Table 19. Percentage of public middle schools reporting the use of selected practices to involve parents in school discipline, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003

School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS)

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Table 19. Percentage of public middle schools reporting the use of selected practices to involve parents in school discipline, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003–04

School characteristic	Have a formal process to obtain parent input on policies related to school crime and discipline	Provide training or technical assistance to parents in dealing with students' problem behavior	Have a program that involves parents at school helping to maintain school discipline
All public schools	60	49	19

Enrollment size
Less than 300	53	44	18
300–499	57	45	17
500–999	60	48	19
1,000 or more	68	65	24

Urbanicity
City	65	57	29
Urban fringe	61	49	17
Town	56	44	18
Rural	54	45	15

Crime level where students live¹
High	69	68	25
Moderate	63	53	24
Low	54	46	16
Mixed	69	46	21

Percent minority enrollment²
Less than 5 percent	43	40	8
5 to 20 percent	56	50	14
20 to 50 percent	64	43	18
50 percent or more	70	59	31

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch	56	50	11
0–20 percent	56	45	14
21–50 percent	65	53	29
More than 50 percent

Percent of students below 15^th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	60	49	15
6–15 percent	57	48	17
More than 15 percent	62	51	25

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	64	52	22
36–60 percent	57	45	19
More than 60 percent	58	51	17

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	57	45	18
26–50 percent	62	53	23
51–75 percent	56	46	19
More than 75 percent	63	52	18

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	62	49	26
45–55 percent	59	49	19
More than 55 percent	58	54	19

Student-to-teacher ratio³
Less than 12 students	59	46	18
12–16 students	58	51	19
More than 16 students	63	53	24

Number of classroom changes⁴
0–3 changes	51	35	13
4–6 changes	62	53	22
More than 6 changes	59	48	18

Regular use of law enforcement⁵
Regular use	64	51	21
No regular use	51	45	15

Number of serious discipline problems⁶
No problems	57	49	18
1 problem	55	48	18
2 problems	67	47	25
3 or more problems	64	55	18

Transfers as a percentage of enrollment⁷
0 to 6 percent	60	49	18
6 to 11 percent	61	53	19
11 to 21 percent	59	46	18
21 percent or more	59	50	22

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions⁸
No disruptions	58	49	19
Any disruptions	72	48	17

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	56	45	24
3–5 percent	59	50	18
6–10 percent	61	50	20
More than 10 percent	58	47	18

Prevalence of violent incidents⁹
No violent incidents	50	61	19
Any violent incidents	60	48	19
¹ Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
² These estimates exclude data from Tennessee because schools in this state did not report estimates of student race.
³ Student-to-teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁴ Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁵ Respondents were asked, "During the 2003–2004 school year, did you have any sworn law enforcement officers, security guards, or security personnel present at your school on a regular basis?"
⁶ Serious discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
⁷ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
⁸ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
⁹ Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2004.

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