Average score is higher than the U.S. average score (p < .05)
Average score is not measurably different from the U.S. average score (p < .05)
Average score is lower than the U.S. average score (p < .05)
¹ Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.
² National Target Population does not include all of the International Target Population defined by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).
³ Met guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included.
⁴ National Defined Population covers 90 percent to 95 percent of National Target Population.
⁵ Nearly satisfied guidelines for sample participation rates only after substitute schools were included.
⁶ Kuwait tested the same cohort of students as other countries, but later in 2007, at the beginning of the next school year.
⁷ National Defined Population covers less than 90 percent of National Target Population (but at least 77 percent).
NOTE: Countries are ordered by 2007 average score. The tests for significance take into account the standard error for the reported difference. Thus, a small difference between the United States and one country may be significant while a large difference between the United States and another country may not be significant. The standard errors of the estimates are shown in tables E-20 and E-21 available at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2009001.
SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2007.