Table 22. Percentage of public secondary schools reporting use of selected violence prevention program components, by selected school characteristics: 1999

School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS)

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Table 22. Percentage of public secondary schools reporting use of selected violence prevention program components, by selected school characteristics: 1999–2000

School characteristic	Prevention curriculum, instruction, or training for students ¹	Behavioral or behavior modification intervention for students	Counseling, social work, psychological, or therapeutic activity for students or adults	Individual attention/ mentoring/ tutoring/ coaching of students by students or adults	Recrea- tional, enrichment, or leisure activities for students	Students’ involvement in resolving student conduct problems ²	Programs to promote sense of community/ social integration among students	Hotline/ tipline for students to report problems
All public secondary schools	54	58	61	58	52	47	52	37

Enrollment size
Less than 300	49	47	55	42	51	37	48	27
300–499	48	53	52	54	47	34	42	27
500–999	49	53	58	56	47	40	47	34
1,000 or more	61	68	68	69	57	60	60	48

Urbanicity
City	66	72	73	73	66	61	68	50
Urban fringe	55	63	63	64	52	53	55	41
Town	56	57	59	56	47	42	46	33
Rural	45	46	52	45	45	34	41	28

Crime level where students live³
High	83	83	80	80	80	59	74	53
Moderate	52	61	62	57	47	46	51	38
Low	52	56	58	56	50	44	50	36
Mixed	56	60	67	65	54	55	59	37

Percent minority enrollment³
0–5 percent	44	45	53	48	44	32	39	27
6–20 percent	51	57	60	58	51	48	49	41
21–50 percent	57	64	62	62	53	54	58	43
More than 50 percent	66	72	71	68	61	58	65	39

Percent of students eligible for free/reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	50	54	59	56	49	46	52	38
21–50 percent	55	57	59	60	51	46	50	38
More than 50 percent	60	69	67	59	59	48	57	34

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	49	53	56	51	48	43	51	37
6–15 percent	52	55	58	57	50	45	47	36
More than 15 percent	64	72	71	69	59	54	63	41

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	57	62	63	61	55	50	57	35
36–60 percent	52	52	57	54	47	40	45	37
More than 60 percent	54	60	62	60	53	49	54	39

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	43	52	53	46	46	37	48	25
26–50 percent	58	63	63	65	57	49	55	40
51–75 percent	58	60	62	59	53	47	50	39
More than 75 percent	51	56	60	57	49	46	53	37

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	75	74	77	73	68	55	74	46
45–55 percent	52	58	60	58	50	47	51	38
More than 55 percent	45	45	51	42	45	30	39	25

Student/teacher ratio³,⁴
Less than 12	48	51	56	51	44	36	47	29
12–16	55	61	64	62	53	50	54	44
More than 16	60	65	65	65	59	53	58	39

Number of classroom changes³
0–3 changes	47	52	50	51	51	42	48	35
4–6 changes	58	62	63	62	55	49	57	42
More than 6 changes	50	56	61	57	50	46	48	33

Use of paid law enforcement⁵
Regular use	56	60	62	60	52	49	53	40
No regular use	33	41	50	45	51	30	41	16

Number of serious discipline problems⁶
No problems	47	49	54	52	48	38	46	36
1 problem	56	61	63	60	56	49	58	35
2 problems	59	62	63	61	48	51	51	45
3 or more problems	62	72	70	67	57	58	59	36

Transfers as percentage of enrollment³,⁷
0 to 6 percent	52	57	58	57	53	47	53	35
6 to 11 percent	53	50	58	53	46	43	53	33
11 to 21 percent	57	66	67	62	57	41	55	44
21 percent or more	55	63	63	64	52	54	49	39

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions³,⁸
No disruptions	51	55	60	56	51	46	51	36
Any disruptions	62	69	64	65	53	50	56	42

Percent of students absent without excuses
None	42	40	49	39	45	33	41	27
1–2 percent	56	59	62	60	51	45	51	36
3–5 percent	53	61	63	62	55	49	53	40
6–10 percent	52	58	58	57	49	50	53	37
More than 10 percent	66	67	66	66	57	54	61	43

Prevalence of violent incidents³,⁹
No violent incidents	50	49	58	52	54	47	56	22
Any violent incidents	54	59	61	59	51	46	51	39
¹ For example, social skills training.
² For example, conflict resolution or peer mediation, student court.
³ Some schools are omitted from these categories because of missing data on their school characteristics. For this reason, the detailed results do not sum to the totals. See appendix J of 2000 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) Detailed Data Documentation (NCES 2004-307) for further information.
⁴ Student/teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time equivalent teachers. The total number of full-time equivalent teachers is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers, including special education teachers, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁵ Schools were included as regularly using paid law enforcement if they reported the use of paid law enforcement during any of the following times: at any time during school hours, while students were arriving or leaving, at selected school activities (e.g., athletic and social events, open houses, science fairs), or at any other time that the respondent specified.
⁶ Serious discipline problems is a count of discipline problems reported by principals. These discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, and student acts of disrespect for teachers. If a principal reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems. Undesirable gang activities and undesirable cult or extremist group activities were also counted once as a problem if the principal reported that these events occurred at all in their school.
⁷ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school, divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
⁸ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as bomb threats or anthrax threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
⁹ Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. "At school/at your school" was defined for respondents as including activities happening in school buildings, on school grounds, on school buses, and at places that are holding school-sponsored events or activities. Respondents were instructed to, unless the survey specified otherwise, only respond for those times that were during normal school hours or when school activities/events were in session. A gang was defined for respondents as, "an ongoing loosely organized association of three or more persons, whether formal or informal, that has a common name, signs, symbols or colors, whose members engage, either individually or collectively, in violent or other forms of illegal behavior." Secondary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 12.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2000.

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