Table R5. Federal student loan status and outstanding balances for high school class of 2013: Among fall 2009 ninth-graders whose first postsecondary enrollment after high school was in 2013–14 and who took out Federal student loans, average amount owed (principal and interest) on Federal student loans (excluding Direct PLUS Loans to parents), percentage who ever defaulted on a Federal student loan, and percentage who had a deferment on Federal Direct Loans, Perkins Loans, or Direct PLUS Loans to parents of students, by selected characteristics (June 2016)

High School Longitudinal
Study of 2009 (HSLS:09)

Characteristic	Average amount owed (principal and interest) on Federal student loans	Percent who ever defaulted on a Federal student loan		Percent who ever had a deferment on Federal Direct Loans, Perkins Loans, or Direct PLUS Loans to parents of students
Total	$13,630	3.1		9.3
Demographic characteristics
Sex
Male	12,938	3.5		9.4
Female	14,167	2.7	!	9.2
Race/ethnicity¹
White	13,879	1.2		8.3
Black	14,354	5.4		11.7
Hispanic	12,704	5.5	!	11.0
Asian	12,350	‡		10.4	!
Other or Two or more races	12,965	7.5	!	7.7	!
Highest education attained by either parent
High school credential or lower	13,016	5.2	!	11.5
Certificate or associate's degree	13,517	4.5		9.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,381	1.0	!	7.3
Family socioeconomic status quintile
Lowest quintile	11,935	10.4	!	10.8
Middle three quintiles	13,758	2.5		9.8
Highest quintile	14,653	‡		6.9
Language student first learned to speak
English only	13,786	2.5		9.7
Non-English only	12,008	‡		7.3	!
English and non-English equally	13,393	‡		4.7	!
Ever had disability or special need²
Yes	13,573	1.5	!	11.3
No	13,970	3.5		8.0
High school characteristics
Mathematics achievement quintile
Lowest fifth	11,716	‡		13.0	!
Middle three-fifths	13,726	3.4		9.5
Highest fifth	14,569	0.9	!	7.2
Cumulative high school grade point average
Lower than 2.50	10,152	7.6		16.1
2.50–2.99	13,429	3.1	!	11.8
3.00–3.49	14,648	‡		7.7
3.50 or higher	15,147	‡		4.0
Sector of last high school
Public	13,721	3.0		8.8
Private	14,594	‡		13.0
High school credential type
Regular high school diploma	13,845	2.9		9.4
GED and other high school equivalency	‡	‡		‡
Postsecondary enrollment characteristics
Control and level of first primary postsecondary institution³
Public 2-year	8,728	2.5	!	14.3
Public 4-year	14,201	1.5		8.3
Private nonprofit 4-year	15,925	4.3	!	7.3
Private for-profit	12,150	11.4	!	12.6	!
Other⁴	‡	‡		‡
State where student attended high school⁵
National (public schools only)	13,529	3.3		9.0
California	12,063	‡		14.9	!
Florida	13,525	‡		11.6	!
Georgia	12,578	7.0	!	8.3	!
Michigan	13,366	‡		8.6	!
North Carolina	14,724	‡		4.4	!
Ohio	14,109	9.0	!	12.8
Pennsylvania	16,162	‡		6.3	!
Tennessee	10,705	5.8	!	9.9
Texas	10,509	‡		10.1	!
Washington	11,714	‡		5.6	!
! Interpret data with caution. Estimate is unstable because the standard error is between 30 and 50 percent of the estimate.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the standard error is greater than 50 percent of the estimate.
¹Black includes African American, Hispanic includes Latino, and Other includes American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander, and individuals who indicated Two or more races or Other. All race categories exclude Hispanic or Latino origin.
²This variable indicates if a student had a serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions; had been told by a health or education professional that he/she had ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) or ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder); had a learning disability; was deaf or had a serious difficulty hearing; was blind or had a serious difficulty seeing; or had any other disability or special need.
³The first primary institution is generally the institution in which a student first enrolled at the postsecondary level, according to enrollment data in both transcripts and student records. For students who enrolled at one institution during the summer immediately after high school and enrolled at another institution during the fall, their first primary institution is the institution with the fall enrollment.
⁴Includes public less-than-2-year, private nonprofit 2-year, and private nonprofit less-than-2-year institutions.
⁵Base-year (2009) public school and student samples are state representative for a subset of 10 states listed in the table. Students attending public schools in all other states are included in the "National (public schools only)" category.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09), Base Year, First Follow-Up, 2013 Update, High School Transcript Study, and Postsecondary Education Transcript Study and Student Financial Aid Records Data Collection.

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