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Percentage of public schools where various methods were used to organize students in classes, by state: 2017–18

State Students are assigned
based on their ability1		   Student groups assigned
to stay in classes together
for two or more years
with the same teacher2		   Student groups assigned
to stay in classes together
for two or more years
with different teachers 		  Multi-age grouping
or composite classes3		  
United States 31.6   11.7   10.9   24.0  
                 
Alabama 25.7   6.9 ! 7.8 ! 21.0  
Alaska 44.7   34.8   24.4   51.6  
Arizona 34.6   10.8   13.7   27.8  
Arkansas 22.4   9.8   8.3 ! 21.2  
California 25.8   9.6   9.9   28.4  
                 
Colorado 32.8   13.0   9.4 ! 27.1  
Connecticut 34.2   15.3   8.8 ! 21.4  
Delaware 35.0   20.9   14.1   27.5  
District of Columbia 19.5   26.6   22.7   18.5  
Florida 50.4   16.3   14.4   28.4  
                 
Georgia 45.5   19.3   9.0 ! 13.0  
Hawaii 28.1   17.3   18.7   33.9  
Idaho 41.2   17.3   8.6 ! 31.3  
Illinois 34.5   7.8   12.8   22.0  
Indiana 47.3   11.3 ! 10.9 ! 22.1  
                 
Iowa 23.7   6.5   7.4 ! 17.6  
Kansas 29.6   8.0 ! 11.0 ! 14.5  
Kentucky 29.5   5.7 ! 12.2 ! 18.9  
Louisiana 32.7   6.5 ! 9.9 ! 19.6  
Maine 20.8   25.7   22.2   31.1  
                 
Maryland ‡   ‡   ‡   ‡  
Massachusetts 28.6   13.2   9.0 ! 14.2  
Michigan 25.0   12.5   7.6   32.2  
Minnesota 38.4   19.7   10.4   38.6  
Mississippi 25.2   9.7 ! 8.9 ! 19.4  
                 
Missouri 28.4   12.2   11.5   28.4  
Montana 35.0   24.7   8.0   40.3  
Nebraska 39.6   9.9 ! 22.7   18.3  
Nevada 30.3   16.5   9.0   27.9  
New Hampshire 32.8   21.0   10.1   35.5  
                 
New Jersey 36.3   10.1   9.1   18.6  
New Mexico 18.9   14.4   19.1   23.4  
New York 21.5   11.0   16.9   22.2  
North Carolina 46.3   15.3   16.4   30.9  
North Dakota 30.0   12.3 ! 19.3   27.3  
                 
Ohio 39.9   8.9   4.9   19.8  
Oklahoma 26.3   9.8   8.5   16.0  
Oregon 31.1   17.9   7.7   26.7  
Pennsylvania 39.4   7.4   9.1   16.7  
Rhode Island 19.8   9.0   11.0   13.9  
                 
South Carolina 34.0   16.6   7.5 ! 24.6  
South Dakota 21.6   11.2 ! 9.3   28.7  
Tennessee 33.4   8.2 ! 6.5 ! 14.5  
Texas 22.7   6.5   10.8   17.0  
Utah 30.3   8.3   10.2   29.6  
               
Vermont 12.0   50.3   21.0   47.1  
Virginia 29.0   12.2   8.7   26.1  
Washington 30.1   21.0   13.1   35.1  
West Virginia 21.7   6.4 ! 10.3 ! 18.6  
Wisconsin 22.1   8.6 ! 4.5 ! 29.0  
Wyoming 42.2   13.9   10.7   28.2  
! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 percent and 50 percent (i.e., the standard error is at least 30 percent and less than 50 percent of the estimate).
‡ Reporting standards not met. The response rate is below 50 percent.
1 Students are assigned based on their ability is often referred to as tracking.
2 Student groups assigned to stay in classes together for two or more years with the same teacher is often referred to as looping.
3 Multi-age grouping or composite classes are classes where most students who are normally in different grades are placed together.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS), "Public School Data File," 2017–18.

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