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Table 32.  Number of public primary schools with security staff present at least once a week and number of full-time and part-time security staff present at least once a week, by type of security staff and selected school characteristics: School year 2015–16
 
  Total number of
schools with security
staff present at least
once a week
  Security guards or security personnel1   School resource officers2   Sworn law enforcement officers3  
School characteristic   Full time   Part time   Full time   Part time   Full time   Part time  
All public primary schools 22,290   6,510   3,990   5,130   11,210   1,850 ! 4,730  
                             
Enrollment size                            
Less than 300 3,170         1,740      
300–499 7,920   1,640   940 ! 2,020   3,800   550 ! 1,850 !
500–999 10,600   3,830   2,170   2,760   5,530     2,300  
1,000 or more 600   330 !          
                             
Locale                            
City 7,160   4,540   1,360 ! 1,230   2,850     1,940 !
Suburb 7,510   1,500 ! 1,490   1,630   4,330     1,920  
Town 3,130       1,120   1,180   400 ! 550 !
Rural 4,490     850 ! 1,140   2,850      
                             
Crime level where students live4                            
High 2,740   2,100 ! 580 ! 600 ! 880 !    
Moderate 4,910   2,110   730 ! 520 ! 3,200     990 !
Low 12,310   1,150   2,470   3,150   6,400   640 ! 3,180  
Mixed 2,320   1,150 !   870 ! 720 !    
                             
Percent combined enrollment of
Black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific
Islander, and American Indian/
Alaska Native students, and
students of Two or more races
                           
Less than 5 percent 800 ! #       730 !   #  
5 to less than 20 percent 5,300     830 ! 1,790   2,690     1,160 !
20 to less than 50 percent 4,280     530 ! 1,000 ! 2,910     910 !
50 percent or more 11,910   6,100   2,540   2,260   4,890     2,650 !
                             
Percent of students eligible for
free or reduced-price lunch
                           
0–25 percent 2,780       830 ! 1,690      
26–50 percent 5,090     710 ! 1,220   3,080     1,370 !
51–75 percent 6,140   560 ! 890 ! 1,820   2,980   420 ! 1,240  
More than 75 percent 8,280   4,600   1,820 ! 1,250   3,470   480 ! 1,240 !
                             
Percent of students below 15th
percentile on standardized tests
                           
0–5 percent 4,760   910 ! 970 ! 1,020 ! 2,400     1,330 !
6–15 percent 9,340   2,590   1,710   2,070   4,380   480 ! 2,410 !
More than 15 percent 8,190   3,020   1,310 ! 2,040   4,430     990 !
                             
Percent of students likely
to attend college
                           
0–35 percent 4,090   1,230 !   1,060 ! 2,650     680 !
36–60 percent 5,720   1,120 ! 1,000 ! 920 ! 2,740     1,000 !
More than 60 percent 12,470   4,160   2,580   3,140   5,810     3,050 !
                             
Percent of students who consider
academic achievement very important
                           
0–25 percent 760 !           #  
26–50 percent 3,800   720 !     2,220     870 !
51–75 percent 6,570   2,180 ! 1,020 ! 1,790   3,210     1,330 !
More than 75 percent 11,160   3,150   1,950   2,660   5,600   690 ! 2,520 !
                             
Percent male enrollment                            
0–44 percent 2,040   820 !   830 ! 560 !    
45–55 percent 18,480   4,940   3,820   3,820   9,800   1,480 ! 3,810  
More than 55 percent 1,760     #   480 ! 850 !    
                             
Student-to-FTE ratio5                            
Less than 12 students 2,500   1,220 !   340 ! 940 !    
12–16 students 8,400   2,180   1,570 ! 1,860   4,120   540 ! 1,370 !
More than 16 students 11,390   3,120   2,190   2,930   6,150     2,520  
                             
Number of classroom changes6                            
0–3 changes 8,850   3,160   1,350 ! 1,630   4,640     2,290 !
4–6 changes 11,170   2,880   1,850   3,000   5,330   880 ! 2,050 !
More than 6 changes 2,270       490 ! 1,240      
                             
Number of serious discipline problems7                            
No problems 18,510   5,060   3,890   4,250   9,070   1,580 ! 4,340  
1 problem 2,130   420 ! #   390 ! 1,390      
2 problems 1,170         580 !    
3 or more problems 480 !   #          
                             
Transfers as a percentage of enrollment8                            
Less than 6 percent 5,500   1,390   860 ! 1,620   2,110      
6 to less than 11 percent 4,420   1,690 ! 920 ! 1,140   2,050      
11 to less than 21 percent 6,150   1,770 ! 1,090 ! 1,120 ! 3,670     1,410  
21 percent or more 6,210   1,660 ! 1,120 ! 1,240   3,380     1,370 !
                             
Prevalence of schoolwide
disruptions9
                           
No disruptions 20,270   5,190   3,290   4,700   10,090   1,210   4,360  
Any disruptions 2,010     700 ! 430 ! 1,110 !    
                             
Percent of students absent
on a daily basis
                           
0–2 percent 1,990       840   960 !    
3–5 percent 12,790   2,780   2,690   2,930   6,140   750 ! 2,860 !
6–10 percent 6,180   2,190   1,140 ! 830   3,570     1,380 !
More than 10 percent 1,330         530 !    
                             
Prevalence of violent incidents10                            
No violent incidents 9,020   2,370 ! 1,390 ! 2,270   3,910     2,050 !
Any violent incidents 13,270   4,140   2,600   2,860   7,290   750 ! 2,670 !
# Rounds to zero.
! Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is from 30 percent to 50 percent of the estimate's value.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the standard error represents more than 50 percent of the estimate.
1Security guards or security personnel does not include sworn law enforcement.
2School resource officers include all career law enforcement officers with arrest authority, who have specialized training and are assigned to work in collaboration with school organizations.
3Sworn law enforcement includes sworn law enforcement officers who are not school resource officers.
4Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
5Student-to-FTE ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
6Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
7Serious discipline problems include student racial/ethnic tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers other than verbal abuse, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
8Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
9Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms
10Violent incidents include rape or attempted rape, sexual assault other than rape (including threatened rape), physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery (taking things with force) with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Primary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8. Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at the school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2015–16 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2016.