Participating Countries

This table provides a summary of participation in international large-scale studies since 1994. It does not indicate how many times a country or education system participated in a study if it participated more than once. For details on how many times a country or education system participated, see the participating country lists for the individual studies.

● = Participated in more than one administration of the study.

○ = Participated in a single administration of the study.

	Study
	PIRLS	ePIRLS	TIMSS			ICILS	CivEd	ICCS	PISA	IALS	ALL	PIAAC	TALIS
	PIRLS	ePIRLS	Grade 4	Grade 8	Advanced	ICILS	CivEd	ICCS	PISA	IALS	ALL	PIAAC	TALIS
First administered:	2001	2016	1995	1995	1995	2013	1999	2009	2000	1994	2003	2012	2008
Most recent administration:	2021	2016	2023	2023	2015	2023	1999	2022	2025	1998	2008	2023	2024
Number of cycles:	5	1	7	8	3	3	1	3	9	1¹	1¹	2¹	4
Education system
Abu Dhabi – United Arab Emirates	●	○	●	●									○
Albania	○		●						●				○
Alberta – Canada	●		●	●									●
Algeria			○	○					○
Andalusia – Spain	●
Argentina²	○			●					●
Armenia²			●	●	○				○
Australia	●		●	●	○	○	○		●	○	○	○	●
Austria	●		●	●	○	○		○	●			●	●
Azerbaijan	●		●	○		○			●				○
Bahrain	●		●	●									○
Baku City – Azerbaijan									●
Basque Country – Spain				●
Belarus									○
Belgium									●				●
Belgium (Flemish) – Belgium	●		●	●		○		●		○		●	●
Belgium (French) – Belgium	●		○	○			○						○
Belize	○
Bermuda											○
Bosnia and Herzegovina			●	○		○			○
Botswana	○		○	●
Brazil	○		○	○				○	●				●
British Columbia – Canada	●		○	●
Brunei Darussalam									●
Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong – China									○
Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang – China									●
Buenos Aires – Argentina²	○		○	○		○			○				○
Bulgaria	●		●	●			○	●	●				●
Cambodia									●
Canada	●	○	●	●	○				●	○	○	●
Chile	○		●	●		●	○	●	●	○		●	●
Chinese Taipei – China	●	○	●	●		○		●	●				○
Colombia	●		○	●			○	●	●				●
Costa Rica									●				○
Cote D'Ivoire				○
Croatia	●		●			●		●	●			○	●
Cyprus	●		●	●	○	○	○	●	●			○	●
Czech Republic	●		●	●	○	●	○	○	●	○		●	●
Denmark²	●	○	●	○	○	●	○	●	●	○		●	●
Dominican Republic								●	●
Dubai – United Arab Emirates	●	○	●	●					○
Dushanbe – Tajikistan									○
Ecuador									○			○
Egypt	●			●
El Salvador			○	○					●
English/Afrikaans – South Africa	●
England and Northern Ireland – United Kingdom												○
England – United Kingdom²	●		●	●			○	○		○		●	●
Estonia				○			○	●	●			●	●
Finland	●		●	●		●	○	●	●	○		●	●
France	●		●	●	●	●		○	●			●	●
Guanteng – South Africa				○
Georgia	●	○	●	●					●				●
Germany	●		●	○	○	●	○		●	○		●
Ghana				●
Greece	○		○	○	○	○	○	○	●			○
Guatemala								○	●
Himachal Pradesh – India									○
Honduras	○		○	○
Hong Kong – China²	●		●	●		○	○	●	●
Hungary	●		●	●		○	○		●	○	○	●	●
Iceland	●		○	○					●				●
Indonesia²	●		●	●				○	●			○
Iran, Islamic Republic of	●		●	●	○
Iraq, Republic of			○
Ireland	●	○	●	●				○	●	○		●	○
Israel	●	○	○	●	○				●			●	●
Italy²	●	○	●	●	●	●	○	●	●	○	○	●	●
Jamaica									○
Japan			●	●					●			●	●
Jordan	○		●	●					●
Kazakhstan²	●		●	●		●			●			○	●
Kenya									○
Korea, Republic of			●	●		●		●	●			●	●
Kosovo	○		●			○			●				○
Kurdistan – Iraq			○						○
Kuwait	●		●	●
Kyrgyz Republic									●
Latvia	●		●	●	○	○	○	●	●			○	●
Lebanon				●	●				●
Liechtenstein								○	●
Lithuania	●		●	●	○	○	○	●	●			●	●
Luxembourg	○					●		○	●
Macao – China	●		○						●
Madrid – Spain	○		○
Malaysia²				●					●				●
Malta	●		●	●		○		●	●				●
Maltese – Malta	○
Mauritius									●
Mexico²			○	○				●	●			○	●
Miranda – Venezuela									○
Moldova, Republic of	●		○	●					●
Mongolia²			○	○					●
Montenegro, Republic of	○		●						●				○
Morocco²	●		●	●					●				○
Moscow City – Russian Federation	●		●	●		●
Netherlands²	●		●	●	○	●		●	●	○	○	●	●
New Zealand	●		●	●				○	●	○	○	●	●
Newfoundland and Labrador – Canada	○					○
North Macedonia, Republic of	●		●	●					●				○
North Rhine-Westphalia – Germany						●		●
Northern Ireland – United Kingdom	●		●							○		○
Norway	●	○	●	●	●	●	○	●	●	○	○	●	●
Nova Scotia – Canada	○
Nuevo Leon (Northern Mexico)											○
Oman	●		●	●		○
Ontario – Canada²	●		●	●		○
Pakistan			○
Palestinian National Authority				●					●
Panama									●
Paraguay								○	●
Peru								○	●			○
Philippines²			●	●	○				●
Poland	●		●			○	○	●	●	○		●	●
Portugal	●	○	●	●	○	●	○		●			○	●
Qatar	●		●	●					●
Quebec – Canada	●		●	●
Romania	●		●	●		○	○	○	●				●
Russian Federation²	●		●	●	●	○	○	○	●			○	●
Rwanda									○
Saudi Arabia	●		●	●					●				●
Scotland – United Kingdom	●		●	●					○
Serbia	○		●	●		○		○	●				●
Serbia and Montenegro³									○
Shanghai – China									●				●
Sharjah – United Arab Emirates			○	○
Schleswig-Holstein – Germany								○
Singapore	●	○	●	●					●			●	●
Slovak Republic	●		●	●		●	○	●	●			●	●
Slovenia	●	○	●	●	●	●	○	●	●	○		○	●
South Africa	●		●	●									●
Spain	●		●	○		○		●	●			●	●
Sweden	●	○	●	●	●	○	○	●	●	○		●	●
Switzerland²				○	○	○	○	○	●	○	○	○
Switzerland (Italian-speaking)										○
Syrian Arab Republic				●
Tamil Nadu – India									○
Thailand			●	●		○		○	●
Trinidad and Tobago	●								●
Tunisia			●	●					●
Turkey	●		●	●		○			●			○	●
Ukraine			○	●					○
Ukraine (Regions)⁴									●
United Arab Emirates	●	○	●	●					●				●
United Kingdom									●
United States²	●	○	●	●	●	●	○		●	○	○	●	●
Uruguay						●			●
Uzbekistan	○		○	○					●				○
Vietnam									●				●
Western Cape – South Africa				○
Yemen²			●
Zambia									○
Total	86	16	94	94	25	47	28	41	110	22	11	43	64

U.S. states and territories
Alabama				○
California				○
Colorado			○	○
Connecticut				●					○
Florida	○		●	●					○
Idaho				○
Illinois				●
Indiana			○	●
Maryland				○
Massachusetts			○	●					●
Michigan				○
Minnesota			●	●
Missouri				●
North Carolina			○	●					○
Oregon				●
Pennsylvania				○
Puerto Rico									○
South Carolina				○
Texas				○
Total	1	0	6	18	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0

● = Participated in more than one administration of the study.

○ = Participated in a single administration of the study.

¹ PIAAC, IALS, and ALL have been administered in different countries in different years. Some of the data, particularly estimates relating to literacy, are comparable across IALS, ALL, and PIAAC.

² For one or multiple international studies, the following education systems’ results were either not reported or were reported separately, typically due to sampling, response rate, or other procedural problems with the data: Argentina and Philippines for TIMSS 1995 (8th grade); Argentina and England–United Kingdom for TIMSS 2003 (8th grade); Argentina, Kazakhstan, and Malaysia for PISA 2015; Armenia for TIMSS 2015 (4th and 8th grades); Buenos Aires–Argentina, Denmark, Hong Kong–China, the Netherlands, and Switzerland for ICILS 2013; Cote D’Ivoire, Iraq (Republic of), Kurdistan–Iraq, and New Zealand for TIMSS 2023; Indonesia for PIAAC 2014; Indonesia, Italy, and Mexico for TIMSS 1995 (4th and 8th grades); Mongolia for TIMSS 2007 (4th grade); Mongolia and Morocco for TIMSS 2007 (8th grade); Ontario–Canada for PIRLS 2021; the Russian Federation for PIAAC 2012; the United States for TALIS 2013; and Yemen for TIMSS 2003 (4th grade).

³ The Republics of Montenegro and Serbia were a united jurisdiction under the PISA 2003 assessment.

⁴ In PISA 2022, Ukraine included 18 of 27 Regions and in PISA 2025, Ukraine included 17 of 27 Regions. Results are treated as the same education system in 2022 and 2025 in the PISA 2025 report.

NOTE: OECD member countries are shown in bold. Subnational education systems are italicized.

SOURCE: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA): Civic Education Study (CivEd), International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS), International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS), Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey (ALL), International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS), Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), and Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS).