Table 26. Mean number of practices for monitoring access to campus used per public primary school, and the percentage of public primary schools that monitored access to campus in specified ways, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003

School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS)

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Table 26. Mean number of practices for monitoring access to campus used per public primary school, and the percentage of public primary schools that monitored access to campus in specified ways, by selected school characteristics: School year 2003–04

School characteristic	Mean number of practices for monitoring access to campus used per school¹	Require visitors to sign or check in	Control access to school buildings during school hours²	Control access to school grounds during school hours³	Require students to pass through metal detectors each day	Require visitors to pass through metal detectors	Perform one or more random metal detector checks on students	Close the campus for most students during lunch
All public schools	3	98	84	37	#	#	3	58

Enrollment size
Less than 300	3	93	81	31	#	#	3	58
300–499	3	100	87	35	#	#	3	59
500–999	3	99	83	41	#	1	2	57
1,000 or more	3	100	88	57	#	3	3	59

Urbanicity
City	3	100	87	46	#	1	6	58
Urban fringe	3	99	90	37	#	#	1	52
Town	3	100	78	34	1	#	3	58
Rural	3	94	75	28	#	#	1	65

Crime level where students live⁴
High	3	100	92	54	#	3	12	57
Moderate	3	100	85	42	#	#	2	68
Low	3	97	83	33	#	#	1	56
Mixed	3	99	83	35	#	#	3	53

Percent minority enrollment⁵
Less than 5 percent	3	95	81	24	#	#	1	61
5 to 20 percent	3	98	87	33	#	#	1	58
20 to 50 percent	3	98	85	41	#	#	2	59
50 percent or more	3	100	82	45	#	1	5	57

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	3	96	92	33	1	#	1	54
21–50 percent	3	97	82	29	#	#	1	60
More than 50 percent	3	100	81	44	#	1	4	59

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	3	97	86	38	#	1	3	58
6–15 percent	3	98	84	32	#	#	1	56
More than 15 percent	3	99	81	42	#	#	4	62

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	3	99	79	36	#	1	3	59
36–60 percent	3	98	83	34	#	#	3	61
More than 60 percent	3	97	89	39	#	#	1	55

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	3	97	77	22	#	1	4	61
26–50 percent	3	98	81	36	#	#	2	57
51–75 percent	3	97	78	38	#	#	1	57
More than 75 percent	3	99	91	39	#	#	3	59

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	3	97	98	40	#	#	2	46
45–55 percent	3	99	83	36	#	#	2	60
More than 55 percent	3	95	80	39	#	1	3	49

Student-to-teacher ratio⁶
Less than 12 students	3	96	80	35	#	#	3	53
12–16 students	3	100	89	37	#	#	2	64
More than 16 students	3	98	83	42	#	#	1	59

Number of classroom changes⁷
0–3 changes	3	99	86	42	#	#	2	55
4–6 changes	3	98	84	32	#	#	3	60
More than 6 changes	3	95	77	41	#	2	5	62

Regular use of law enforcement⁸
Regular use	3	99	83	41	#	1	5	59
No regular use	3	97	84	34	#	#	1	58

Number of serious discipline problems⁹
No problems	3	98	84	37	#	#	2	58
1 problem	3	99	83	33	#	#	4	59
2 problems	3	100	87	46	#	2	3	62
3 or more problems	3	100	78	35	#	#	4	55

Transfers as a percentage of enrollment¹⁰
0 to 6 percent	3	94	84	40	#	1	1	55
6 to 11 percent	3	99	83	36	1	#	3	63
11 to 21 percent	3	100	88	37	#	#	2	54
21 percent or more	3	98	81	36	#	#	4	60

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions¹¹
No disruptions	3	98	84	36	#	#	2	58
Any disruptions	3	100	77	49	#	4	9	58

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	3	92	90	36	#	#	#	60
3–5 percent	3	99	84	35	#	#	2	57
6–10 percent	3	98	84	41	#	1	4	60
More than 10 percent	3	95	72	36	#	#	4	51

Prevalence of violent incidents¹²
No violent incidents	3	95	84	34	#	#	1	50
Any violent incidents	3	99	84	38	#	#	3	61
# Rounds to zero.
¹ Data represent the mean number of "yes" responses to the practices listed.
² Examples of controlled access to school buildings provided to respondents were locked or monitored doors.
³ Examples of controlled access to school grounds provided to respondents were locked or monitored gates.
⁴ Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime,"and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
⁵ These estimates exclude data from Tennessee because schools in this state did not report estimates of student race.
⁶ Student-to-teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁷ Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁸ Respondents were asked, "During the 2003–2004 school year, did you have any sworn law enforcement officers, security guards, or security personnel present at your school on a regular basis?"
⁹ Serious discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
¹⁰ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
¹¹ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
¹² Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2004.

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