- Surveys & Programs
- Data & Tools
- Fast Facts
- News & Events
- Publications & Products
- About Us
- Introduction
- Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey (ALL)
- Academic Libraries Survey (ALS)
- Baccalaureate and Beyond (B&B) Longitudinal Study
- Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS) Longitudinal Study
- Beginning Teacher Longitudinal Study(BTLS)
- Common Core of Data (CCD)
- Current Population Survey (CPS)
- Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B)
- Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998‑99 (ECLS‑K)
- Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (ECLS‑K:2011)
- Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS 2002)
- Quick Response Information System (FRSS/PEQIS)
- High School and Beyond (HS&B) Longitudinal Study
- High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09)
- High School Transcript Studies (HSTS)
- International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS)
- Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS)
- Middle Grades Longitudinal Study of 2017– 18 (MGLS:2017)
- National Assessment of Adulty Literacy (NAAL)
- National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
- Overview
- Uses of Data
- Key Concepts
- Survey Design
- Data Quality and Comparability
- Contact Information
- Methodology and Evaluation Reports
- NAEP Website
- Download PDF
- National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS)
- National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS 88)
- National Household Education Survey Program (NHES)
- National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1982 (NLS 72)
- National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS)
- National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF)
- National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS)
- Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)
- Progress In International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)
- Program For International Student Assessment (PISA)
- Private School Universe Survey (PSS)
- School and Staffing Survey (SASS)
- SASS Principal Follow-Up Survey (PFS)
- SASS School Library Media Center Survey (SLS)
- SASS Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS)
- Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)
- Crime and Safety Surveys (SCS & SSOCS)
- Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS)
- Trends In International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
7. Methodology and evaluation Reports
General
Allen, N.L., Carlson, J.E., and Zelenak, C.A. (1999). The NAEP 1996 Technical Report
(NCES 1999-452). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=1999452
Allen, N.L., Donoghue, J.R., and Schoeps, T.L. (2001). The NAEP 1998 Technical Report
(NCES 2001-509). National Center for Education Statistics,
U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2001509
Allen, N.L., Jenkins, F., Kulick,
E., and Zelenak, C. A. (1997). Technical Report
of the NAEP 1996 State Assessment Program in Mathematics (NCES 97-951). National Center for Education Statistics,
U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=97951
Allen, N.L., Kline, D.L., and Zelenak,
C.A. (1996). The NAEP 1994 Technical Report
(NCES 97-897). National Center for Education
Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=97897
Allen, N.L., Swinton,
S.S., Isham, S.P., and Zelenak, C.A. (1998). Technical Report: NAEP 1996 State Assessment
Program in Science (NCES 98-480). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S.
Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=98480
Alt, M.N., and Bradby, D. (1999). Procedures Guide for Transcript Studies
(NCES Working Paper 1999-05). National Center for Education
Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=199905
Bohrnstedt, G., Kitmitto, S., Ogut, B., Sherman, D., and Chan, D. (2015). School Composition and the Black–White Achievement Gap (NCES 2015–018). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC. http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/subject/studies/pdf/school_composition_and_the_bw_achievement_gap_2015.pdf
Braun, H., Jenkins, F.,
and Grigg, W. (2006). Comparing Private Schools and Public Schools Using Hierarchical
Linear Modeling (NCES 2006-461). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for
Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences. Washington, DC: U.S. Government
Printing Office.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pubs/studies/2006461.aspx
Calderone, J., King, L.M., and Horkay, N. (1997). The NAEP Guide: A Description of the Content and Methods of the 1997 and 1998 Assessments (NCES 97-990). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=97990
Johnson, C. (2004). Nation’s Report Card: An Overview of NAEP (NCES 2004-552). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2004552
Jonhson, E.G., and Carlson, J.E. (1994). NAEP 1992 Technical Report (NCES 94-490). National Center for Education Statistics,
U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=94490
Jonhson, E.G., Mazzeo, J., and Kline, D.L. (1994). Technical Report of the NAEP
1992 Trial State Assessment in Reading
(NCES 94-472). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=94472
Lutkus, A.D., Mazzeo, J., Zhang, J., Jerry, L., Barton, K.E., and
Zenisky, A. (2003).
Including Special-Needs Students in the NAEP 1998 Reading Assessment,
Part I, Comparison of Overall Results With and Without Accommodations (NCES 2003-467).
National Center for Education Statistics, U.S.
Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2003467
Mazzeo, J., Allen, N.L., and Kline, D.L. (1995). Technical Report of the NAEP 1994
Trial State Assessment in Reading (NCES
96-116). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=96116
Moran, R., and Rampey, B. (2008). National Indian Education Study
2007 - Part II: The Educational Experiences of American Indian and Alaska Native
Students in Grades 4 and 8 (NCES 2008-458). National Center for Education Statistics,
Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pdf/studies/2008458.pdf
National Center for Education Statistics (2015). The Nation’s Report Card: 2015 Mathematics and Reading Assessments (NCES 2015-136). Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2015136
National Center for Education Statistics (2015). The Nation’s Report Card: 2014 U.S. History, Geography, and Civics at Grade 8 (NCES 2015-112). Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2015112
National Center for Education Statistics (2013a). The Nation’s Report Card: A First Look: 2013 Mathematics and Reading (NCES 2014-451). Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/subject/publications/main2013/pdf/2014451.pdf
National Center for Education Statistics (2013b). The Nation’s Report Card: A First Look: 2013 Mathematics and Reading Trial Urban District Assessment (NCES 2014-466). Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/subject/publications/main2013/pdf/2014466.pdf
National Center for Education Statistics (2012). NAEP: Looking Ahead Leading Assessment into the Future. http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/about/future_of_naep.asp.
National Center for Education Statistics (2012). National Indian Education Study
2011 (NCES 2012–466). Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education,
Washington, D.C.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pdf/studies/2012466.pdf
Patricia, D. (2005). The Nation’s Report Card: An Introduction
to The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) (NCES 2005-454). National
Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department
of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2005454
Perie, M., Vanneman, A., and Goldstein, A. (2005).
Student Achievement in Private Schools: Results From NAEP 2000–2005 (NCES 2006-459).
National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S.
Department of Education. Washington, D.C.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pdf/studies/2006459.pdf
Persky, H., Brent, S.A., and Janice, A.
(2003). Assessing the Arts: Selected NAEP Tasks and Scoring Guides for Grades 4
and 12 1997 Field Test. Dance, Music, Theatre, and Visual Art (NCES 2003-452). National
Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department
of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2003452
Phillips, G., and Goldstein, A. (1996). Technical Issues in Large-Scale Performance
Assessment (NCES 96-802). National Center for
Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs/96802.pdf
Roey, S., Caldwell,
N., Rust, K., Blumstein, E., Krenzke, T., and Legum, S. (2001).
The 1998 High School Transcript Study User’s Guide and Technical Report
(NCES 2001-477). National Center
for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/2001477.pdf
Roey, S.,
Caldwell, N., Rust, K., Hicks, L., Lee, J., Perkins, R., Blumstein, E., and Brown,
J. (2005). The High School Transcript Study: The 2000 High School Transcript Study
User’s Guide and Technical Report (NCES 2005-483). National Center for Education
Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington,
DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2005/2005483.pdf
National Center for Education Statistics (2013c). The Nation’s Report Card: Economics 2012 (NCES 2013–453). Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/subject/publications/main2012/pdf/2013453.pdf
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center
for Education Statistics. (2007). Mapping 2005 State Proficiency Standards Onto
the NAEP Scales (NCES 2007-482). Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pubs/studies/2007482.asp
White, S. (1994). Overview of NAEP
Assessment Frameworks (NCES 94-412). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S.
Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=94412
White, S., Kim, Y., Chen, J., and Liu, F. (2015). Performance of fourth-grade students in the 2012 NAEP computer-based writing pilot assessment: Scores, text length, and use of editing tools (NCES 2015-119). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/subject/writing/pdf/2015119.pdf
Uses of Data
Phillips, G. (1993). Interpreting NAEP Scales (NCES 93-421). National Center
for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=93421
Vanneman, A. (1997). Focus on NAEP: New Software Makes NAEP Data User Friendly
(NCES 97-045). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=97045
Vanneman, A., Hamilton, L., Baldwin Anderson, J., and Rahman, T. (2009). Achievement
Gaps: How Black and White Students in Public Schools Perform in Mathematics and
Reading on the National Assessment of Educational Progress, (NCES 2009-455).
National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S.
Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pdf/studies/2009455.pdf
Survey Design
Bay, L., Chen, L., Hanson, B.A., Happel, J., Kolen, M.J., Miller, T., Pommerich,
M., Sconing, J., Wang, T., and Welch, C. (1997). ACT’s NAEP Redesign Project: Assessment
Design Is the Key to Useful and Stable Assessment Results (NCES Working
Paper 97-39). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs97/9739.pdf
Bock, D.R., and Zimowski, M.F. (2003). NAEP Validity Studies: Feasibility Studies
of Two-Stage Testing in Large-Scale Educational Assessment: Implications for NAEP
(NCES Working Paper 2003-14). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute
of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200314.pdf
Chromy, J.R. (2003). NAEP Validity Studies: The Effects of Finite Sampling on State
Assessment Sample Requirements (NCES Working Paper 2003-17). National Center
for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200317.pdf
Durán, R.P. (2003). NAEP Validity Studies: Implications of Electronic Technology
for the NAEP Assessment (NCES Working Paper 2003-16). National Center for
Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200316.pdf
Hedges, L.V., Konstantopoulos, S., and Thoreson, A. (2003). NAEP Validity Studies:
Computer Use and Its Relation to Academic Achievement in Mathematics, Reading, and
Writing (NCES Working Paper 2003-15). National Center for Education Statistics,
Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200315.pdf
Hedges, L.V., and Vevea, J.L. (2003). NAEP Validity Studies: A Study of Equating
in NAEP (NCES Working Paper 2003-13). National Center for Education Statistics,
Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200315.pdf
Jaeger, R.M. (2003). NAEP Validity Studies: Reporting the Results of the National
Assessment of Educational Progress (NCES Working Paper 2003-11). National
Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department
of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200311.pdf
Jakwerth, P.R., Stancavage, R.B., and Reed, E.D. (2003). NAEP Validity Studies:
An Investigation of Why Students Do Not Respond to Questions (NCES Working
Paper 2003-12). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education
Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200312.pdf
Johnson, E.G., Lazer, S., and O’Sullivan, C.Y. (1997). NAEP Reconfigured: An Integrated
Redesign of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NCES Working
Paper 97-31). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs97/9731.pdf
Levine, R., Huberman, M., and Buckner, K. (2002). The Measurement of Instructional
Background Indicators: Cognitive Laboratory Investigations of the Responses of Fourth-
and Eighth-Grade Students and Teachers to Questionnaire Items (NCES Working
Paper 2002-06). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education
Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/200206.pdf
McLaughlin, D. (1997). Can State Assessment Data Be Used to Reduce State NAEP Sample
Sizes? (NCES Working Paper 97-29). National Center for Education Statistics,
U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs97/9729.pdf
Mullis, V. (2003). NAEP Validity Studies: Optimizing State NAEP: Issues and Possible
Improvements (NCES Working Paper 2003-09). National Center for Education
Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington,
DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200309.pdf
Niemi, R.G. (1997). Innovative Solutions to Intractable Large-Scale Assessment (Problem
2: Background Questionnaires) (NCES Working Paper 97-32). National Center
for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs97/9732.pdf
Olson, J.F., and Goldstein, A.A. (1997). The Inclusion of Students With Disabilities
and Limited English Proficient Students in Large-Scale Assessments: A Summary of
Recent Progress (NCES 97-482). National Center for Education Statistics,
U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs97/97482.pdf
Owen, E.H. (1992). Exploring New Methods for Collecting Students’ School-Based
Writing (NCES 92-065). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department
of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=92065
Patz, R.J., Wilson, M., and Hoskens, M. (1997). Optimal Rating Procedures and Methodology
for NAEP Open-Ended Items (NCES Working Paper 97-37). National Center for
Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs97/9737.pdf
NCS Pearson, D.P., and Garavaglia, D.R. (2003). NAEP Validity Studies: Improving the
Information Value of Performance Items in Large-Scale Assessments (NCES
Working Paper 2003-08). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education
Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200308.pdf
Rubin, D.B. (1987). Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: John Wiley.
Stancavage, F.B. (2003) NAEP Validity Studies: An Agenda for NAEP Validity Research
Validity Research (NCES Working Paper 2003-07). National Center for Education
Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington,
DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200307.pdf
Weston, T.J. (2003). NAEP Validity Studies: The Validity of Oral Accommodation in
Testing (NCES Working Paper 2003-06). National Center for Education Statistics,
Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200306.pdf
Data Quality and Comparability
Bandeira de Mello, V., Blankenship, C., and McLaughlin, D.H. (2009). Mapping State
Proficiency Standards Onto NAEP Scales: 2005-2007 (NCES 2010-456). National
Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department
of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pdf/studies/2010456.pdf
Binkley, M., and Kelly, D. (2003). A Content Comparison of the NAEP and PIRLS Fourth-Grade
Reading Assessments (NCES Working Paper 2003-10). National Center for Education
Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington,
DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200310.pdf
DeVito, P.J., and Koenig, J.A. (2001). NAEP Reporting Practices: Investigating District-Level and Market-Basket Reporting. Washington, DC: National Research Council.
Hoffman, G.R., Becker, D.E., and Wise, L. (2003). NAEP Quality Assurance Checks
of the 2002 Reading Assessment Results of Delaware (NCES Working Paper
2003-19). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences,
U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/200319.pdf
Ingels, S., and Taylor, J. (1995). National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988:
Conducting Cross-Cohort Comparisons Using HS&B, NAEP, and NELS:88 Academic Transcript
Data (NCES Working Paper 95-06). National Center for Education Statistics,
U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs95/9506.pdf
Johnson, E.G. (1998). Linking the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
and the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS): A Technical Report
(NCES 98-499). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of
Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/98499.pdf
Johnson, E., Cohen, J., Chen, W.H., Jiang, T., and Zhang, Y. (2005). 2000 NAEP–1999
TIMSS Linking Report (NCES Working Paper 2005-01). National Center for
Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2005/200501.pdf
Kitmitto, S., and Bandeira de Mello, V., (2008). Measuring the Status and Change
of NAEP State Inclusion Rates for Students with Disabilities (NCES 2009–453).
National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S.
Department of Education, Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pubs/studies/2009453.asp
Neidorf, T.S., Binkley, M., Gattis, K., and Nohara, D. (2006). Comparing Mathematics
Content in the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Trends in International
Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), and Program for International Student Assessment
(PISA) 2003 Assessments (NCES 2006-029). National Center for Education
Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington,
DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006029.pdf
Neidorf, T.S., Binkley, M., and Stephens, M. (2006). Comparing Science Content in
the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) 2000 and Trends in International
Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2003 Assessments (NCES 2006-026).
National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S.
Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006026.pdf
Pellegrino, J.W., Jones, L.R., and Mitchell, K.J. (1999). Grading the Nation’s Report Card: Evaluating NAEP and Transforming the Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, DC: National Research Council.
Phillips, G. W (2009), The Second Derivative: International Benchmarks in Mathematics for U.S. States and School Districts. Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research.
Raju, N.S., Pellegrino, J.W., Bertenthal, M.W., Mitchell, K.J., and Jones, L.R. (2000). Grading the Nation’s Report Card: Research From the Evaluation of NAEP. Washington, DC: National Research Council.
Sedlacek, D.A. (1995). Model-Based Methods for Analysis of Data From 1990 NAEP Trial
State Assessment (NCES 95-696). National Center for Education Statistics,
U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=95696
Sedlacek, D.A. (1995). Use of Person-Fit Statistics in Reporting and Analyzing National
Assessment of Educational Progress Results (NCES 95-713). National Center
for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=95713
Sedlacek, D.A. (1995). Using HLM and NAEP Data to Explore School Correlates of 1990
Mathematics and Geometry Achievement in Grades 4, 8, 12—Methodology and Results
(NCES 95-697). National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.
Washington, DC.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=95697
National Center for Education Statistics (2014). The Nation’s Report Card: Mathematics and Reading Grade 12 Assessments. Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2014087
National Center for Education Statistics (2013d). The Nation’s Report Card: Trends in Academic Progress 2012 (NCES 2013-456). Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.
http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/subject/publications/main2012/pdf/2013456.pdf
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (2008). Treatment of Missing Responses in NAEP. http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/tdw/ analysis/2000_2001/scaling_missing.asp.
