Table T3. Average scores and changes in average scores of 15-year-old students on PISA science literacy scale, by education system: 2006, 2009, and 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Education system | Average score | Change in average score | ||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2009 | 2012 | 2012-2006 | 2012-2009 | ||||||||||||||
Score | s.e. | Score | s.e. | Score | s.e. | Score | s.e. | Score | s.e. | |||||||||
OECD trend score1 | 498 | 0.5 | 501 | 0.5 | 501 | 0.5 | 3 | * | 0.9 | # | † | |||||||
Shanghai-China | — | † | 575 | 2.3 | 580 | 3.0 | — | † | 6 | 4.3 | ||||||||
Hong Kong-China | 542 | 2.5 | 549 | 2.8 | 555 | 2.6 | 13 | * | 5.0 | 6 | 4.3 | |||||||
Singapore | — | † | 542 | 1.4 | 551 | 1.5 | — | † | 10 | * | ![]() |
2.9 | ||||||
Japan | 531 | 3.4 | 539 | 3.4 | 547 | 3.6 | 15 | * | 6.1 | 7 | 5.4 | |||||||
Finland | 563 | 2.0 | 554 | 2.3 | 545 | 2.2 | -18 | * | ![]() |
4.6 | -9 | * | 3.8 | |||||
Estonia | 531 | 2.5 | 528 | 2.7 | 541 | 1.9 | 10 | * | 4.7 | 14 | * | ![]() |
3.9 | |||||
Korea, Republic of | 522 | 3.4 | 538 | 3.4 | 538 | 3.7 | 16 | * | 6.1 | # | † | |||||||
Vietnam | — | † | — | † | 528 | 4.3 | — | † | — | † | ||||||||
Poland | 498 | 2.3 | 508 | 2.4 | 526 | 3.1 | 28 | * | ![]() |
5.3 | 18 | * | ![]() |
4.4 | ||||
Canada | 534 | 2.0 | 529 | 1.6 | 525 | 1.9 | -9 | * | ![]() |
4.5 | -3 | 3.2 | ||||||
Liechtenstein | 522 | 4.1 | 520 | 3.4 | 525 | 3.5 | 3 | 6.5 | 5 | 5.3 | ||||||||
Germany | 516 | 3.8 | 520 | 2.8 | 524 | 3.0 | 8 | 6.0 | 4 | 4.5 | ||||||||
Chinese Taipei | 532 | 3.6 | 520 | 2.6 | 523 | 2.3 | -9 | ![]() |
5.5 | 3 | 4.0 | |||||||
Netherlands | 525 | 2.7 | 522 | 5.4 | 522 | 3.5 | -3 | 5.7 | # | † | ||||||||
Ireland | 508 | 3.2 | 508 | 3.3 | 522 | 2.5 | 14 | * | 5.3 | 14 | * | ![]() |
4.5 | |||||
Australia | 527 | 2.3 | 527 | 2.5 | 521 | 1.8 | -5 | 4.5 | -6 | 3.7 | ||||||||
Macao-China | 511 | 1.1 | 511 | 1.0 | 521 | 0.8 | 10 | * | 3.8 | 10 | * | ![]() |
2.4 | |||||
New Zealand | 530 | 2.7 | 532 | 2.6 | 516 | 2.1 | -15 | * | ![]() |
4.9 | -16 | * | 3.9 | |||||
Switzerland | 512 | 3.2 | 517 | 2.8 | 515 | 2.7 | 4 | 5.4 | -1 | 4.4 | ||||||||
Slovenia | 519 | 1.1 | 512 | 1.1 | 514 | 1.3 | -5 | 3.9 | 2 | 2.6 | ||||||||
United Kingdom | 515 | 2.3 | 514 | 2.5 | 514 | 3.4 | -1 | 5.4 | # | † | ||||||||
Czech Republic | 513 | 3.5 | 500 | 3.0 | 508 | 3.0 | -5 | 5.8 | 8 | 4.7 | ||||||||
Austria | 511 | 3.9 | 494 | 3.2 | 506 | 2.7 | -5 | 5.9 | 11 | * | ![]() |
4.7 | ||||||
Belgium | 510 | 2.5 | 507 | 2.5 | 505 | 2.2 | -5 | 4.8 | -2 | 3.9 | ||||||||
Latvia | 490 | 3.0 | 494 | 3.1 | 502 | 2.8 | 13 | * | 5.4 | 8 | 4.6 | |||||||
France | 495 | 3.4 | 498 | 3.6 | 499 | 2.6 | 4 | 5.5 | 1 | 4.9 | ||||||||
Denmark | 496 | 3.1 | 499 | 2.5 | 498 | 2.7 | 3 | 5.4 | -1 | 4.2 | ||||||||
United States | 489 | 4.2 | 502 | 3.6 | 497 | 3.8 | 9 | 6.7 | -5 | 5.6 | ||||||||
Spain | 488 | 2.6 | 488 | 2.1 | 496 | 1.8 | 8 | 4.7 | 8 | * | 3.4 | |||||||
Lithuania | 488 | 2.8 | 491 | 2.9 | 496 | 2.6 | 8 | 5.1 | 4 | 4.4 | ||||||||
Norway | 487 | 3.1 | 500 | 2.6 | 495 | 3.1 | 8 | 5.6 | -5 | 4.5 | ||||||||
Hungary | 504 | 2.7 | 503 | 3.1 | 494 | 2.9 | -10 | ![]() |
5.3 | -8 | 4.8 | |||||||
Italy | 475 | 2.0 | 489 | 1.8 | 494 | 1.9 | 18 | * | 4.5 | 5 | 3.3 | |||||||
Croatia | 493 | 2.4 | 486 | 2.8 | 491 | 3.1 | -2 | 5.3 | 5 | 4.7 | ||||||||
Luxembourg | 486 | 1.1 | 484 | 1.2 | 491 | 1.3 | 5 | 3.9 | 7 | * | 2.7 | |||||||
Portugal | 474 | 3.0 | 493 | 2.9 | 489 | 3.7 | 15 | * | 6.0 | -4 | 5.1 | |||||||
Russian Federation | 479 | 3.7 | 478 | 3.3 | 486 | 2.9 | 7 | 5.8 | 8 | 4.8 | ||||||||
Sweden | 503 | 2.4 | 495 | 2.7 | 485 | 3.0 | -19 | * | ![]() |
5.2 | -10 | * | 4.5 | |||||
Iceland | 491 | 1.6 | 496 | 1.4 | 478 | 2.1 | -13 | * | ![]() |
4.4 | -17 | * | ![]() |
3.2 | ||||
Slovak Republic | 488 | 2.6 | 490 | 3.0 | 471 | 3.6 | -17 | * | 5.7 | -19 | * | 5.1 | ||||||
Israel | 454 | 3.7 | 455 | 3.1 | 470 | 5.0 | 16 | * | 7.1 | 15 | * | ![]() |
6.2 | |||||
Greece | 473 | 3.2 | 470 | 4.0 | 467 | 3.1 | -7 | 5.7 | -3 | 5.5 | ||||||||
Turkey | 424 | 3.8 | 454 | 3.6 | 463 | 3.9 | 40 | * | ![]() |
6.5 | 10 | 5.7 | ||||||
United Arab Emirates | — | † | — | † | 448 | 2.8 | — | † | — | † | ||||||||
Bulgaria | 434 | 6.1 | 439 | 5.9 | 446 | 4.8 | 12 | 8.5 | 7 | 7.8 | ||||||||
Chile | 438 | 4.3 | 447 | 2.9 | 445 | 2.9 | 7 | 6.3 | -3 | 4.6 | ||||||||
Serbia, Republic of2 | 436 | 3.0 | 443 | 2.4 | 445 | 3.4 | 9 | 5.8 | 2 | 4.6 | ||||||||
Thailand | 421 | 2.1 | 425 | 3.0 | 444 | 2.9 | 23 | * | 5.1 | 19 | * | ![]() |
4.6 | |||||
Romania | 418 | 4.2 | 428 | 3.4 | 439 | 3.3 | 20 | * | 6.4 | 11 | * | ![]() |
5.1 | |||||
Cyprus | — | † | — | † | 438 | 1.2 | — | † | — | † | ||||||||
Costa Rica3 | — | † | 430 | 2.8 | 429 | 2.9 | — | † | -1 | 4.5 | ||||||||
Kazakhstan | — | † | 400 | 3.1 | 425 | 3.0 | — | † | 24 | * | ![]() |
4.8 | ||||||
Malaysia3 | — | † | 422 | 2.7 | 420 | 3.0 | — | † | -3 | 4.5 | ||||||||
Uruguay | 428 | 2.7 | 427 | 2.6 | 416 | 2.8 | -12 | * | ![]() |
5.2 | -11 | * | 4.3 | |||||
Mexico | 410 | 2.7 | 416 | 1.8 | 415 | 1.3 | 5 | 4.6 | -1 | 3.0 | ||||||||
Montenegro, Republic of2 | 412 | 1.1 | 401 | 2.0 | 410 | 1.1 | -2 | 3.8 | 9 | * | ![]() |
3.0 | ||||||
Jordan | 422 | 2.8 | 415 | 3.5 | 409 | 3.1 | -13 | * | ![]() |
5.5 | -6 | 5.1 | ||||||
Argentina | 391 | 6.1 | 401 | 4.6 | 406 | 3.9 | 14 | 8.0 | 5 | 6.3 | ||||||||
Brazil | 390 | 2.8 | 405 | 2.4 | 405 | 2.1 | 14 | * | 5.0 | -1 | 3.8 | |||||||
Colombia | 388 | 3.4 | 402 | 3.6 | 399 | 3.1 | 11 | 5.7 | -3 | 5.2 | ||||||||
Tunisia | 386 | 3.0 | 401 | 2.7 | 398 | 3.5 | 13 | * | 5.7 | -3 | 4.8 | |||||||
Albania | — | † | 391 | 3.9 | 397 | 2.4 | — | † | 7 | 5.1 | ||||||||
Qatar | 349 | 0.9 | 379 | 0.9 | 384 | 0.7 | 34 | * | ![]() |
3.7 | 4 | 2.3 | ||||||
Indonesia | 393 | 5.7 | 383 | 3.8 | 382 | 3.8 | -12 | ![]() |
7.7 | -1 | 5.7 | |||||||
Peru | — | † | 369 | 3.5 | 373 | 3.6 | — | † | 4 | 5.4 | ||||||||
![]() ![]() — Not available. † Not applicable. # Rounds to zero. * p<.05. Change in average score is significant at a05 level of statistical significance. 1The OECD trend scores are based on the averages of the 34 OECD countries with each country weighted equally. The OECD excluded the data for Austria from the trend analysis in its report (OECD, PISA 2009 Results: Learning Trends - Changes in Student Performance Since 2000 (Volume V), available at http://www.pisa.oecd.org) because of a concern over a data collection issue in 2009; however, after consultation with Austrian officials, NCES kept the Austrian data in the U.S. trend reporting. 2The Republics of Montenegro and Serbia were a united country under the PISA 2003 assessment. 3For Costa Rica and Malaysia the change between PISA 2009 and PISA 2012 represents change between 2010 and 2012 because these education systems implemented the PISA 2009 assessment in 2010 as part of PISA 2009. NOTE: Education systems are ordered by 2012 average score. The PISA science framework was revised in 2006. Because of changes in the framework, it is not possible to compare science learning outcomes from PISA 2000 and 2003 with those from PISA 2006, 2009, and 2012. Scores are reported on a scale from 0 to 1,000. All average scores reported as higher or lower than the comparison year are different at the .05 significance level of statistical significance. Standard error is noted by s.e. Italics indicate non-OECD countries and education systems. SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2006, 2009, 2012. |