Percentage of public school teachers who reported that they have a great deal of influence over selected school policies, by selected school and teacher characteristics and state: 2020–21

Selected school and teacher characteristic and state	Setting performance standards for students at this school	Establishing curriculum	Determining the content of in-service professional development programs	Evaluating teachers		Hiring new full-time teachers		Setting discipline policy		Deciding how the school budget will be spent
All public school teachers	15.4	21.6	10.8	3.4		5.9		7.6		3.3

School classification
Traditional public	15.0	20.9	10.5	3.2		5.7		7.3		3.2
Charter school	21.9	31.3	15.2	6.1		8.1		11.7		4.6

Community type
City	15.1	19.4	11.7	3.7		6.3		8.3		4.0
Suburban	13.9	19.6	10.4	3.2		5.3		6.7		2.9
Town	16.7	24.4	10.5	3.4		6.4		7.2		3.3
Rural	17.8	26.3	10.6	3.5		6.1		8.5		3.1

School level, based on CCD definition¹
Elementary	14.7	14.3	10.3	3.3		6.8		9.0		3.7
Middle	14.7	22.9	10.8	3.3		4.9		7.2		2.9
Secondary/high	16.1	29.9	11.2	3.4		5.2		5.5		2.8
Combined/other	19.8	32.5	12.4	4.6		5.8		8.5		3.7

School level, based on low and high grades²
Primary	14.7	14.5	10.3	3.3		6.8		8.9		3.7
Middle	14.7	22.9	11.0	3.4		4.9		7.3		3.1
High	15.6	30.1	11.1	3.3		5.1		5.3		2.8
Combined	21.2	33.5	12.5	4.8		5.4		8.3		3.4

Student enrollment
Less than 100	25.3	34.4	14.1	6.9		8.2		13.9		4.8
100–199	25.2	34.6	13.1	5.9		9.0		12.0		4.6
200–499	15.6	18.9	10.1	3.2		6.8		8.5		3.3
500–749	15.5	19.3	10.6	3.6		6.0		8.5		3.9
750–999	14.2	20.9	11.8	3.0		4.8		6.3		2.7
1,000 or more	13.3	24.5	10.8	2.9		4.4		4.8		2.6

Percent of K–12 students who were approved for free or reduced-price lunches³
0–34	15.9	24.7	10.7	3.0		6.3		7.1		2.5
35–49	15.5	23.4	10.1	2.9		6.2		6.9		3.1
50–74	14.7	21.0	10.6	3.2		5.4		7.4		2.8
75 or more	15.4	18.1	11.3	4.1		5.7		8.5		4.4

Teacher age
Less than 30	14.4	20.8	10.6	5.1		7.3		9.8		4.6
30–49	15.4	22.3	10.6	3.1		5.9		7.2		3.2
50–54	15.4	20.9	10.5	2.5		5.4		6.7		2.7
55 or more	16.5	20.3	11.7	3.6		5.3		7.7		3.1

Teacher sex⁴
Female	15.1	20.1	10.7	3.2		6.1		7.5		3.2
Male	16.5	26.5	11.1	4.1		5.3		7.9		3.7

Teacher race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic	20.8	26.2	12.7	5.0	!	6.1	!	6.6		2.1	!
Asian, non-Hispanic	23.2	28.3	16.2	7.8		9.3		14.0		7.2
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	15.4	16.8	12.4	5.6		6.6		9.2		4.9
Hispanic, regardless of race	17.5	21.3	12.9	5.7		6.9		9.6		5.3
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	20.1	25.4	16.5	‡		‡		11.1	!	‡
White, non-Hispanic	14.9	21.8	10.2	2.8		5.6		7.1		2.9
Two or more races, non-Hispanic	14.8	19.5	11.5	3.8		6.8		7.0		3.0

Teacher highest degree earned
Bachelor's degree or less	15.7	21.3	10.9	4.0		6.5		8.6		3.5
Master's degree	15.2	21.9	10.5	3.0		5.6		7.0		3.1
Higher than a master's degree⁵	15.7	21.0	11.5	3.4		4.9		6.8		3.4

Teacher base salary
Less than $40,000	18.4	26.6	12.1	5.4		7.5		10.6		3.9
$40,000–$54,999	15.1	20.0	10.7	3.7		6.0		7.9		3.5
$55,000–$69,999	15.0	21.0	10.1	3.1		5.9		7.2		3.1
$70,000 or more	15.4	22.8	11.2	2.7		5.3		6.8		3.1

Main teaching assignment
Early Childhood or General Elementary	14.8	14.6	9.8	3.3		6.8		8.8		3.5
Special Education	14.3	17.3	12.3	4.4		6.3		7.0		3.5
Arts and Music	17.5	30.9	11.0	3.1		4.4		8.9		4.3
English and Language Arts	15.6	27.1	10.7	2.7		5.0		6.3		2.2
English as a Second Language (ESL) or Bilingual Education	13.3	15.9	9.4	4.1		6.5		8.1		3.4
Foreign Languages	19.2	34.8	13.9	4.5		6.4		7.1		3.4
Health Education	18.7	26.9	12.4	3.6		5.9		8.7		4.2
Mathematics and Computer Science	16.5	25.7	10.2	3.1		5.1		7.0		2.6
Natural Sciences	15.5	28.1	10.6	2.5		5.0		6.2		2.7
Social Sciences	13.6	25.3	9.8	2.8		5.0		5.8		2.5
Career or Technical Education	16.4	30.7	12.4	4.5		5.1		6.2		4.5
All Other	18.2	23.0	17.3	5.1		6.6		9.2		5.0

State
Alabama	14.3	11.8	10.8	3.5		4.3		8.3		14.5
Alaska	18.4	24.2	12.8	3.5		8.1		11.4		1.7	!
Arizona	17.1	19.8	11.4	3.9		7.4		9.2		2.6
Arkansas	20.3	22.2	11.6	3.6		4.5		7.7		2.6
California	20.4	26.6	12.5	3.7		6.0		9.9		5.2
Colorado	15.7	26.8	11.6	3.6		13.9		9.1		4.0
Connecticut	11.3	21.0	7.2	1.3		4.0		4.1		1.8
Delaware	10.1	12.3	8.6	1.4	!	2.9	!	4.4		1.6	!
District of Columbia	16.2	21.4	11.0	7.0		9.0		10.6		5.3
Florida	12.3	12.0	11.5	3.7		4.0		7.2		2.9
Georgia	16.1	15.5	14.2	5.3		6.3		9.9		5.4
Hawaii	20.6	29.5	13.8	3.1		3.0		7.5		4.3
Idaho	22.5	28.8	13.8	3.4		12.2		12.8		2.6
Illinois	19.5	33.1	12.4	4.0		6.9		7.9		3.4
Indiana	11.0	22.5	8.2	2.4	!	4.4		4.8		0.5	!
Iowa	20.5	22.5	8.8	3.6	!	4.7	!	8.0		‡
Kansas	16.2	26.9	9.6	2.1	!	5.0		7.9		1.8	!
Kentucky	20.6	29.5	13.6	6.2		6.7		13.6		6.7
Louisiana	16.3	11.8	10.9	6.2		4.5	!	9.2	!	3.6	!
Maine	16.9	28.7	8.6	2.7		10.3		7.5		3.3
Maryland	11.7	11.5	14.2	5.0		5.3		9.8		6.2
Massachusetts	11.9	24.2	6.2	1.9	!	7.0		4.8		1.7	!
Michigan	13.1	20.9	8.2	1.7		5.7		7.6		0.9	!
Minnesota	15.5	30.7	16.1	5.2	!	5.4		7.9		2.7	!
Mississippi	15.4	12.8	14.0	6.7		6.0		6.0		4.5
Missouri	16.5	30.5	12.1	3.5		5.8		6.3		4.2
Montana	21.4	34.4	12.1	3.1	!	5.7		11.5		2.0	!
Nebraska	16.9	28.3	5.4	0.8	!	4.8		5.2		2.1
Nevada	16.9	21.6	12.0	4.4		8.1		9.0		5.9
New Hampshire	13.9	24.9	6.4	2.2	!	11.7		5.5		1.7	!
New Jersey	10.0	18.4	9.9	2.1		2.2		3.4		1.1	!
New Mexico	25.5	29.6	14.2	4.9		9.1		10.1		4.4
New York	14.7	26.0	12.0	3.6		5.6		6.8		3.1
North Carolina	12.9	13.4	11.0	3.5		5.9		8.0		4.2
North Dakota	22.4	31.8	8.4	3.6	!	4.0		7.5		2.4	!
Ohio	12.1	17.3	9.4	2.1		4.2		7.0		1.4
Oklahoma	13.7	23.7	6.8	2.7	!	3.0		6.0		1.4	!
Oregon	15.6	25.6	11.8	2.3		7.7		6.2		1.8	!
Pennsylvania	8.7	17.5	6.4	1.2		1.8		4.3		2.1
Rhode Island	10.0	16.0	9.0	1.3	!	4.3	!	3.3	!	1.4	!
South Carolina	18.7	17.8	13.6	5.9		6.8		9.3		3.8
South Dakota	16.5	28.4	6.4	1.6	!	5.9		5.1		1.5	!
Tennessee	16.8	16.8	10.8	3.8		7.5		9.3		4.6
Texas	15.4	19.4	10.4	4.2		7.0		8.2		3.6
Utah	22.2	28.7	12.5	3.3		10.7		11.3		2.8
Vermont	19.5	29.3	5.6	2.1	!	12.5		4.6		1.8	!
Virginia	9.3	15.9	7.9	1.4		3.6		4.6		1.6
Washington	19.2	21.9	9.5	2.5		8.4		8.1		2.8
West Virginia	18.3	17.5	13.4	4.1		16.5		14.2		10.2
Wisconsin	21.2	27.8	10.3	2.3	!	9.2		7.6		2.5
Wyoming	25.4	33.1	8.7	2.2	!	6.5		7.7		1.8	!

! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 percent and 50 percent (i.e., the standard error is at least 30 percent and less than 50 percent of the estimate).

‡ Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable analysis, or the coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 50 percent or greater (i.e., the standard error is 50 percent or more of the estimate).

¹School level based on the definitions set by Common Core of Data (CCD). Elementary schools offer at least one grade of K through 4, and the number of elementary grades is higher than the number of middle grades. Middle schools offer at least one of grades 5 through 8, and the number of middle grades is greater than the number of elementary or secondary grades. Secondary/high schools are defined as schools that enroll students in more of grades 9 through 12 than in lower grades. Combined/other schools include all other combinations of grades, including K–12 schools. These categories differ from past NTPS collections, so caution should be exercised when comparing estimates by level over time.

²School level based on low and high grades offered by the school. Primary schools offer at least one grade lower than 5 and no grade higher than 8. Middle schools offer no grade lower than 5 and no grade higher than 8. High schools offer no grade lower than 7 and at least one grade higher than 8. Combined schools offer at least one grade lower than 7 and at least one grade higher than 8. Schools with only ungraded classes were included with combined schools. These categories are provided because they are comparable to those used in previous NTPS publications.

³Schools that don’t participate in the free or reduced-price lunch program are included with the "0–34" percent category.

⁴Teachers were asked whether they were male or female. Although this variable is labeled “sex,” the questionnaire did not use the terms either “gender” or “sex.”

⁵Higher than a master’s degree is defined as a teacher who completed any of the following: an educational specialist or professional diploma, a certificate of advanced graduate studies, or a doctorate or first professional degree.

NOTE: Data are weighted estimates of the population.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS), "Public School Teacher Data File," 2020–21.