Table 9. Number and percentage of public elementary schools reporting violent and other incidents of gang-related crimes with the number of incidents reported, by selected school characteristics: 1999

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Table 9. Number and percentage of public elementary schools reporting violent and other incidents of gang-related crimes with the number of incidents reported, by selected school characteristics: 1999–2000

School characteristic	Violent incidents¹			Serious violent incidents²			Theft³			Other incidents⁴
School characteristic	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents	Num- ber of schools	Per- cent of schools	Num- ber of incidents
All public elementary schools	712	1	4,659	‡	‡	‡	210	#	408	2,233	4	5,860

Enrollment size
Less than 300	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡
300–499	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	329	2	906
500–999	632	3	4,579	‡	‡	‡	210	1	408	1,493	8	4,014
1,000 or more	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡

Urbanicity
City	561	4	4,508	‡	‡	‡	210	2	408	1,114	8	3,041
Urban fringe	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	805	5	2,032
Town	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#
Rural	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	314	2	787

Crime level where students live⁵
High	324	8	3,814	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	619	15	2,169
Moderate	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	812	9	2,212
Low	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	532	2	1,130
Mixed	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	269	7	349

Percent minority enrollment⁵
0–5 percent	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡
6–20 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡
21–50 percent	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	452	5	1,934
More than 50 percent	647	4	4,594	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	1,570	11	3,539

Percent of students eligible for free/reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡
21–50 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	367	2	742
More than 50 percent	647	3	4,594	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	1,803	8	5,055

Percent of students below 15th percentile on standardized tests
0–5 percent	209	1	533	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	272	2	352
6–15 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	423	2	691
More than 15 percent	432	3	4,055	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	1,538	10	4,817

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	556	3	3,063	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	1,405	9	3,693
36–60 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	768	4	2,107
More than 60 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡

Percent of students who consider academic achievement important
0–25 percent	221	6	2,205	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	406	12	662
26–50 percent	216	2	388	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	637	6	2,308
51–75 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	481	3	1,284
More than 75 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	709	4	1,606

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	250	4	1,301
45–55 percent	469	1	2,727	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	1,605	4	4,027
More than 55 percent	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	377	6	531

Student/teacher ratio⁵,⁶
Less than 12	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	221	1	382
12–16	276	2	1,604	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	963	6	2,563
More than 16	330	2	2,895	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	955	6	2,820

Number of classroom changes⁵
0–3 changes	334	2	3,684	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	1,299	6	3,075
4–6 changes	351	2	896	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	853	4	2,623
More than 6 changes	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡

Use of paid law enforcement⁷
Regular use	583	3	4,206	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	1,163	6	3,348
No regular use	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	1,070	3	2,512

Number of serious discipline problems⁸
No problems	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	436	1	812
1 problem	204	2	1,775	#	#	#	#	#	#	558	6	1,140
2 problems	253	6	512	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	302	7	574
3 or more problems	184	4	2,301	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	936	22	3,334

Transfers as percentage of enrollment⁵,⁹
0 to 6 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	210	2	453
6 to 11 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	337	3	795
11 to 21 percent	275	2	1,833	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	379	3	885
21 percent or more	292	2	2,276	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	1,089	7	3,017

Prevalence of schoolwide disruptions⁵,¹⁰
No disruptions	712	2	4,659	‡	‡	‡	210	#	408	1,949	4	5,089
Any disruptions	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡

Percent of students absent without excuses
None	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡
1–2 percent	334	2	776	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	1,183	6	3,059
3–5 percent	211	2	2,335	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	433	3	1,020
6–10 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡	‡
More than 10 percent	‡	‡	‡	#	#	#	#	#	#	390	19	1,554
# Rounds to zero.
‡ Reporting standards not met.
¹ Violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
² Serious violent incidents include rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with a weapon, threat of physical attack with a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
³ Theft/larceny (taking things over $10 without personal confrontation) was defined for respondents as, "the unlawful taking of another person's property without personal confrontation, threat, violence, or bodily harm. Included are pocket picking, stealing purse or backpack (if left unattended or no force was used to take it from owner), theft from a building, theft from a motor vehicle or motor vehicle parts or accessories, theft of bicycles, theft from vending machines, and all other types of thefts."
⁴ Other incidents include possession of a firearm or explosive device, possession of a knife or sharp object, distribution of illegal drugs, possession or use of alcohol or illegal drugs, sexual harassment, or vandalism.
⁵ Some schools are omitted from these categories because of missing data on their school characteristics. For this reason, the detailed results do not sum to the totals. See appendix J of 2000 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) Detailed Data Documentation (NCES 2004-307) for further information.
⁶ Student/teacher ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time equivalent teachers. The total number of full-time equivalent teachers is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers, including special education teachers, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁷ Schools were included as regularly using paid law enforcement if they reported the use of paid law enforcement during any of the following times: at any time during school hours, while students were arriving or leaving, at selected school activities (e.g., athletic and social events, open houses, science fairs), or at any other time that the respondent specified.
⁸ Serious discipline problems is a count of discipline problems reported by principals. These discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, and student acts of disrespect for teachers. If a principal reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems. Undesirable gang activities and undesirable cult or extremist group activities were also counted once as a problem if the principal reported that these events occurred at all in their school.
⁹ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school, divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
¹⁰ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as bomb threats or anthrax threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. "At school/at your school" was defined for respondents as including activities happening in school buildings, on school grounds, on school buses, and at places that are holding school-sponsored events or activities. Respondents were instructed to, unless the survey specified otherwise, only respond for those times that were during normal school hours or when school activities/events were in session. A gang was defined for respondents as, "an ongoing loosely organized association of three or more persons, whether formal or informal, that has a common name, signs, symbols or colors, whose members engage, either individually or collectively, in violent or other forms of illegal behavior." Elementary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2000.

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