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Table 12-1.  Difference in the percentage of 15-year-old students who reported reading for enjoyment, by sex and country: 2000 and 2009

Difference in percentage points Canada France Germany Italy Japan Russian Federation United Kingdom United States
Male–female difference
2000 -20* -18* -25* -15* # -11* -18*
2009 -25* -18* -27* -25* -5* -16* -19* -22*
2009–2000 difference
Male -1 -8* # -8* 9* -4* -3
Female 5* -9* 2 2 13* 1 1

— Not available. Data for the United Kingdom in 2000 are not reported due to low response rates.
# Rounds to zero.
* p < .05 (diffference in percentage points is statistically significant).
NOTE: Negative values for the male–female difference indicate a lower percentage for males in 2000 or 2009. Negative values for the 2009–2000 difference indicate a lower percentage in 2009 for males or females.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2010). PISA 2009 Results: Learning Trends—Changes in Student Performance Since 2000 (Volume V), table V.5.1. Paris: Author.