| Head Start | 436 | (28.0) | 13.7 | (0.86) | 38.7 | (0.72) | 40.1 | (0.50) | 2.4 | (0.06) |
| Other center-based care7 | 1,565 | (32.9) | 49.1 | (0.89) | 46.2 | (0.42) | 45.3 | (0.27) | 2.7 | (0.03) |
| Multiple arrangements8 | 54 | (8.3) | 1.7 | (0.26) | 41.5 | (1.58) | 42.1 | (1.23) | 2.5 | (0.20) |
| Mother's employment status | ||||||||||
| Full-time (35 hours or more) | 1,366 | (29.1) | 43.1 | (0.76) | 43.7 | (0.42) | 43.6 | (0.25) | 2.6 | (0.03) |
| Part-time (less than 35 hours) | 594 | (27.5) | 18.8 | (0.86) | 44.6 | (0.67) | 45.3 | (0.41) | 2.7 | (0.05) |
| Looking for work | 172 | (13.0) | 5.4 | (0.40) | 36.2 | (1.21) | 38.3 | (0.94) | 2.4 | (0.10) |
| Not in labor force | 1,001 | (29.2) | 31.6 | (0.91) | 41.8 | (0.50) | 42.2 | (0.38) | 2.5 | (0.04) |
| No mother in household | 34 | (5.8) | 1.1 | (0.18) | 42.8 | (2.30) | 44.5 | (1.87) | 2.5 | (0.20) |
| Parents' highest level of education |
||||||||||
| Less than high school | 345 | (15.9) | 10.8 | (0.47) | 33.7 | (0.83) | 36.8 | (0.59) | 2.3 | (0.09) |
| High school completion | 793 | (26.3) | 24.9 | (0.80) | 38.7 | (0.57) | 40.0 | (0.42) | 2.3 | (0.05) |
| Some college/vocational | 992 | (27.3) | 31.1 | (0.80) | 42.2 | (0.54) | 42.6 | (0.36) | 2.6 | (0.05) |
| Bachelor's degree | 533 | (20.2) | 16.7 | (0.64) | 47.9 | (0.53) | 46.9 | (0.43) | 2.8 | (0.06) |
| Any graduate education | 524 | (16.7) | 16.4 | (0.49) | 51.0 | (0.56) | 49.4 | (0.36) | 3.0 | (0.04) |
| Primary home language9 | ||||||||||
| English | 2,571 | (28.4) | 80.9 | (0.69) | 43.6 | (0.41) | 43.8 | (0.26) | 2.6 | (0.03) |
| Non-English | 605 | (23.6) | 19.1 | (0.69) | 39.3 | (0.66) | 40.5 | (0.43) | 2.7 | (0.05) |
| Poverty status10 | ||||||||||
| Below poverty threshold | 774 | (26.8) | 24.3 | (0.82) | 36.3 | (0.51) | 38.3 | (0.39) | 2.3 | (0.05) |
| At or above poverty threshold | 2,417 | (34.8) | 75.7 | (0.82) | 44.8 | (0.38) | 44.7 | (0.23) | 2.7 | (0.03) |
| Socioeconomic status in 200411 | ||||||||||
| Lowest 20 percent | 643 | (22.0) | 20.2 | (0.65) | 35.0 | (0.66) | 37.7 | (0.47) | 2.2 | (0.06) |
| Middle 60 percent | 1,924 | (34.5) | 60.3 | (0.93) | 42.7 | (0.43) | 42.9 | (0.28) | 2.6 | (0.03) |
| Highest 20 percent | 624 | (20.9) | 19.5 | (0.65) | 51.2 | (0.52) | 49.5 | (0.33) | 3.0 | (0.04) |
| More than 6 years old (73 months or older) |
||||||||||
| Total | 640 | (29.1) | 100.0 | (†) | 50.4 | (0.64) | 48.9 | (0.49) | 2.8 | (0.06) |
| Sex of child | ||||||||||
| Male | 352 | (20.2) | 54.9 | (1.87) | 49.6 | (0.89) | 48.8 | (0.66) | 2.7 | (0.08) |
| Female | 288 | (17.6) | 45.1 | (1.87) | 51.4 | (0.82) | 48.9 | (0.57) | 2.9 | (0.06) |
| Socioeconomic status in 200411 | ||||||||||
| Lowest 20 percent | 111 | (12.8) | 17.4 | (1.80) | 43.2 | (2.05) | 42.5 | (1.20) | 2.5 | (0.13) |
| Middle 60 percent | 392 | (24.1) | 61.2 | (2.08) | 49.5 | (0.60) | 48.5 | (0.52) | 2.8 | (0.07) |
| Highest 20 percent | 137 | (11.4) | 21.5 | (1.78) | 58.7 | (1.11) | 54.9 | (0.72) | 3.1 | (0.11) |
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||
| ‡Reporting standards not met (too few cases). | ||||||||||
| 1 Reflects performance on language and literacy items (e.g., conventions of print, letter recognition, understanding of letter-sound relationships, phonological awareness, sight word recognition, and understanding words in the context of simple sentences). Potential score ranges from 0 to 85. | ||||||||||
| 2 Includes number sense, geometry, counting, operations, and patterns. Potential score ranges from 0 to 71. | ||||||||||
| 3 Measures the ability to use fine motor skills in drawing basic forms and shapes. Potential score ranges from 0 to 4. | ||||||||||
| 4 The type of nonparental care in which the child spent the most hours. | ||||||||||
| 5 Care provided in the child's home or in another private home by a relative (excluding parents). | ||||||||||
| 6 Care provided in the child's home or in another private home by a person unrelated to the child. | ||||||||||
| 7 Care provided in places such as early learning centers, nursery schools, and preschools, excluding Head Start. | ||||||||||
| 8 Children who spent an equal amount of time in each of two or more arrangements. | ||||||||||
| 9 Primary home language was asked of the parent interview respondent. | ||||||||||
| 10 Poverty status based on Census Bureau guidelines from 2006 (for 2006-07 kindergarten entrants) and 2007 (for 2007-08 kindergarten entrants), which identify a dollar amount determined to meet a household's needs, given its size and composition. In 2006, a family of four was considered to live below the poverty threshold if its income was less than or equal to $20,614. | ||||||||||
| 11 Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by a composite score based on parental education and occupations, and family income. | ||||||||||
| NOTE: Estimates weighted by WKR0. Estimates pertain to a sample of children who were born in 2001. About 75 percent of the children born in 2001 entered kindergarten in the 2006-07 school year, and the other 25 percent entered kindergarten in the 2007-08 school year; estimates in this table combine data collected in these two school years. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding and survey item nonresponse. Standard errors appear in parentheses. | ||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), Longitudinal 9-Month–Kindergarten 2007 Restricted-Use Data File. (This table was prepared May 2010.) |
