Collaborative Problem Solving: Student Economic, Cultural and Social Status (ESCS)

Average Scores

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Table CPS5. Average scores of 15-year-old students on the PISA collaborative problem solving scale, by national quarters of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) and education system: 2015
Education system	All students			National quarters of the ESCS index
				Bottom quarter			Second quarter			Third quarter			Top quarter			Top to bottom quarter
	Average score	s.e.		Average score	s.e.		Average score	s.e.		Average score	s.e.		Average score	s.e.		Score gap		s.e.
OECD average	500	0.5		468	0.7		491	0.7		510	0.7		536	0.7		69		1.0
Macau (China)	534	1.2		524	3.0		535	2.7		536	3.2		541	3.0		17		4.5
Iceland	499	2.3		485	4.4		494	4.4		508	4.1		515	4.1		29		5.4
Hong Kong (China)	541	2.9		525	3.9		539	4.0		542	4.2		560	4.7		35		6.0
Montenegro, Republic of	416	1.3		395	2.2		412	2.6		420	2.5		438	2.4		43		3.5
Norway	502	2.5		479	3.5		497	3.7		512	4.2		527	3.6		47		4.2
Tunisia	382	1.9		363	2.4		372	2.6		381	2.8		412	4.1		48		4.5
Korea, Republic of	538	2.5		515	3.5		530	3.4		546	3.9		563	4.2		49		5.3
Cyprus	444	1.7		423	3.4		436	3.3		447	3.3		473	3.9		50		5.2
Japan	552	2.7		524	3.5		548	3.7		559	3.7		577	3.1		52		4.0
Latvia	485	2.3		458	3.5		476	3.7		494	4.1		513	3.5		55		5.0
Turkey	422	3.4		398	4.8		416	4.1		424	4.0		453	6.4		55		7.4
Estonia	535	2.5		508	3.9		529	4.1		542	3.6		565	3.1		56		4.6
United Arab Emirates	435	2.4		402	3.2		430	3.8		453	3.0		459	3.1		58		3.8
Denmark	520	2.5		493	3.5		511	3.6		527	4.1		551	3.8		58		4.8
Spain	496	2.1		469	3.5		486	3.2		505	3.2		528	3.2		59		4.5
Russian Federation	473	3.4		440	4.4		468	5.0		489	5.2		502	4.2		62		5.4
Finland	534	2.6		504	4.4		522	4.1		543	4.1		566	4.0		62		5.9
Costa Rica	441	2.4		416	3.3		427	3.1		444	3.7		478	4.1		63		5.1
Canada	535	2.3		504	3.3		528	2.9		548	3.5		567	3.1		63		4.1
Thailand	436	3.5		414	4.0		419	3.6		436	4.4		477	7.7		64		8.7
Croatia	473	2.5		446	3.6		461	3.7		475	3.5		511	4.2		64		5.2
Italy	478	2.5		445	4.3		474	3.5		488	3.5		510	3.7		65		5.4
Chinese Taipei	527	2.5		495	3.8		517	3.2		535	3.8		560	4.2		65		5.8
Netherlands	518	2.4		489	3.5		504	3.7		525	3.7		555	4.5		66		5.8
Slovenia	502	1.8		472	3.7		487	3.4		512	3.3		538	2.9		67		5.0
Mexico	433	2.5		400	3.6		423	3.2		443	3.9		468	3.8		68		5.1
Sweden	510	3.4		477	3.5		497	4.0		527	4.3		546	5.9		69		5.9
United Kingdom	519	2.7		489	3.6		503	4.6		532	3.7		559	4.2		69		5.2
Brazil	412	2.3		384	2.6		403	2.5		414	3.3		454	4.7		70		5.0
Greece	459	3.6		427	4.9		448	4.7		465	4.9		497	4.5		71		5.6
Lithuania	467	2.5		434	3.3		455	3.1		479	4.5		505	3.7		71		4.9
Australia	531	1.9		498	2.8		522	3.0		544	3.0		570	3.4		72		4.4
Portugal	498	2.6		465	3.7		489	3.7		502	4.4		538	4.5		73		5.4
Austria	509	2.6		474	3.9		497	4.0		523	3.2		548	4.4		74		5.4
Germany	525	2.8		497	4.5		524	4.1		539	4.1		571	4.2		74		5.6
Slovak Republic	463	2.4		427	4.2		455	2.8		470	3.3		503	4.4		76		5.9
Chile	457	2.7		420	3.6		455	4.1		461	3.8		496	4.0		76		5.0
New Zealand	533	2.4		496	4.8		528	4.8		547	4.0		572	4.2		76		6.9
Czech Republic	499	2.2		461	4.4		488	3.6		509	3.5		539	3.2		78		6.1
United States	520	3.6		486	4.4		503	4.3		533	6.0		565	5.3		79		6.5
Singapore	561	1.2		519	2.7		552	2.8		575	3.1		600	3.2		81		4.2
Colombia	429	2.3		392	3.2		414	3.2		436	3.2		474	4.8		82		6.0
Uruguay	443	2.3		407	3.0		428	3.3		449	3.9		489	4.5		82		5.4
Israel	469	3.6		422	5.4		460	4.9		495	5.5		505	4.5		83		7.0
Belgium	501	2.4		458	3.9		486	3.0		517	3.3		548	3.7		89		5.2
France	494	2.4		454	3.5		480	3.9		508	3.8		543	4.1		90		5.0
Luxembourg	491	1.5		448	3.3		480	3.3		501	3.1		541	3.1		93		4.4
Bulgaria	444	3.9		398	5.5		429	4.9		460	4.9		495	4.4		97		6.4
Hungary	472	2.4		425	3.8		462	4.0		479	3.9		524	3.9		99		5.5
B-S-J-G (China)	496	4.0		447	4.8		485	5.4		504	4.5		549	7.4		101		8.6
Peru	418	2.5		364	2.7		409	3.8		431	3.7		467	4.7		103		5.5
U.S. state education systems
Massachusetts	549	6.2		506	8.3		535	7.7		572	5.5		588	8.4		82		10.9
North Carolina	525	5.3		500	7.5		508	7.4		529	6.5		564	7.0		64		9.1

Score gap is larger than U.S. score gap at the .05 level of statistical significance.

Score gap is smaller than U.S. score gap at the .05 level of statistical significance.

NOTE: The PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) was created using student reports on parental occupation, the highest level of parental education, and an index of home possessions related to family wealth, home educational resources and possessions related to “classical” culture in the family home. The home possessions relating to "classical" culture in the family home included possessions such as works of classical literature, books of poetry, and works of art (e.g., paintings). Education systems are ordered by the score gap from smallest to largest. Average scores by quartile are calculated based on the distribution of student scores within each education system. Scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000. The OECD average is the average of the national average scores of the 32 OECD member countries that participated in the collaborative problem solving assessment, with each system weighted equally. Score differences were computed using unrounded numbers. Standard error is noted by s.e. Italics indicate non-OECD countries and education systems. B-S-J-G (China) refers to the four PISA participating China provinces: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong. Malaysia administered the collaborative problem solving assessment but due to sampling issues its data were deemed not comparable and thus are not shown here. Results for Massachusetts and North Carolina are for public school students only. SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2015.