Table E-1-1.  Percentage of children under age 18 living in poverty, by living arrangements, sex, race/ethnicity, and nativity: 2005 and 2010

Sex, race/ethnicity, and nativity	All children related to householder				Living arrangement
					2005						2010
	2005		2010		Married parents		Female parent, no spouse present		Male parent, no spouse present		Married parents		Female parent, no spouse present		Male parent, no spouse present
Total1	18.3		21.1		8.8		42.3		21.4		10.8		44.1		26.0
Sex
Male	18.0		21.0		8.8		42.1		20.8		10.7		44.4		25.5
Female	18.5		21.3		8.9		42.4		22.1		10.9		43.8		26.7
Race/ethnicity
White	10.4		12.7		5.3		31.8		15.4		6.6		35.1		19.6
Black	35.5		37.8		12.9		49.7		30.2		14.5		51.3		34.8
Hispanic	29.2		31.9		19.9		50.6		26.8		22.3		49.6		31.9
Asian	12.1		12.2		8.8		32.4		20.8		9.5		29.3		21.7
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	21.5		22.0		16.1		38.0		‡		18.9		33.2		17.0
American Indian/Alaska Native2	29.9		34.0		17.0		46.7		33.1		18.6		50.2		39.1
American Indian	30.2		35.5		16.3		47.5		35.4		19.1		52.8		38.9
Alaska Native	24.3		24.6		16.5		35.5		36.3	!	13.5		36.4		27.6	!
Two or more races	19.1		21.3		7.1		39.8		23.1		8.7		41.3		24.7
Race/ethnicity by sex
Male
White	10.4		12.6		5.3		31.8		15.3		6.5		35.5		19.5
Black	34.9		37.6		12.9		49.1		28.4		13.8		51.7		33.3
Hispanic	28.9		31.7		19.8		50.5		26.3		22.2		49.5		31.4
Asian	12.6		12.4		9.0		36.3		19.8		9.9		29.4		18.9
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	21.2		21.0		16.0		39.3		‡		19.4		28.8		13.9	!
American Indian/Alaska Native2	31.0		35.1		18.9		48.7		28.2		19.8		50.4		41.3
American Indian	30.7		37.1		18.0		48.7		29.0		21.0		52.6		41.2
Alaska Native	26.5		25.5		19.4		36.2		36.9	!	13.4		36.3		36.1	!
Two or more races	18.7		21.5		6.7		39.8		22.3		8.6		42.3		25.0
Female
White	10.5		12.7		5.3		31.8		15.6		6.6		34.7		19.7
Black	36.2		38.1		12.9		50.4		32.4		15.2		51.0		36.5
Hispanic	29.5		32.1		20.0		50.6		27.3		22.4		49.6		32.4
Asian	11.6		12.0		8.5		28.8		22.0		9.1		29.2		25.2
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	21.9		23.1		16.2		36.6		‡		18.3		38.9		21.3	!
American Indian/Alaska Native2	28.8		32.8		15.1		44.8		39.2		17.3		50.0		36.4
American Indian	29.7		33.9		14.6		46.2		43.1		17.2		53.0		35.9
Alaska Native	22.0		23.6		13.8		34.9		35.6	!	13.7		36.4		18.2	!
Two or more races	19.6		21.0		7.5		39.8		24.1		8.8		40.3		24.4
Nativity
Hispanic
Born within the United    States3	28.2		31.3		18.2		49.9		26.4		21.2		49.3		31.4
Born outside of the    United States	36.5		38.8		31.7		57.7		28.9		33.5		54.0		36.8

! Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 30 percent or greater.

‡ Reporting standards not met (too few cases).

1 Total includes other racial/ethnic groups not shown separately in the table.

2 Includes persons reporting American Indian only, Alaska Native only, and persons from American Indian and/or Alaska Native tribes specified or not specified.

3 Born within the United States includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Northern Marianas, and those born abroad of American parents.

NOTE: To determine living arrangements, children are classified by either their parents' marital status or, if no parents are present in the household, by the marital status of the related householder. Poverty information was available only for children who were related to the householder. Therefore, this table excludes any children who were not related to the householder or who are recorded as the householder or spouse of the householder. To define poverty, the U.S. Census Bureau utilizes a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition. A family, along with each individual in it, is considered poor if the family’s total income is less than that family’s threshold. The poverty thresholds do not vary geographically and are adjusted annually for inflation using the Consumer Price Index. The official poverty definition counts money income before taxes and does not include capital gains and noncash benefits (such as public housing, Medicaid, and food stamps). Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2005 and 2010.