Table 230.20.

Percentage of students ages 12–18 who reported that gangs were present at school during the school year, by selected student and school characteristics and urbanicity: Selected years, 2001 through 2011

Year and urbanicity	Total			Sex						Race/ethnicity1															Grade																					Control of school
				Male			Female			White			Black			Hispanic			Asian			Other			6th grade			7th grade			8th grade			9th grade			10th grade			11th grade			12th			Public			Private
1	2			3			4			5			6			7			8			9			10			11			12			13			14			15			16			17			18
2001
Total	20.1		(0.71)	21.4		(0.86)	18.8		(0.90)	15.5		(0.72)	28.6		(1.90)	32.0		(1.82)	—		(†)	21.4		(2.18)	11.2		(1.28)	15.7		(1.09)	17.3		(1.22)	24.3		(1.27)	23.6		(1.48)	24.2		(1.56)	21.1		(1.54)	21.6		(0.77)	4.9		(1.05)
Urban	28.9		(1.23)	31.9		(1.62)	25.9		(1.52)	20.5		(1.28)	32.4		(2.79)	40.3		(2.45)	—		(†)	27.0		(4.41)	14.9		(2.45)	23.7		(2.54)	24.0		(2.66)	35.3		(2.77)	33.1		(3.08)	34.2		(3.18)	34.1		(3.21)	31.9		(1.35)	5.0		(1.38)
Suburban	18.3		(0.72)	18.9		(0.92)	17.5		(1.08)	15.4		(0.75)	25.4		(2.79)	27.1		(2.25)	—		(†)	20.0		(2.95)	9.0		(1.52)	13.7		(1.16)	16.6		(1.50)	20.8		(1.48)	22.3		(1.58)	22.7		(1.71)	18.6		(1.81)	19.5		(0.80)	4.3	!	(1.45)
Rural	13.3		(1.71)	14.0		(2.08)	12.5		(1.84)	12.1		(1.70)	22.5		(5.78)	16.8	!	(7.49)	—		(†)	‡		(†)	11.0		(2.78)	8.9		(1.87)	10.1		(2.24)	18.9		(3.03)	14.4		(3.05)	15.8		(3.85)	11.5	!	(4.51)	13.7		(1.80)	‡		(†)
2003
Total	20.9		(0.70)	22.3		(0.95)	19.5		(0.79)	14.2		(0.59)	29.5		(2.14)	37.2		(1.76)	—		(†)	22.0		(2.54)	10.9		(1.28)	16.3		(1.14)	17.9		(1.29)	26.1		(1.44)	26.3		(1.37)	23.4		(1.64)	22.2		(1.50)	22.5		(0.78)	3.9		(0.82)
Urban	30.9		(1.33)	32.1		(1.71)	29.7		(1.84)	19.8		(1.71)	32.8		(2.43)	42.6		(2.17)	—		(†)	30.6		(4.09)	21.6		(3.42)	25.5		(2.32)	25.2		(2.63)	38.2		(3.25)	35.3		(2.82)	34.6		(2.81)	34.8		(2.75)	33.7		(1.50)	6.0		(1.62)
Suburban	18.4		(0.84)	20.5		(1.07)	16.3		(0.92)	13.8		(0.67)	28.3		(3.93)	34.6		(2.14)	—		(†)	18.2		(2.96)	7.5		(1.25)	13.2		(1.28)	16.2		(1.65)	24.3		(1.58)	24.1		(1.72)	20.4		(2.34)	19.3		(1.91)	19.9		(0.91)	2.4	!	(0.78)
Rural	12.3		(1.81)	12.2		(2.00)	12.4		(2.34)	10.7		(1.42)	21.8	!	(7.17)	12.7	!	(4.11)	—		(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	9.4		(2.56)	10.9	!	(3.26)	13.8		(3.00)	18.0		(3.50)	15.0		(3.30)	13.3		(3.60)	12.8		(2.02)	‡		(†)
2005
Total	24.2		(0.93)	25.3		(1.07)	22.9		(1.09)	16.8		(0.83)	37.6		(2.41)	38.9		(2.69)	20.2		(2.59)	27.7		(4.62)	12.1		(1.41)	17.3		(1.21)	19.1		(1.79)	28.3		(1.59)	32.6		(1.89)	28.0		(1.89)	27.9		(2.16)	25.8		(1.01)	4.2		(0.94)
Urban	36.2		(2.00)	37.4		(2.31)	35.0		(2.42)	23.7		(1.87)	41.8		(2.93)	48.9		(4.44)	25.0		(5.16)	33.9		(8.68)	19.9		(3.11)	24.2		(2.64)	30.5		(3.81)	40.3		(3.70)	50.6		(3.79)	44.3		(3.89)	39.5		(3.73)	39.1		(2.12)	7.7		(2.26)
Suburban	20.8		(0.93)	22.4		(1.14)	19.1		(1.15)	16.0		(0.87)	36.2		(4.41)	32.1		(2.52)	18.1		(2.87)	29.0		(6.12)	8.9		(1.52)	14.9		(1.46)	14.6		(2.01)	24.8		(1.92)	27.9		(2.37)	25.5		(2.21)	25.1		(2.60)	22.3		(1.01)	3.0	!	(1.02)
Rural	16.4		(2.53)	16.1		(3.20)	16.7		(2.79)	14.1		(2.46)	24.4		(6.75)	26.2		(6.51)	19.0	!	(9.22)	‡		(†)	8.3		(3.29)	15.2		(3.46)	14.7		(4.22)	21.0		(4.00)	22.0		(3.61)	13.3	!	(4.36)	15.8	!	(5.82)	17.2		(2.67)	‡		(†)
20072
Total	23.2		(0.80)	25.1		(1.07)	21.3		(0.87)	16.0		(0.70)	37.6		(2.26)	36.1		(2.04)	17.4		(2.72)	26.4		(3.63)	15.3		(1.99)	17.4		(1.28)	20.6		(1.68)	28.0		(1.51)	28.1		(1.73)	25.9		(1.61)	24.4		(1.69)	24.9		(0.87)	5.2		(1.14)
Urban	32.3		(1.49)	35.3		(2.01)	29.2		(1.62)	23.4		(1.98)	39.7		(3.07)	40.4		(2.90)	18.4		(4.30)	31.9		(6.10)	17.8		(3.45)	24.1		(2.96)	25.9		(2.90)	41.1		(3.40)	38.6		(3.36)	34.7		(3.05)	38.4		(4.01)	35.6		(1.61)	7.3		(2.07)
Suburban	21.0		(0.97)	23.1		(1.36)	18.9		(1.19)	15.9		(0.92)	35.5		(3.16)	33.3		(2.66)	16.3		(3.63)	29.0		(5.14)	14.0		(2.40)	15.4		(1.67)	19.6		(2.23)	23.1		(1.78)	26.6		(2.01)	23.6		(2.22)	22.4		(2.26)	22.7		(1.05)	2.8	!	(1.09)
Rural	15.5		(2.78)	14.9		(2.69)	16.1		(3.18)	10.9		(1.59)	36.8		(10.42)	27.5	!	(10.34)	‡		(†)	14.3	!	(6.01)	15.6	!	(6.21)	13.1		(2.79)	14.7		(4.26)	21.7		(4.43)	15.2		(3.39)	18.7		(3.98)	7.6	!	(2.90)	15.6		(2.91)	11.8	!	(5.84)
20092
Total	20.4		(0.85)	20.9		(1.12)	19.9		(1.03)	14.1		(0.79)	31.4		(2.62)	33.0		(2.20)	17.2		(3.21)	15.3		(4.07)	11.0		(1.76)	14.8		(1.70)	15.9		(1.60)	24.9		(2.01)	27.7		(1.75)	22.6		(1.53)	21.9		(2.02)	22.0		(0.89)	2.3	!	(0.82)
Urban	30.7		(1.86)	32.8		(2.35)	28.6		(2.29)	19.4		(1.99)	40.0		(3.76)	38.9		(3.31)	18.9		(4.63)	23.2	!	(9.05)	14.5		(4.13)	21.0		(3.37)	24.4		(3.24)	34.2		(4.01)	44.8		(3.41)	34.9		(4.08)	36.0		(4.32)	33.7		(1.94)	4.1	!	(1.83)
Suburban	16.6		(0.80)	17.2		(1.10)	16.0		(1.17)	13.5		(0.91)	20.2		(2.75)	28.3		(2.64)	14.5		(3.95)	14.8	!	(6.41)	9.7		(1.90)	11.2		(1.89)	11.8		(1.73)	22.4		(2.10)	21.0		(2.07)	19.4		(1.88)	17.6		(2.29)	18.1		(0.85)	‡		(†)
Rural	16.0		(3.08)	13.7		(3.37)	18.1		(3.18)	11.8		(2.09)	35.4		(9.77)	27.3	!	(10.84)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	8.3	!	(3.11)	16.5		(4.19)	14.2	!	(4.41)	18.8		(5.04)	19.6		(5.02)	13.4		(3.50)	17.3	!	(5.37)	16.2		(3.18)	‡		(†)
20112
Total	17.5		(0.71)	17.5		(0.95)	17.5		(0.88)	11.1		(0.67)	32.7		(2.23)	26.4		(1.55)	9.9		(2.24)	9.9		(2.12)	8.2		(1.20)	10.2		(1.08)	11.3		(1.02)	21.7		(1.47)	23.0		(1.63)	23.2		(1.74)	21.3		(1.82)	18.9		(0.77)	1.9	!	(0.69)
Urban	22.8		(1.34)	23.0		(1.90)	22.6		(1.53)	13.9		(1.60)	31.6		(2.75)	31.0		(2.34)	7.6	!	(2.29)	12.3		(3.41)	5.4	!	(1.98)	11.7		(2.02)	16.2		(2.29)	27.5		(3.12)	31.1		(3.13)	28.1		(3.17)	32.9		(3.88)	25.7		(1.47)	‡		(†)
Suburban	16.1		(0.97)	16.5		(1.24)	15.6		(1.18)	11.3		(0.89)	33.5		(4.08)	23.2		(1.95)	12.0	!	(3.69)	10.4	!	(3.54)	8.6		(1.79)	9.3		(1.37)	9.0		(1.22)	18.9		(1.79)	21.5		(2.10)	23.7		(2.46)	18.5		(2.27)	17.1		(1.01)	2.9	!	(1.20)
Rural	12.1		(2.42)	10.2		(2.23)	14.1		(3.18)	7.7		(1.31)	34.5		(6.62)	22.1	!	(10.47)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	11.1		(2.97)	10.1		(2.64)	9.6	!	(2.89)	19.3		(4.99)	13.9		(4.02)	10.6		(3.69)	9.2	!	(3.04)	12.5		(2.49)	‡		(†)

—Not available.

†Not applicable.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.

1 Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. "Other" includes American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians (prior to 2005), Pacific Islanders, and, from 2003 onward, persons reporting that they are of two or more races. Due to changes in racial/ethnic categories, comparisons of race/ethnicity across years should be made with caution.

2 Starting in 2007, the reference period was the school year, whereas in prior survey years the reference period was the previous 6 months. Cognitive testing showed that estimates from 2007 onward are comparable to previous years.

NOTE: Urbanicity refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status of the respondent's household as defined in 2000 by the U.S. Census Bureau. Categories include "central city of an MSA (Urban)," "in MSA but not in central city (Suburban)," and "not MSA (Rural)." All gangs, whether or not they are involved in violent or illegal activity, are included. "At school" includes in the school building, on school property, on a school bus, and going to and from school.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey, selected years, 2001 through 2011. (This table was prepared September 2013.)