Percentage is larger than the 2015 percentage at the .05 level of statistical significance.

Percentage is smaller than the 2015 percentage at the .05 level of statistical significance.

NOTE: U.S. trend tables show data for all available years. Standard error is abbreviated as s.e. The United States met guidelines for sample participation only after replacement schools were included in 1995 and 2011. The United States nearly satisfied guidelines for sample participation rates after replacement schools were included in 2007. The United States' National Defined Population covered 90 to 95 percent of the National Target Population in 2011 and 2015.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015.