Mini-Digest of Education Statistics, 2009-Finance

NCES 2010-014
April 2010

Mini-Digest of Education Statistics, 2009

Finance

Degree-Granting Institutions

Revenues for Public Institutions

The largest single source of revenue in 2006–07 for public 4-year and 2-year institutions was state appropriations, amounting to 24 percent of total revenue in that year. Public institutions received 17 percent of their revenue from tuition and fees and 11 percent from federal grants.

Table 34. Revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source: 2006–07

Source	Revenue, in billions	Percent age distribution	Revenue per full-time equivalent student¹
Total revenues	$268.6	100.0	$28,258
Operating revenues	148.8	55.4	15,654
Tuition and fees²	44.8	16.7	4,711
Grants and contracts	46.6	17.3	4,900
Federal (excludes FDSL³)	30.8	11.5	3,239
State	7.6	2.8	801
Local	8.2	3.0	860
Other operating revenues	57.5	21.4	6,043
Nonoperating revenues	103.3	38.5	10,874
Federal appropriations	1.9	0.7	201
State appropriations	63.2	23.5	6,651
Local appropriations	8.8	3.3	928
Other nonoperating	29.4	11.0	3,094
Other revenues and additions	16.4	6.1	1,730
¹ Enrollment of full-time students, plus the full-time equivalent of the parttime students. ² Net of allowances and discounts. ³ Federal Direct Student Loans. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Revenues for Private (not-for-profit) Institutions

Private (not-for-profit) 4-year and 2-year institutions received 31 percent of their revenues from investment return in 2006–07. The next largest sources for 2006–07 were tuition and fees (26 percent), federal government (11 percent), and private gifts and grants (11 percent).

Table 35. Revenues of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source: 2006–07

Source	Revenue, in billions	Percent age distribution	Revenue per full-time equivalent student¹
Total	$182.4	100.0	$61,586
Tuition and fees	47.5	26.0	16,033
Federal government²	20.2	11.1	6,819
State governments	1.6	0.9	549
Local governments	0.5	0.3	182
Private gifts and grants³	20.2	11.1	6,819
Investment return	55.9	30.7	18,879
Educational activities	4.1	2.3	1,386
Auxiliary enterprises	12.3	6.7	4,151
Hospitals	12.6	6.9	4,267
Other	7.4	4.1	2,501
¹ Enrollment of full-time students, plus the full-time equivalent of the parttime students ² Includes independent operations. ³ Includes contracts and contributions from affiliated entities. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Revenues for Private (for-profit) Institutions

Private (for-profit) 4-year and 2-year institutions received 88 percent of their revenues from student tuition and fees in 2006–07. The next largest sources in 2006–07 were federal government (5 percent), auxiliary enterprises (2 percent), and educational activities (2 percent).

Table 36. Revenues of private for-profit degreegranting institutions, by source: 2006–07

Source	Reve- nue, in billions	Percent- age distri- bution	Revenue per full-time equivalent student¹
Total	$13.98	100.0	$14,815
Tuition and fees	12.33	88.2	13,068
Federal government	0.73	5.2	769
State and local governments	0.07	0.5	74
Private gifts, grants,and contracts	#	#	4
Investment return	0.05	0.3	52
Educational activities	0.25	1.8	260
Auxiliary enterprises	0.31	2.2	331
Other	0.24	1.7	257
# Rounds to zero. ¹ Enrollment of full-time students, plus the full-time equivalent of the parttime students. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Expenditures of Public Institutions

Expenditures at public 4-year and 2-year degree-granting institutions totaled $239 billion in 2006–07, amounting to $25,130 per full-time-equivalent student. The largest category of expenditures was instruction, which accounted for 28 percent of total expenditures.

Table 37. Expenditures of public degree-granting institutions, by purpose: 2006–07

Purpose	Expendi tures, in billions	Percentage distribution	Expenditures per full-time equivalent student¹
Total	$238.8	100.0	$25,130
Instruction	67.2	28.1	7,070
Research	23.9	10.0	2,514
Public service	10.1	4.2	1,068
Academic support	16.3	6.8	1,716
Student services	11.4	4.8	1,197
Institutional support	20.0	8.4	2,100
Operation and main- tenance of plant	15.8	6.6	1,663
Depreciation	10.8	4.5	1,134
Scholarships and fellow- ships²	9.0	3.8	942
Auxiliary enterprises	18.5	7.7	1,947
Hospitals	22.1	9.3	2,327
Other operating expend- itures and deductions	5.4	2.3	565
Nonoperating expenses	8.4	3.5	887
¹ Enrollment of full-time students, plus the full-time equivalent of the parttime students. ² Excludes discounts and allowances. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Expenditures of Private (not-for-profit) Institutions

Expenditures at private (not-for-profit) 4-year and 2-year degree-granting institutions totaled $125 billion in 2006–07, amounting to $42,060 per full-time-equivalent student. Not-for-profit institutions' largest expenditure category was instruction, which accounted for 33 percent of their expenditures. The next largest expenditure was institutional support, which accounted for 14 percent.

Table 38. Expenditures of private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose: 2006–07

Purpose	Expenditures, in billions	Percentage distribution	Expenditures per full-time equivalent student¹
Total	$124.6	100.0	$42,060
Instruction	41.2	33.1	13,920
Research	13.7	11.0	4,628
Public service	2.0	1.6	688
Academic support	10.9	8.7	3,675
Student services	9.6	7.7	3,239
Institutional support	16.8	13.5	5,684
Auxiliary enterprises	12.5	10.0	4,204
Net grant aid to students²	0.7	0.6	246
Hospitals	10.4	8.3	3,512
Independent operations	4.7	3.8	1,580
Other	2.0	1.6	685
¹ Enrollment of full-time students, plus the full-time equivalent of the parttime students. ² Excludes tuition and fee allowances and agency transactions, such as Pell grants. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

Expenditures of Private (for-profit) Institutions

Expenditures at private (for-profit) 4-year and 2-year degree-granting institutions totaled $12 billion in 2006–07, amounting to $12,880 per full-time-equivalent student. Private (for-profit) institutions' largest expenditure category was student services, academic and institutional support, which accounted for 64 percent of their expenditures in 2006–07. The next largest category was instruction, which accounted for 24 percent of their expenditures.

Table 39. Expenditures of private for-profit degree-granting institutions, by purpose: 2006–07

Purpose	Expenditures, in billions	Percent age distribution	Expenditures per full-time equivalent student¹
Total	$12.15	100.0	$12,880
Instruction	2.88	23.7	3,057
Research and public service	0.01	0.1	6
Student services, academic and institutional support	7.76	63.9	8,225
Auxiliary enterprises	0.33	2.7	353
Net grant aid to students²	0.07	0.6	72
Other	1.10	9.1	1,166
¹ Enrollment of full-time students, plus the full-time equivalent of the parttime students. ² Excludes tuition and fee allowances and agency transactions, such as student awards made from contributed funds or grant funds. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

College Costs

For the 2008–09 academic year, average annual undergraduate charges for tuition, room, and board were $14,256 ($14,060 in constant 2007–08 dollars) at public 4-year institutions and $31,704 ($31,267 in constant 2007–08 dollars) at private 4-year institutions.

Table 40. Average undergraduate tuition, room, and board charges, by type and control of institution: 1988–89, 1998–99, and 2008–09

[In constant 2007–08¹ dollars]
Year and control of institution	Total tuition, room, and board charges
Year and control of institution	All institutions	4-year	2-year
All
1989–90	$10,251	$11,748	$6,241
1999–2000	12,964	15,296	6,807
2009–10	16,907	20,154	8,116
Public
1989–90	7,466	8,172	5,560
1999–2000	9,144	10,328	5,924
2009–10	12,113	14,060	7,463
Private
1989–90	19,546	20,043	13,917
1999–2000	24,919	25,641	17,137
2009–10	30,803	31,267	22,429
¹ Constant 2007–08 dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

Financial Aid for Students

About 80 percent of all full-time undergraduate students received some form of financial aid in 2007–08. A higher percentage of students at private institutions received aid than did students at public institutions. About 89 percent of full-time undergraduates at private not-for-profit institutions and 97 percent at private forprofit institutions received aid, compared with 74 percent at public institutions. Full-time students obtained aid through a variety of programs: 63 percent received some sort of federal aid, 28 percent received state aid, 34 percent received institutional aid, and 32 percent received aid from other sources (see Digest of Education Statistics, 2009, table 342). Private not-for-profit institutions provided institutional aid to 66 percent of their full-time undergraduates. For all full-time undergraduates, the average student aid package from all sources (including grants, loans, work-study, and other) totaled $12,740 in 2007–08 (see Digest of Education Statistics, 2009, table 344).

In 2007–08, about 87 percent of all full-time graduate students received some form of financial aid. About 58 percent of graduate students received loans, 24 percent received fellowship grants, and 25 percent received assistantships (see Digest of Education Statistics, 2009, table 349).

Table 41. Percentage of full-time undergraduate and graduate students receiving financial aid, by level of student and control and highest level of offering of institution: 2007–08

Level of student and control and highest level of offering of institution	Aid from any source	Grants	Loans
All undergraduates	79.5	64.4	53.3
Public	74.0	58.0	44.3
4-year doctoral	76.7	58.9	52.7
Other 4-year	80.9	62.1	54.6
2-year	65.4	53.9	24.8
Less than 2-year	68.1	55.1	26.2
Private, not-for-profit	89.1	80.6	64.9
4-year doctoral	84.8	75.9	61.6
Other 4-year	93.3	85.7	68.8
Less than 4-year	93.4	72.3	44.9
Private, for-profit	96.9	72.3	92.0
All graduate students	87.0	—	58.2
Master's degree	84.8	—	60.1
Public	86.3	—	52.4
Private	83.7	—	65.4
Doctor's degree	93.0	—	35.8
Public	92.1	—	28.3
Private	94.0	—	43.8
First-professional	88.1	—	81.3
Public	88.0	—	81.1
Private	88.2	—	81.5
— Not available.

Federal Funding

Federal on-budget support for education increased 323 percent from fiscal year (FY) 1965 to FY 2008, after adjustment for inflation. (On-budget support excludes education funds that are generated by federal subsidies, such as Federal Family Education Loans and the Federal Direct Student Loans.) Increases occurred from 1965 to 1975. After a decrease of less than 1 percent from 1975 to 1980, federal funding for education declined approximately 16 percent from 1980 to 1985, when adjusted for inflation. Thereafter, federal on-budget funding for education generally increased, showing a rise of 103 percent from 1985 to 2008, after adjustment for inflation.

For FY 2009, estimates show federal program funds for elementary and secondary education at $82.9 billion, for postsecondary education at $37.2 billion, and for other programs at $8.6 billion (see Digest of Education Statistics, 2009, table 373).

According to FY 2008 estimates, $72.2 billion (about 49 percent of the $147.3 billion spent by the federal government on education) came from the U.S. Department of Education (see Digest of Education Statistics, 2009, table 374). Money also came from other agencies, including the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ($25.5 billion), the U.S. Department of Agriculture ($16.3 billion), and the U.S. Department of Defense ($6.3 billion).

Table 42. Federal on-budget funds for education: Selected fiscal years 1965 through 2008

[In billions of dollars]
Year	Total on-budget support
Year	Unadjusted dollars	Constant 2008 dollars¹
1965	$5.3	$36.9
1970	12.5	67.8
1975	23.3	88.0
1980	34.5	87.7
1985	39.0	73.6
1990	51.6	83.7
1993	67.7	99.3
1994	68.3	98.0
1995	71.6	100.4
1996	71.3	97.8
1997	73.7	99.1
1998	76.9	102.4
1999	82.9	108.7
2000	85.9	109.9
2001	94.8	118.5
2002	109.2	133.9
2003	124.4	148.6
2004	132.4	153.7
2005	146.2	163.7
2006	166.5	180.3
2007	147.1	155.6
2008	147.3	149.6
¹ Data adjusted by the federal funds composite deflator prepared by the data source. NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures.