NOTE: Education levels are defined according to the 1997 International Standard
Classification of Education (ISCED97). Ages represent the typical age at the beginning
of the school year.
Numbers in bold print indicate ages of universal enrollment (i.e., an enrollment
rate of over 90 percent). Numbers highlighted represent the age at which compulsory
enrollment begins through the age at which compulsory enrollment ends. No meaning
should be inferred from width of subdivisions. Duration of first university degree
program is generally 5 years in Indonesia. SOURCE: EP-NUFFIC. (2015). Education
System Indonesia: The Indonesian Education System Described and Compared With the
Dutch System (3rd version). Retrieved December 23, 2015, from
https://www.epnuffic.nl/en/publications/education-system-indonesia.pdf;
Ministry of Education and Culture. (2012). Indonesia. In I. Mullis, M. Martin, C.
Minnich, K. Drucker and M. Ragan (Eds.), PIRLS 2011 Encyclopedia: Education Policy
and Curriculum in Reading, V.1, pp. 315-323. Chestnut Hill, MA, Lynch School
of Education, Boston College: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center; Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2013). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators.
Paris: Author; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
International Bureau of Education. (2011). World Data on Education VII Ed. 2010/11,
Indonesia. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Indonesia.pdf.
NOTE: There are religious programs that coincide with the Sarjana 1–3 degrees listed above. They are, respectively, the Program Sarjana Agama Islam, Program Magister Agama Islam, and Program Doktor Agama Islam.
EP-NUFFIC. (2015). Education System Indonesia: The Indonesian Education System Described and Compared With the Dutch System (3rd version). Retrieved December 23, 2015, from https://www.epnuffic.nl/en/publications/education-system-indonesia.pdf.
Ministry of Education and Culture. (2012). Indonesia. In I. Mullis, M. Martin, C. Minnich, K. Drucker, and M. Ragan (Eds.), PIRLS 2011 Encyclopedia: Education Policy and Curriculum in Reading (vol. 1), pp. 315–323. Chestnut Hill, MA: Lynch School of Education, Boston College, TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, International Bureau of Education. (2011). World Data on Education, 2010/11 (7th edition). Profile on Indonesia. Paris: Author. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Indonesia.pdf.