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Table 5. Percentage of public school districts that used pay incentives for various reasons, by state: 2011–12


State To reward teachers who have attained National Board for Professional Teaching Standards certification   To reward excellence in teaching   To recruit or retain teachers to teach in a less desirable location   To recruit or retain teachers to teach in fields of shortage  
United States 24.5   11.3   5.6   13.5  
                 
Alabama 66.3   1.8   7.1   9.4  
Alaska 22.4   2.0   12.4   10.4 !
Arizona 20.0   26.0   12.2 ! 23.9  
Arkansas 62.4   10.6   13.1   17.0  
California 21.5   2.3   4.9   8.5  
                 
Colorado 16.9   15.3   4.3   21.0  
Connecticut 15.9   0.6   #   4.6  
Delaware 40.7   #   13.0   14.1  
District of Columbia ‡   56.7   ‡   ‡  
Florida 58.7   36.7   35.7   39.0  
                 
Georgia 16.9   6.4 ! 12.1   17.4  
Hawaii ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡  
Idaho 19.1   38.0   14.8   25.4  
Illinois 31.1   4.4 ! 4.3 ! 5.6  
Indiana 21.5   13.7   8.3 ! 8.3  
                 
Iowa 14.1   ‡   ‡   18.7  
Kansas 26.0   4.3 ! 7.4   18.0  
Kentucky 85.2   2.3   3.2   14.3  
Louisiana 63.9   45.4 ! 24.9   ‡  
Maine 23.5   3.2 ! #   1.2  
                 
Maryland 85.9 ! 29.7 ! 27.7 ! 27.7 !
Massachusetts 13.7 ! 11.8 ! 2.2 ! 10.5 !
Michigan 11.4   26.0   ‡   3.9 !
Minnesota 20.2   19.3   ‡   2.4  
Mississippi 80.5   6.5   14.3 ! 23.9  
                 
Missouri 12.8   10.5   1.6 ! 9.8  
Montana 9.0   ‡   ‡   3.6 !
Nebraska 8.8   4.1 ! #   #  
Nevada 71.5 ! ‡   ‡   30.2 !
New Hampshire 5.4   #   #   ‡  
                 
New Jersey 7.1   ‡   0.8 ! 4.0  
New Mexico 57.6   9.7   12.5   15.7  
New York 21.4   2.0   2.4 ! 5.3  
North Carolina 53.7   14.4   9.3   9.1  
North Dakota 13.7   5.0   3.3 ! 19.7  
                 
Ohio 22.1   17.6   6.8 ! 7.4 !
Oklahoma 42.9   ‡   ‡   ‡  
Oregon 21.4   10.9   2.0   9.8  
Pennsylvania 16.6   10.7 ! ‡   11.8 !
Rhode Island 49.0   #   #   2.1  
                 
South Carolina 73.1   32.0   21.6   28.1  
South Dakota 22.3   ‡   3.3   7.1 !
Tennessee 17.0   13.3   8.5   28.4  
Texas 3.6 ! 16.8   7.4   37.7  
Utah 36.3   48.2   5.9   37.9  
                 
Vermont 38.7   #   #   11.8  
Virginia 40.3   7.3 ! 13.0   38.1  
Washington 77.3   3.3   3.1   5.0  
West Virginia 65.3   ‡   3.2   12.7  
Wisconsin 33.6   5.8 ! 8.4   19.0  
Wyoming 66.7   8.1   8.0   16.6  
# Rounds to zero.
! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 percent and 50 percent (i.e., the standard error is at least 30 percent and less than 50 percent of the estimate).
‡ Reporting standards not met. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 50 percent or greater (i.e., the standard error is 50 percent or more of the estimate) or the response rate is below 50 percent.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), "Public School District Data File," 2011–12.

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