Table 28.2Percentage of public middle schools that monitored students in specified ways, by selected school characteristics: School year 2015

Crime and Safety Surveys

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Table 28.2 Percentage of public middle schools that monitored students in specified ways, by selected school characteristics: School year 2015–16

	Percentage of schools that monitored students in specified ways
School characteristic	Enforce a strict dress code	Require clear book bags or ban book bags on school grounds		Provide a structured anonymous threat reporting system¹	Require students to wear badges or picture IDs		Limit access to social networking websites²	Prohibit use of cell phones and text messaging devices during school hours
All public middle schools	70.0	8.2		54.2	13.0		92.7	73.3

Enrollment size
Less than 300	72.2	8.0	!	36.9	‡		97.6	78.7
300–499	71.3	7.8		51.4	9.0		92.2	73.5
500–999	69.8	8.2		57.5	15.1		91.8	72.4
1,000 or more	65.0	9.8		72.6	26.7		90.0	68.3

Locale
City	78.1	12.4		53.5	22.6		91.3	76.3
Suburb	64.0	6.2		57.8	12.4		93.0	71.3
Town	64.9	5.0	!	49.6	9.9	!	90.2	71.6
Rural	74.5	9.4	!	52.9	6.2	!	95.8	74.7

Crime level where students live³
High	91.1	8.6	!	42.5	20.8		97.6	88.7
Moderate	76.7	11.6		55.7	16.7		93.9	79.6
Low	66.2	6.1		54.5	9.1		91.8	70.3
Mixed	66.0	12.0		56.3	21.5		92.6	69.5

Percent combined enrollment of Black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, and American Indian/ Alaska Native students, and students of Two or more races
Less than 5 percent	75.7	‡		33.7	‡		97.3	69.2
5 to less than 20 percent	60.1	6.4		58.1	4.5		91.6	64.3
20 to less than 50 percent	63.5	7.5		58.5	9.0		93.0	71.1
50 percent or more	80.4	9.9		51.2	22.7		92.7	81.3

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch
0–25 percent	57.1	3.3	!	55.4	11.5		90.1	69.7
26–50 percent	65.5	7.3	!	57.5	8.1		91.3	67.2
51–75 percent	72.7	7.4		56.4	13.2		91.8	72.8
More than 75 percent	80.9	13.9		46.6	19.7		97.4	83.8

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	67.0	7.0		54.4	12.6		91.7	75.8
6–15 percent	66.6	5.9		51.8	11.1		92.2	68.7
More than 15 percent	75.6	11.5		56.6	15.4		94.0	76.3

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	75.2	13.5		50.2	12.4		92.9	77.4
36–60 percent	71.4	5.3	!	56.7	14.1		93.4	71.3
More than 60 percent	66.8	7.5		54.6	12.7		92.3	72.6

Percent of students who consider academic achievement very important
0–25 percent	77.3	‡		48.0	9.2	!	91.3	78.3
26–50 percent	65.8	12.6		54.2	12.2		94.4	70.0
51–75 percent	74.5	6.7		51.3	14.9		93.8	74.6
More than 75 percent	67.7	6.6		57.2	12.8		91.4	73.2

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	88.6	‡		63.9	15.3	!	98.0	81.1
45–55 percent	68.4	8.1		53.7	13.2		92.5	73.1
More than 55 percent	74.8	‡		51.2	‡		91.1	67.5

Student-to-FTE ratio⁴
Less than 12 students	68.3	10.6	!	45.8	‡		91.5	80.1
12–16 students	66.5	8.2		49.0	13.6		94.2	75.1
More than 16 students	73.5	7.6		61.0	15.1		91.8	70.0

Number of classroom changes⁵
0–3 changes	60.8	‡		58.9	‡		93.9	74.1
4–6 changes	72.9	12.6		54.0	14.1		92.4	73.1
More than 6 changes	68.8	5.9		54.0	12.7		92.8	73.4

Regular use of security staff⁶
Regular use	71.3	9.0		58.8	15.0		93.1	72.0
No regular use	66.3	6.2	!	41.7	7.6		91.8	77.0

Number of serious discipline problems⁷
No problems	71.1	6.3		50.8	11.0		94.2	76.3
1 problem	68.1	10.7		60.6	15.8		89.8	69.6
2 problems	66.0	20.5		61.7	19.8		87.6	59.8
3 or more problems	68.2	8.0	!	63.7	19.0	!	91.6	68.3

Transfers as a percentage of enrollment⁸
Less than 6 percent	67.2	7.1		57.5	15.9		92.4	72.9
6 to less than 11 percent	67.5	9.0		55.6	11.0		89.6	71.6
11 to less than 21 percent	73.0	8.3		51.2	11.8		94.9	75.1
21 percent or more	73.0	8.9		51.9	13.2		94.0	73.4

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions⁹
No disruptions	69.7	7.9		54.6	12.9		92.6	73.0
Any disruptions	72.9	11.2	!	50.1	14.0		94.1	76.8

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	65.9	‡		44.1	13.8	!	89.8	77.8
3–5 percent	67.9	7.8		56.3	14.5		93.9	72.0
6–10 percent	77.4	11.4		54.1	10.8		91.2	76.1
More than 10 percent	64.9	‡		49.0	‡		92.5	66.0

Prevalence of violent incidents ¹⁰
No violent incidents	63.3	‡		39.9	11.4	!	95.6	75.2
Any violent incidents	70.9	9.0		56.2	13.3		92.3	73.1
! Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is from 30 percent to 50 percent of the estimate's value.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the standard error represents more than 50 percent of the estimate.
¹Examples of structured anonymous threat reporting systems provided to respondents were online submission, telephone hotline, or written submission via drop box.
²Examples of social networking websites provided to respondents were Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, or Instagram.
³Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
⁴Student-to-FTE ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁵Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁶Regular use of security staff includes full- or part-time school resource officers, sworn law enforcement officers, or security guards or security personnel present at school at least once a week.
⁷Serious discipline problems include student racial/ethnic tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers other than verbal abuse, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
⁸Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
⁹Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
¹⁰Violent incidents include rape or attempted rape, sexual assault other than rape (including threatened rape), physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery (taking things with force) with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9. Detail may not sum to totals because schools may have reported using more than one of these practices. Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at the school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2015–16 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2016.

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