Table 13. Percentage of public schools reporting that specified disciplinary actions were allowable, by selected school characteristics: School year 2005

Crime and Safety Surveys

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Table 13. Percentage of public schools reporting that specified disciplinary actions were allowable, by selected school characteristics: School year 2005–06

	Percentage of schools allowing specific disciplinary action
School characteristic	Referral to school counselor	Assigned to a program to reduce disciplinary problems during school hours	Assigned to a program to reduce disciplinary problems outside of school hours	Kept off school bus due to misbe- havior	Corporal punish- ment		Put on school proba- tion	Detention and/or Saturday school	Loss of student privileges	Require partici- pation in community service
All public schools	94	54	35	86	15		60	70	94	30

Level¹
Primary	92	51	30	82	12		49	56	93	22
Middle	98	64	46	94	15		71	89	96	41
High school	98	57	44	85	13		81	92	95	47
Combined	93	48	34	88	34		74	82	92	31

Enrollment size
Less than 300	93	47	31	79	18		58	68	91	25
300–499	93	56	34	89	16		55	61	93	25
500–999	95	54	34	87	14		60	71	95	33
1,000 or more	98	65	50	87	8		76	89	95	45

Urbanicity
City	91	57	39	76	5		54	65	93	33
Urban fringe	94	52	34	85	8		60	71	94	30
Town	96	55	33	94	27		65	67	95	31
Rural	96	53	34	91	26		63	73	94	28

Crime level where students live²
High	92	65	45	75	10		60	69	95	39
Moderate	93	54	39	80	15		57	68	95	31
Low	95	51	32	88	16		59	69	93	28
Mixed	95	61	36	90	11		69	74	94	33

Percent minority enrollment³
Less than 5 percent	96	52	41	88	14		62	77	93	25
5 to 20 percent	95	53	28	89	11		58	69	93	29
20 to 50 percent	94	54	33	87	19		59	67	95	33
50 percent or more	92	56	40	79	12		60	69	93	32

Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch
0–20 percent	93	47	35	83	3		61	69	93	33
21–50 percent	96	58	33	89	15		60	73	96	28
More than 50 percent	94	55	37	84	21		60	67	93	30

Percent of students below 15th per- centile on stan- dardized tests
0–5 percent	94	50	32	83	13		56	65	92	28
6–15 percent	95	55	35	88	15		63	70	95	30
More than 15 percent	93	58	39	85	16		62	76	94	34

Percent of students likely to attend college
0–35 percent	93	55	39	84	20		61	66	94	31
36–60 percent	96	58	38	91	16		62	74	95	29
More than 60 percent	94	51	31	82	10		57	69	93	30

Percent of students who consider academic achieve- ment important
0–25 percent	90	56	40	75	24		60	72	88	33
26–50 percent	94	53	38	86	21		65	69	95	31
51–75 percent	95	57	35	88	14		64	76	96	32
More than 75 percent	95	53	33	85	11		55	65	93	28

Percent male enrollment
0–44 percent	97	51	40	81	15		61	65	89	27
45–55 percent	94	54	35	87	15		60	70	95	31
More than 55 percent	92	55	35	80	16		57	66	90	28

Student-to-FTE ratio⁴
Less than 12 students	95	54	35	84	16		59	68	93	28
12–16 students	95	54	33	91	18		60	69	94	33
More than 16 students	89	54	41	78	6		64	75	96	32

Number of class- room changes⁵
0–3 changes	89	49	30	78	11		48	56	92	21
4–6 changes	95	57	36	88	14		60	69	94	29
More than 6 changes	97	55	39	89	20		70	84	95	39

Regular use of law enforcement⁶
Regular use	98	61	42	87	17		70	79	94	38
No regular use	92	49	30	84	13		53	63	93	24

Number of serious discipline pro- blems⁷
No problems	94	51	33	83	16		57	66	92	27
1 problem	96	58	34	88	12		65	75	95	37
2 problems	92	70	45	92	7		67	75	98	38
3 or more problems	96	60	44	90	13		71	83	96	35

Transfers as a per- centage of enroll- ment⁸
0 to 6 percent	91	42	32	79	10		54	70	89	25
6 to 11 percent	97	60	39	89	15		60	70	92	32
11 to 21 percent	95	58	33	85	15		63	71	96	29
21 percent or more	94	54	36	88	17		61	68	95	33

Prevalence of school- wide disruptions⁹
No disruptions	94	53	34	85	15		59	69	93	29
Any disruptions	96	68	50	87	7		79	84	98	46

Percent of students absent on a daily basis
0–2 percent	90	53	28	83	12		58	61	90	22
3–5 percent	95	54	34	85	15		58	70	93	31
6–10 percent	95	54	38	91	16		65	74	96	31
More than 10 percent	90	55	44	74	10	!	58	61	93	33

Prevalence of violent incidents¹⁰
No violent incidents	90	41	25	79	13		42	51	88	16
Any violent incidents	95	58	38	87	15		65	75	95	34
! Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is from 30 percent to 50 percent of the estimate’s value.
¹ Primary schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not higher than grade 3 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 8. Middle schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 4 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 9. High schools are defined as schools in which the lowest grade is not lower than grade 9 and the highest grade is not higher than grade 12. Combined schools include all other combinations of grades, including K–12 schools.
² Respondents were asked, "How would you describe the crime level in the area(s) in which your students live?" Response options included "high level of crime," "moderate level of crime," "low level of crime," and "students come from areas with very different levels of crime."
³ Responding schools that did not have race/ethnicity on the sampling frame (2 percent of schools) are excluded from the base.
⁴ Student-to-FTE ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of students enrolled in the school by the total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides. The total number of full-time-equivalent teachers and aides is a combination of the full-time and part-time teachers and aides, including special education teachers and aides, with an adjustment to compensate for the part-time status.
⁵ Respondents were asked, "How many classroom changes do most students make in a typical day?" Responses exclude morning arrival and afternoon departure.
⁶ Respondents were asked, "During the 2005–2006 school year, did you have any sworn law enforcement officers, security guards, or security personnel present at your school at least once a week?"
⁷ Serious discipline problems include student racial tensions, student bullying, student sexual harassment of other students, student verbal abuse of teachers, widespread disorder in classrooms, student acts of disrespect for teachers, gang activities, and cult or extremist group activities. If a respondent reported that any of these problems occurred daily or weekly in their school, each was counted once in the total number of serious discipline problems.
⁸ Transfers as a percentage of enrollment combines the number of students who were transferred to a school and the number of students who were transferred from a school divided by the total number of students enrolled in the school.
⁹ Schoolwide disruptions include actions that disrupted school activities such as death threats, bomb threats, and chemical, biological, or radiological threats. Respondents were instructed to exclude all fire alarms, including false alarms.
¹⁰ Violent incidents include rape or attempted rape, sexual battery other than rape, physical attack or fight with or without a weapon, threat of physical attack with or without a weapon, and robbery with or without a weapon.
NOTE: Responses were provided by the principal or the person most knowledgeable about crime and safety issues at the school.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 2005–06 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), 2006.

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