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Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2000)
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Classification of Instruction Programs Edition 2000 - Changes

Index of all NEW CIP Codes in CIP 2000

 
01.00 Agriculture, General.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 01.0000.

01.0106 Agricultural Business Technology.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform specialized support functions related to agricultural business offices and operations and to operate agricultural office equipment, software, and information systems. Includes instruction in basic agricultural business principles, office management, equipment operation, standard software, and database management.

01.0205 Agricultural Mechanics and Equipment/Machine Technology.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to maintain and repair specialized farm, ranch, and agribusiness power equipment and vehicles. Includes instruction in the principles of diesel, combustion, electrical, steam, hydraulic, and mechanical systems and their application to the maintenance of terrestrial and airborne crop spraying equipment; tractors and hauling equipment; planting and harvesting equipment; cutting equipment; power sources and systems for silos; irrigation and pumping equipment; dairy, feeding and, shearing operations; and processing systems.

01.0306 Dairy Husbandry and Production.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to manage the selection and care of dairy animals and associated dairy farm and processing facilities and operations. Includes instruction in basic animal and dairy science; dairy animal nutrition and health; design and operation of dairy housing, feeding, and processing facilities and equipment; and related issues of safety, sanitation, shipping and handling, and applicable regulations.

01.0307 Horse Husbandry/Equine Science and Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to manage the selection, breeding, care, and maintenance of work, athletic, and show horses; and horse farms, stables, tracks and related equipment and operations. Includes instruction in applicable principles of animal science, care, and health; stable and track management; design and operation of facilities and equipment; and related issues such as regulations, business management; and logistics.

01.0504 Dog/Pet/Animal Grooming.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide cosmetic services for household pets, show animals, work animals and animal athletes. Includes instruction in skin, coat, and pelt grooming and styling; skin care; hoof, nail, and claw care; animal massage; minor first aid and veterinary referral; animal grooming products and applications; health and safety; and applicable regulations.

01.0508 Taxidermy/Taxidermist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to reproduce life-like three-dimensional representations of living animals for permanent display using elements of the deceased specimen(s) as well as artificial materials, and to manage taxidermy services and businesses. Includes instruction in specimen grading and selection, caping and fleshing, preservation procedures, tanning, drying, measurements, form and armature construction, carpentry and woodworking, molding and casting, drawing, sculptural techniques, painting and finishing techniques, basic business operations, customer communications, and applicable laws and regulations.

01.0608 Floriculture/Floristry Operations and Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to operate and manage commercial and contract florist enterprises, supply and delivery services, and flower catering services. Includes instruction in the applicable principles of plant science; purchasing, storage, and delivery systems; floral design and arranging; and principles of business management.

01.08 Agricultural Public Services.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 01.0801- 01.0899.

01.0802 Agricultural Communication/Journalism.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply journalistic, communication, and broadcasting principles to the development, production, and transmittal of agricultural information. Includes instruction in basic journalism, broadcasting, film/video, and communication techniques; the production of technically specialized information products for agricultural audiences; and the principles of agricultural sciences and business operations needed to develop and communicate agricultural subject matter in effective ways.

01.0899 Agricultural Public Services, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in general agricultural sciences and related services not listed above.

01.0906 Livestock Management.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of biological and chemical principles to the production and management of livestock animals and the production and handling of meat and other products. Includes instruction in animal sciences, range science, nutrition sciences, food science and technology, biochemistry, and related aspects of human and animal health and safety.

01.1002 Food Technology and Processing.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of chemical, physical, and engineering principles to the development and implementation of manufacturing, packaging, storage, and distribution technologies and processes for food products. Includes instruction in food engineering, food preservation and handling, food preparation, food packaging and display, food storage and shipment, and related equipment and facilities design, operation, and maintenance.

01.1099 Food Science and Technology, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in food sciences and technology not listed above.

01.1104 Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Breeding.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of genetics and genetic engineering to the improvement of agricultural plant health, the development of new plant varieties, and the selective improvement of agricultural plant populations. Includes instruction in genetics, genetic engineering, population genetics, agronomy, plant protection, and biotechnology.

01.1202 Soil Chemistry and Physics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of chemical and physical principles to research and analysis concerning the nature and properties of soils and the conservation and management of soils. Includes instruction in soil and fluid mechanics, mineralogy, sedimentology, thermodynamics, geomorphology, environmental systems, analytical methods, and organic and inorganic chemistry.

01.1203 Soil Microbiology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on application of microbiological theory and methods to the study of the organismic properties of soils, soil-plant and soil-animal interactions, and the biological components and effects of soil management strategies. Includes instruction in microbiology and related biological sciences, applicable animal and plant sciences, soil chemistry and physics as related to biological characteristics, and environmental science.

01.1299 Soil Sciences, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in the soil sciences not listed above.

03.0103 Environmental Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on environment-related issues using scientific, social scientific, or humanistic approaches or a combination. Includes instruction in the basic principles of ecology and environmental science and related subjects such as policy, politics, law, economics, social aspects, planning, pollution control, natural resources, and the interactions of human beings and nature.

03.0104 Environmental Science.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of biological, chemical, and physical principles to the study of the physical environment and the solution of environmental problems, including subjects such as abating or controlling environmental pollution and degradation; the interaction between human society and the natural environment; and natural resources management. Includes instruction in biology, chemistry, physics, geosciences, climatology, statistics, and mathematical modeling.

03.0199 Natural Resources Conservation and Research, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in natural resources conservation and research not listed above.

03.0204 Natural Resource Economics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of economic concepts and methods to the analysis of issues such as air and water pollution, land use planning, waste disposal, invasive species and pest control, conservation policies, and related environmental problems. Includes instruction in cost-benefit analysis; environmental impact assessment; evaluation and assessment of alternative resource management strategies; policy evaluation and monitoring; and descriptive and analytic tools for studying how environmental developments affect the economic system.

03.0205 Water, Wetlands, and Marine Resources Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply the principles of marine/aquatic biology, oceanography, natural resource economics, and natural resources management to the development, conservation, and management of freshwater and saltwater environments. Includes instruction in subjects such as wetlands, riverine, lacustrian, coastal, and oceanic water resources; water conservation and use; flood control; pollution control; water supply logistics; wastewater management; aquatic and marine ecology; aquatic and marine life conservation; and the economic and recreational uses of water resources.

03.0206 Land Use Planning and Management/Development.   (NEW) A program that focuses on how public and/or private land and associated resources can be preserved, developed, and used for maximum social, economic, and environmental benefit. Includes instruction in natural resources management, natural resource economics, public policy, regional and land use planning, environmental impact assessment, applicable law and regulations, government and politics, principles of business and real estate land use, statistical and analytical tools, computer applications, mapping and report preparation, site analysis, cost analysis, and communications skills.

03.0508 Urban Forestry.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply the principles of forestry and related sciences to the development, care, and maintenance of individual trees and forested areas within or close to areas of dense human habitation. Includes instruction in urban environments; effects of pollution on tree species; environmental design and landscaping; urban pest infestation; urban forest management; and applicable policies and regulations.

03.0510 Forest Resources Production and Management.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of forestry principles to the production, harvesting, and processing of forest resources and that prepares individuals to perform associated technical and managerial functions. Includes instruction in forest production and utilization, industrial forestry, agroforestry, transplantation, timber harvesting, selection and identification of trees, processing technologies and systems, equipment operations and maintenance, and related management skills.

03.0511 Forest Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to assist foresters in the management and production of forest resources. Includes instruction in woods and field skills, tree identification, timber measurement, logging and timber harvesting, forest propagation and regeneration, forest fire-fighting, resource management, equipment operation and maintenance, record-keeping, sales and purchasing operations, and personnel supervision.

04.08 Architectural History and Criticism.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 04.0801.

04.0801 Architectural History and Criticism, General.   (NEW) A general program that focuses on the aesthetic, technical, and social development of the built environment and the architectural profession from earliest times to the present. Includes instruction in the principles of architecture and related fields; art history; historiography of architecture; architectural theory and criticism; related aspects of the history of technology and social and economic history; and various period, cultural, and stylistic specializations.

04.09 Architectural Technology/Technician.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 04.0901.

04.0901 Architectural Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to assist architects in developing plans and related documentation and in performing architectural office services. Includes instruction in architectural drafting, computer-assisted drafting and design, construction methods and materials, environmental systems, building codes and standards, structural principles, cost estimation, planning documentation, visual communication skills, display production, and architectural office management.

05.0116 Balkans Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of one or more of the peoples inhabiting the Balkan Peninsula and associated island groups and borderlands, Southern Slavic and non-Slavic, during the medieval, Ottoman, and modern periods.

05.0117 Baltic Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of one or more of the peoples inhabiting the coastlands of the Baltic Sea, including Baltic, Germanic, Scandinavian, and Slavic populations, related borderlands and island groups, and problems of cultural survival and assimilation.

05.0118 Slavic Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of one or more of the Slavic peoples inhabiting Europe, Asia, and in immigrant groups elsewhere, including the study of the emergence and migration patterns of Slavic culture, languages, and populations.

05.0119 Caribbean Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of one or more of the peoples inhabiting the major islands and archipelagoes of the Caribbean Sea and related coastal borderlands, including immigration patterns and Pre-Columbian, colonial, and modern societies.

05.0120 Ural-Altaic and Central Asian Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of one or more of the peoples and countries of Inner/Central Asia, including the Turkic and Mongolian inhabitants of the Caspian, Amur, Tien Shan, Baikal, Gobi, Siberian, and Manchurian areas and the historical Silk Road, in terms of their past and present development.

05.0121 Commonwealth Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of one or more of the peoples and countries comprising components of the historical British Empire and modern British Commonwealth, including migration patterns, shared sociocultural and political features and problems, and contemporary relations.

05.0122 Regional Studies (U.   S., Canadian, Foreign). (NEW) A program that focuses on the defined geographic subregions and subcultures within modern and historical countries and societies. Includes such topics as Acadian Studies, French Canadian and Quebec Studies, Southern (U.S.) Studies, Appalachian (U.S.) Studies, New England Studies, Southwestern Studies, Northern Studies, and others.

05.0123 Chinese Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of one or more of the peoples of present-day China and its historical predecessors, related borderlands and island groups, and the overseas Chinese diaspora.

05.0124 French Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of France, other Francophone countries inside and outside Europe, and the French colonial experience and the associated French minorities around the world.

05.0125 German Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of Germany, the neighboring countries of Austria and Switzerland, the German minorities in neighboring European countries, and the historical areas of German influence across Europe and overseas.

05.0126 Italian Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of modern Italy and its predecessors on the Italian Peninsula, including overseas migrations of Italian peoples.

05.0127 Japanese Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of the peoples of Japan, and related island groups and coastal neighbors.

05.0128 Korean Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of the peoples of Korea, including related island groups and borderlands.

05.0129 Polish Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of Poland and the current and historical inhabitants of the Polish lands, including borderlands, from earliest times to the present.

05.0130 Spanish and Iberian Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of the peoples of the Iberian Peninsula and related island groups and border regions from earliest times to the present, with particular emphasis on the development of Spain and Portugal but including other historical and current cultures.

05.0131 Tibetan Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of Tibet and its borderlands, with emphasis on both pre-modern and modern Tibet and associated religious and exile movements.

05.0132 Ukraine Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the history, society, politics, culture, and economics of the Ukraine and its inhabitants, and related border regions, from earliest times to the present.

05.0208 Gay/Lesbian Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on homosexuality in history, society, politics, and cultural life; usually with an emphasis on the modern emergence of gays and lesbians as a sociocultural minority movement, the identification of social, literary, and artistic themes and the definition of, and public policy and legal issues surrounding the gay and lesbian community.

09.0199 Communication and Media Studies, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in communication and media studies not listed above.

09.0404 Photojournalism.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the use of still and motion photography in journalism and prepares individuals to function as news photographers and photographic editors. Includes instruction in photography, journalism, studio procedures and techniques, camera and equipment operation and technique, news editing, print and film editing, news scene composition, subject surveillance, media law and policy, news team field operations, and professional standards and ethics.

09.0499 Journalism, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in journalism not listed above.

09.0702 Digital Communication and Media/Multimedia.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the development, use, and regulation of new electronic communication technologies using computer applications and that prepares individuals to function as developers and managers of digital communications media. Includes instruction in the principles of computers and telecommunications technologies and processes; design and development of digital communications; marketing and distribution; digital communications regulation, law, and policy; the study of human interaction with, and use of, digital media; and emerging trends and issues.

09.0799 Radio, Television, and Digital Communication, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in radio, television, and digital communications not listed above.

09.09 Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 09.0901- 09.0999.

09.0901 Organizational Communication, General.   (NEW) A program that focuses on general communication processes and dynamics within organizations. Includes instruction in the development and maintenance of interpersonal group relations within organizations; decision-making and conflict management; the use of symbols to create and maintain organizational images, missions, and values; power and politics within organizations; human interaction with computer technology; and how communications socializes and supports employees and team members.

09.0902 Public Relations/Image Management.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the theories and methods for managing the media image of a business, organization, or individual and the communication process with stakeholders, constituencies, audiences, and the general public; and that prepares individuals to function as public relations assistants, technicians, and managers. Includes instruction in public relations theory; related principles of advertising, marketing, and journalism; message/image design; image management; special event management; media relations; community relations; public affairs; and internal communications.

09.0904 Political Communication.   (NEW) A program that focuses on human and media communication in the political process and that prepares individuals to function as members of political and public affairs organizations, political campaign staffs, and related government and media entities. Includes instruction in media effects, political speaking and debating, political advertising and marketing, image management, political journalism, opinion polling, and aspects of print and broadcast media related to the production and distribution of media messages in political settings.

09.0905 Health Communication.   (NEW) A program that focuses on how people, individually and collectively, understand and accommodate to health and illness and the role of communication and media in shaping professional health care messages and public acceptance of these messages. Includes instruction in the development and use of health-related and care-related messages and media; the goals and strategies of health care promotion; relationships, roles, situations, and social structures in the context of health maintenance and promotion; and applications to disease prevention, health advocacy, and communications concerning treatments.

09.0999 Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication, Other (NEW) Any instructional program in organizational communication, public relations, and advertising not listed above.  

09.10 Publishing.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 09.1001.

09.1001 Publishing.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the process of managing the creation, publication, and distribution of print and electronic books and other text products and prepares individuals to manage the editorial, technical, and business aspects of publishing operations. Includes instruction in product planning and design, editing, author relations, business and copyright law, publishing industry operations, contracting and purchasing, product marketing, electronic publishing and commerce, history of publishing, and professional standards and ethics.

10.0105 Communications Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that generally prepares individuals to function as workers and managers within communications industries. Includes instruction in business economics; basic management; principles of interpersonal and mediated communications; radio, television, and digital media production; and related aspects of technology and communications systems.

10.02 Audiovisual Communications Technologies/Technicians.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 10.0201- 10.0299.

10.0203 Recording Arts Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to the production of sound recordings as finished products or as components of film/video, broadcast, live, or mixed media productions. Includes instruction in sound equipment operation and maintenance; music, dialogue, and sound effects recording; sound track editing; dubbing and mixing; sound engineering; tape, disk, and CD production; digital recording and transmission; amplification and modulation; and working with producers, editors, directors, artists, and production managers.

10.0299 Audiovisual Communications Technologies/Technicians, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in audiovisual communications technologies not listed above.

10.03 Graphic Communications.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 10.0301- 10.0399.

10.0301 Graphic Communications, General.   (NEW) A program that generally prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills in the manufacture and distribution or transmission of graphic communications products. Includes instruction in the prepress, press, and postpress phases of production operations and processes such as offset lithography, flexography, gravure, letterpress, screen printing, foil stamping, digital imaging, and other reproduction methods.

10.0302 Printing Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical and managerial knowledge and skills to the processes and procedures of managing printing operations from initial design through finished product distribution. Includes instruction in the principles of graphic communications design and production; quality control; printing operations management; computerization; printing plant management; business finance and marketing; logistics and distribution; personnel supervision and leadership; and professional standards in the graphic communications industry.

10.0304 Animation, Interactive Technology, Video Graphics and Special Effects.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to use computer applications and related visual and sound imaging techniques to manipulate images and information originating as film, video, still photographs, digital copy, soundtracks, and physical objects in order to communicate messages simulating real-world content. Includes instruction in specialized camerawork and equipment operation and maintenance, image capture, computer programming, dubbing, CAD applications, and applications to specific commercial, industrial, and entertainment needs.

10.0399 Graphic Communications, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in graphic communications not listed above.

10.99 Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services, Other.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 10.9999.

10.9999 Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in communications technologies and support services not listed above.

11.0102 Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the symbolic inference, representation, and simulation by computers and software of human learning and reasoning processes and capabilities, and the modeling of human motor control and motions by computer-driven machinery. Includes instruction in computing theory, cybernetics, human factors, natural language processing, robot design, and applicable aspects of engineering, technology, and specific end-use applications.

11.0103 Information Technology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the design of technological information systems, including computing systems, as solutions to business and research data and communications support needs. Includes instruction in the principles of computer hardware and software components, algorithms, databases, telecommunications, user tactics, application testing, and human interface design.

11.0199 Computer and Information Sciences, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in computer science not listed above.

11.0202 Computer Programming, Specific Applications.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply the knowledge and skills of general computer programming to the solution of specific operational problems and customization requirements presented by individual software users and organizational users. Includes training in specific types of software and its installation and maintenance.

11.0203 Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to fulfill the requirements set by vendors for professional qualification as certified installation, customization, and maintenance engineers for specific software products and/or processes. Includes training in specific vendor supported software products and their installation and maintenance.

11.0299 Computer Programming, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in computer programming not listed above.

11.06 Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 11.0601- 11.0699.

11.0601 Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, General.   (NEW) A program that generally prepares individuals to perform basic data and text entry using standard and customized software products. Includes instruction in keyboarding skills, personal computer and work station operation, reading draft texts and raw data forms, audio and tape dictation, and various interactive software programs used for tasks such as word processing, spreadsheets, databases, and others.

11.0602 Word Processing.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform text typing, table construction, and document formatting tasks on personal computers at a high rate of accuracy and proficiency. Includes instruction in keyboarding skills, word processor operation, textual draft interpretation, audio and tape dictation, and specific word processing program software.

11.0699 Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in data entry/microcomputer applications not listed above.

11.08 Computer Software and Media Applications.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 11.0801- 11.0899.

11.0801 Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply HTML, XML, Javascript, graphics applications, and other authoring tools to the design, editing, and publishing (launching) of documents, images, graphics, sound, and multimedia products on the World Wide Web. Includes instruction in Internet theory; web page standards and policies; elements of web page design; user interfaces; vector tools; special effects; interactive and multimedia components; search engines; navigation; morphing; e-commerce tools; and emerging web technologies.

11.0802 Data Modeling/Warehousing and Database Administration.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to design and manage the construction of databases and related software programs and applications, including the linking of individual data sets to create complex searchable databases (warehousing) and the use of analytical search tools (mining). Includes instruction in database theory, logic, and semantics; operational and warehouse modeling; dimensionality; attributes and hierarchies; data definition; technical architecture; access and security design; integration; formatting and extraction; data delivery; index design; implementation problems; planning and budgeting; and client and networking issues.

11.0803 Computer Graphics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the software, hardware, and mathematical tools used to represent, display, and manipulate topological, two-, and three-dimensional objects on a computer screen and that prepares individuals to function as computer graphics specialists. Includes instruction in graphics software and systems; digital multimedia; graphic design; graphics devices, processors, and standards; attributes and transformations; projections; surface identification and rendering; color theory and application; and applicable geometry and algorithms.

11.0899 Computer Software and Media Applications, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in computer software and media applications not listed above.

11.09 Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 11.0901.

11.0901 Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the design, implementation, and management of linked systems of computers, peripherals, and associated software to maximize efficiency and productivity, and that prepares individuals to function as network specialists and managers at various levels. Includes instruction in operating systems and applications; systems design and analysis; networking theory and solutions; types of networks; network management and control; network and flow optimization; security; configuring; and troubleshooting.

11.10 Computer/Information Technology Administration and Management.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 11.1001-11.1099.

11.1001 System Administration/Administrator.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to manage the computer operations and control the system configurations emanating from a specific site or network hub. Includes instruction in computer hardware and software and applications; local area (LAN) and wide area (WAN) networking; principles of information systems security; disk space and traffic load monitoring; data backup; resource allocation; and setup and takedown procedures.

11.1002 System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to oversee and regulate the computer system and performance requirements of an entire organization or network of satellite users. Includes instruction in performance balancing; redundancy; local area (LAN) and wide area (WAN) network management; system migration and upgrading; outage control; problem diagnosis and troubleshooting; and system maintenance budgeting and management.

11.1003 Computer and Information Systems Security.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to assess the security needs of computer and network systems, recommend safeguard solutions, and manage the implementation and maintenance of security devices, systems, and procedures. Includes instruction in computer architecture, programming, and systems analysis; networking; telecommunications; cryptography; security system design; applicable law and regulations; risk assessment and policy analysis; contingency planning; user access issues; investigation techniques; and troubleshooting.

11.1004 Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to develop and maintain web servers and the hosted web pages at one or a group of web sites, and to function as designated webmasters. Includes instruction in computer systems and networks; server installation and maintenance; web page design and editing; information resources management; web policy and procedures; Internet applications of information systems security; user interfacing and usability research; and relevant management and communications skills.

11.1099 Computer/Information Technology Services Administration andManagement, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in computer/information technology services administration and management not listed above.

12.0302 Funeral Direction/Service.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals for professional licensure as funeral directors and as managers of funeral homes, cemeteries, and related services. Includes instruction in the sociology of death and dying, psychology of grief and grief counseling, history of funeral service, funeral direction, business law, funeral service law, funeral home management, accounting and related computer operations, and funeral services marketing and merchandising.

12.0303 Mortuary Science and Embalming/Embalmer.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals for licensure as embalmers and morticians. Includes instruction in pathogenic microbiology, systematic pathology, thanatochemistry, gross anatomy, clinical mortuary science, embalming, restorative art, applicable laws and regulations, and special services such as cremation and preparations required by specific religious communities.

12.0399 Funeral Service and Mortuary Science, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in funeral service and mortuary science not listed above.

12.0407 Hair Styling/Stylist and Hair Design.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to shampoo, cut, style, set, and dress the scalp hair of women and/or men, braid hair, apply hair cosmetics and wigs, and prepare for licensure as professional cosmetologists, hairdressers, and barbers at various levels. Includes instruction in hair design theory and concepts, hair cleaning and shampooing, hair coloring, chemical applications and permanent reconstructions, hair anatomy and physiology, scalp diseases and treatments, wig and hairpiece fitting, hair braiding, customer service, shop management, equipment operation, health and safety, and applicable laws and regulations.

12.0408 Facial Treatment Specialist/Facialist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to massage and treat the face, neck, and scalp with chemical and cosmetic preparations, and to function as licensed facial specialists in specialized and full service salons. Includes instruction in facial surface anatomy; skin properties; skin decontamination and infection control; facial massage; facial makeup; facial wrapping; selection and application of creams, lotions, oils, and other chemicals and cosmetics; European and other facial techniques; client evaluation and care, applicable laws and regulations, and business practices.

12.0409 Aesthetician/Esthetician and Skin Care Specialist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to cleanse, depilate, massage, and beautify the human body and to function as licensed estheticians and skin care specialists. Includes instruction in skin anatomy, physiology, and health; principles of nutrition; decontamination and infection control; health and safety; facial and body massage; body wrapping and spa treatments; temporary hair removal including waxing and tweezing; color and skin analysis; client consultation and care; applicable laws and regulations; business practices; and sometimes related alternative healing regimens.

12.0410 Nail Technician/Specialist and Manicurist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to shape fingernails and toenails, remove unwanted skin and blemishes, apply polish and cosmetics to nails, and function as licensed manicurists or nail technicians/specialists. Includes instruction in manicuring theory; skin anatomy; nail growth, irregularities, and diseases; sterilization and sanitation; equipment and table maintenance; cuticle, blemish, and rough skin removal; nail filing, shaping, and polishing; cream application and extremity massage; nail sculpture and design art; product storage and use; customer service; laws and regulations; and business practices.

12.0411 Permanent Cosmetics/Makeup and Tattooing.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to prepare and apply permanent markings, color, and cosmetic products to the face and body for aesthetic or clinical purposes; to remove unwanted markings; and to function as licensed permanent makeup artists and tattooists. Includes instruction in client consultation; sterilization and sanitation; skin anatomy, diseases, and disorders; skin preparation and anesthetics; color theory; machine theory and operation; needle selection; applications such as eyebrows, eyeliners, lips, lipliners, beauty marks, and blemish/mark removal; after care; laws and regulations; and business practices.

12.0412 Salon/Beauty Salon Management/Manager.   (NEW) A program that prepares cosmetologists, hairstylists, and other personal grooming specialists to manage beauty parlors, shops, and full-service or specialized salons and to prepare for licensure as professional salon owners and operators. Includes instruction in cosmetic services marketing and retailing; advertising and promotion; salon management; the cosmetic and salon supply industries; hiring, supervision, and labor relations; applicable business and professional laws and regulations; professional standards and image; and customer service.

12.0413 Cosmetology, Barber/Styling, and Nail Instructor.   (NEW) A program that prepares cosmetologists, barbers, stylists, nail technicians, and other grooming specialists to teach their specializations in licensed and accredited schools of cosmetology and barbering, and to prepare for licensure as instructors. Includes instruction in cosmetology arts and sciences teaching principles; student learning styles; professional curricula development; instructional planning; instructional methods and aids; student counseling and career assistance; test development; and classroom/clinic management.

12.0500 Cooking and Related Culinary Arts, General.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the general study of the cooking and related culinary arts, and that may prepare individuals for a variety of jobs within the food service industry. Includes instruction in food preparation; cooking techniques; equipment operation and maintenance; sanitation and safety; communication skills; applicable regulations; and principles of food service management.

12.0508 Institutional Food Workers.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals in production and service used in governmental, commercial or independently owned institutional food establishments and related food industry occupations. Includes instruction in selecting, storing, preparing, and serving food and food products; basic nutrition; sanitation, and food safety; the use and care of commercial equipment; serving techniques; and the operation of institutional food establishments.

13.0202 Multicultural Education.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the design, and implementation of instructional and advising services for culturally diverse learning populations. Includes instruction in cultural diversity, at-risk populations, multilingual and ESL education, program and curriculum design, instructional technology, information resources, LEP and minority education strategies, counseling and communicating with multicultural populations, law and regulations, and applications to specific cultural groups, educational services, and research issues.

13.0203 Indian/Native American Education.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the design and implementation of instructional and advising services for American Indian, Alaska Native, and Hawaiian Native students at various learning levels and that prepares individuals to perform teaching and administrative functions in Tribal/First Nation schools. Includes instruction in the cultural traditions and social patterns, history and politics, learning styles and issues, curriculum design, LEP and minority education strategies, counseling techniques and social issues, rural education services, distance education, adult education techniques, school administration, applicable laws and regulations, and research issues.

13.0299 Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in bilingual, multilingual, and multicultural Education not listed above.

13.0408 Elementary and Middle School Administration/Principalship.   (NEW) A program that focuses on educational administration at the elementary and middle school (K-7) levels, and prepares individuals to serve as principals and masters of elementary and middle schools. Includes instruction in elementary and/or middle school education, program and facilities planning, budgeting and administration, public relations, human resources management, childhood and pre-adolescent growth and development, counseling skills, applicable law and regulations, school safety, policy studies, and professional standards and ethics.

13.0409 Secondary School Administration/Principalship.   (NEW) A program that focuses on educational administration at the junior high, secondary, or senior high school (7-12) levels, and prepares individuals to serve as principals and masters of secondary schools. Includes instruction in secondary school education, program and facilities planning, budgeting and administration, public relations, human resources management, adolescent growth and development, counseling skills, applicable law and regulations, school safety, policy studies, and professional standards and ethics.

13.0410 Urban Education and Leadership.   (NEW) A program that focuses on issues and problems specific to the educational needs of populations and communities located in metropolitan, inner city, and related areas and prepares individuals to provide educational services and administrative leadership in urban contexts. Includes instruction in multicultural education, at-risk studies, urban sociology, multilingual education, urban studies and planning, human services, health services and nutrition, cross-cultural communication, diversity studies, safety and security, and urban educational administration and leadership.

13.0411 Superintendency and Educational System Administration.   (NEW) A program that focuses on leading and managing multi-school educational systems and school districts, and prepares individuals to serve as systems administrators and district superintendents. Includes instruction in educational administration; education of students at various levels; system planning and budgeting; educational policy; educational law and regulations; public relations; professional standards and ethics; and applications to specific issues, cultural context, and geographic locales.

13.1014 Education/Teaching of Individuals Who are Developmentally Delayed.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the design of educational services for children or adults who exhibit slow social, physical, cognitive, or emotional growth patterns related to age, or a combination of such factors that affect learning, and that prepares individuals to teach such students. Includes instruction in identification of developmental delay patterns, developing individual education plans, teaching and supervising developmentally delayed students, counseling, and applicable laws and policies.

13.1015 Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the design and provision of teaching and other educational services to infant and pre-school age children with special learning needs or disabilities, and that prepares individuals to teach such students. Includes instruction in diagnosing learning disabilities, developing individual education plans, teaching and supervising special education students, special education counseling, and applicable laws and policies.

13.1016 Education/Teaching of Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injuries.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the design of educational services for children or adults who are surviving and recovering from brain and brain stem injuries affecting their cognitive, perceptive, and motor functions. Includes instruction in neurophysiology and neuropathology; speech, other sensory, and motor pathologies; emotional and cognitive disabilities; physical and occupational rehabilitation techniques; developing individual education plans, teaching and supervising brain-injured students, counseling, and applicable laws and policies.

13.1199 Student Counseling and Personnel Services, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in student counseling and personnel services not listed above.

13.1207 Montessori Teacher Education.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to teach students at various grade levels according to the pedagogical principles and methods developed by Maria Montessori and her followers.

13.1208 Waldorf/Steiner Teacher Education.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to teach students at various grade levels according to the pedagogical principles and methods developed by Rudolf Steiner and his followers.

13.1209 Kindergarten/Preschool Education and Teaching.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to teach students in formal settings prior to beginning regular elementary school, usually ranging in age from three to six years (or grade one), depending on the school system or state regulations. Includes preparation to teach all relevant subject matter.

13.1210 Early Childhood Education and Teaching.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to teach students ranging in age from infancy through eight years (grade three), depending on the school system or state regulations. Includes preparation to teach all relevant subject matter.

13.1332 Geography Teacher Education.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to teach geography at various grade levels.

13.1333 Latin Teacher Education.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to teach Latin at various grade levels.

13.1334 School Librarian/School Library Media Specialist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to serve as librarians and media specialists in elementary and secondary schools as well as special instructional centers.

13.1335 Psychology Teacher Education.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to teach general psychology at the secondary school level.

13.1402 Teaching French as a Second or Foreign Language.   (NEW) A program study that focuses on the principles and practice of teaching French to students who are not proficient in French or who do not speak, read, or write French, and prepares individuals to serve as teachers and administrators.

13.1499 Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, Other.   (NEW) Any program in teaching English or French as a second or foreign language not listed above.

13.1502 Adult Literacy Tutor/Instructor.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to serve as instructors and mentors for adults in basic or functional literacy programs in school, institutional, community, and private settings.

13.1599 Teaching Assistants/Aides, Other.   (NEW) Any teaching assistant/aide program not listed above.

14.0902 Computer Hardware Engineering.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply mathematical and scientific principles to the design, development, and evaluation of computer hardware and related peripheral equipment. Includes instruction in computer circuit and chip design, circuitry, computer systems design, computer equipment design, computer layout planning, testing procedures, and related computer theory and software topics.

14.0903 Computer Software Engineering.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply scientific and mathematical principles to the design, analysis, verification, validation, implementation, and maintenance of computer software systems using a variety of computer languages. Includes instruction in discrete mathematics, probability and statistics, computer science, managerial science, and applications to complex computer systems.

14.0999 Computer Engineering, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in computer engineering not listed above.

14.33 Construction Engineering.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 14.3301.

14.3301 Construction Engineering.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply scientific, mathematical, and management principles to the planning, design, and building of facilities and structures. Includes instruction in civil engineering, structural principles, site analysis, computer-assisted design, geology, evaluation and testing, materials, contracting, project management, graphic communications, and applicable laws and regulations.

14.34 Forest Engineering.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 14.3401.

14.3401 Forest Engineering.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply scientific, mathematical, and forestry principles to the design of mechanical devices and processes for efficient forest management, timber production and related forest logistics systems. Includes instruction in forest products processing, forest management, forest harvesting, timber structure design, production analysis, road and bridge construction, vehicle adaptation and design, and harvesting equipment design.

14.35 Industrial Engineering.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 14.3501.

14.3501 Industrial Engineering.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply scientific and mathematical principles to the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, material, information, and energy. Includes instruction in applied mathematics, physical sciences, the social sciences, engineering analysis, systems design, computer applications, and forecasting and evaluation methodology.

14.36 Manufacturing Engineering.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 14.3601.

14.3601 Manufacturing Engineering.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply scientific and mathematical principles to the design, development, and implementation of manufacturing systems. Includes instruction in materials science and engineering, manufacturing processes, process engineering, assembly and product engineering, manufacturing systems design, and manufacturing competitiveness.

14.37 Operations Research.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 14.3701.

14.38 Surveying Engineering.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 14.3801.

14.3801 Surveying Engineering.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply scientific and mathematical principles to the determination of the location, elevations, and alignment of natural and manmade topographic features. Includes instruction in property line location, surveying, surface measurement, aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry, remote sensing, satellite imagery, global positioning systems, computer applications, and photographic data processing.

14.39 Geological/Geophysical Engineering.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 14.3901.

14.3901 Geological/Geophysical Engineering.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply mathematical and geological principles to the analysis and evaluation of engineering problems, including the geological evaluation of construction sites, the analysis of geological forces acting on structures and systems, the analysis of potential natural resource recovery sites, and applied research on geological phenomena.

15.00 Engineering Technology, General.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 15.0000.

15.0305 Telecommunications Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills to help design and implement telecommunications systems. Includes instruction in communications protocol, data networking, digital compression algorithms, digital signal processing, Internet access, object-oriented and relational databases, and programming languages.

15.0508 Hazardous Materials Management and Waste Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills in support of engineers and other professionals engaged in identifying and disposing of hazardous materials. Includes instruction in environmental safety principles, biohazard identification, testing and sampling procedures, laboratory techniques, instrumentation calibration, hazardous waste disposal procedures and systems, safety and protection procedures, equipment maintenance, and report preparation.

15.0612 Industrial Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills in support of industrial engineers and managers. Includes instruction in optimization theory, human factors, organizational behavior, industrial processes, industrial planning procedures, computer applications, and report and presentation preparation.

15.0613 Manufacturing Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills to the identification and resolution of production problems in the manufacture of products. Includes instruction in machine operations, production line operations, engineering analysis, systems analysis, instrumentation, physical controls, automation, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), manufacturing planning, quality control, and informational infrastructure.

15.0703 Industrial Safety Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills to assist engineers and other professionals in implementing and enforcing industrial safety standards. Includes instruction in industrial processes, industrial hygiene, toxicology, ergonomics, system and process safety, safety performance measurement, human factors, human behavior, and applicable law and regulations.

15.0704 Hazardous Materials Information Systems Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills to assist engineers and other professionals in implementing, monitoring, and enforcing hazardous materials management and removal. Includes instruction in environmental science, environmental health, human behavior, economics, management science, information systems and applications, and communication skills.

15.1199 Engineering-Related Technologies, Other.   (NEW) Any programs in engineering-related technologies and technicians not listed above.

15.12 Computer Engineering Technologies/Technicians.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 15.1201- 15.1299.

15.1202 Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills in support of professionals who use computer systems. Includes instruction in basic computer design and architecture, programming, problems of specific computer applications, component and system maintenance and inspection procedures, hardware and software problem diagnosis and repair, and report preparation.

15.1203 Computer Hardware Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills to support engineers in designing computer hardware and peripheral systems. Includes instruction in computer systems design, computer architecture, computer electronics, processors, peripherals, testing equipment, and computer manufacturing processes.

15.1204 Computer Software Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills to support engineers in developing, implementing, and evaluation computer software and program applications. Includes instruction in computer programming, programming languages, databases, user interfaces, networking and warehousing, encryption and security, software testing and evaluation, and customization.

15.1299 Computer Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in computer engineering technologies not listed above.

15.13 Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 15.1301- 15.1399.

15.1302 CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical skills and advanced computer software and hardware to the creation of graphic representations and simulations in support of engineering projects. Includes instruction in engineering graphics, two-dimensional and three-dimensional engineering design, solids modeling, engineering animation, computer-aided drafting (CAD), computer-aided design (CADD), and auto-CAD techniques.

15.1399 Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in drafting/design engineering technologies not listed above.

15.14 Nuclear Engineering Technologies/Technicians.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 15.1401.

15.1401 Nuclear Engineering Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply basic engineering, knowledge and technical skills in support of engineer and other professionals operating nuclear facilities and engaged in nuclear applications and safety procedures. Includes instruction in physics, nuclear science, nuclear systems, nuclear plant and systems design, radiological safety, radiological applications, and applicable law and regulations.

15.15 Engineering-Related Fields.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 15.1501.

16.0199 Linguistic, Comparative, and Related Language Studies and Services, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in linguistic, comparative, and related language studies and services not listed above.

16.02 African Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 16.0201.

16.0201 African Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on one or more of the languages native to the African continent, with an emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa but including some Saharan languages and dialects. Includes instruction in African linguistic philology and diffusion; African literatures (oral and written); Bantu languages (Swahili, Lingala, Tswana, Kongo, Zulu, Xhosa, Luba, Kikuyu, Sotho, Rundi, Rwanda, Swazi, and others); Nilo-Saharan languages (Kanuri, Ibo, Zande, Bagirmi, Dinka, Nubian, Maasai, and others); Niger-Congo languages (Wolof, Temne, Fon, Sango, Mossi, Senufo, Yoruba, Igbo, Akan, Ewe, Fulani, Mande, and others; Khoisan languages (!Kung and others); and the Chadic (Hausa, Margi, and others) and Ethiopic (Amharic, Galla, Ge'ez, Tigre, Tigrinya, and others) languages of the Hamito-Semitic language family.

16.0300 East Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General.   (NEW) A general program that focuses on one or more of the Sino-Tibetan, Japanese, and Korean languages of East Asia. Includes instruction in philology, linguistics, dialects and pidgins, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0303 Korean Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Korean language. Includes instruction in Korean philology; Pre-Modern and Modern Korean; Korean dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0304 Tibetan Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Tibetan language. Includes instruction in Tibetan philology, secular and religious Tibetan, Tibetan dialects, and applications to business, science/technology, Buddhist studies, and other settings.

16.0400 Slavic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General.   (NEW) A general program that focuses on one or more of the Slavic languages of Central and Eastern Europe. Includes instruction in philology, linguistics, dialects and pidgins, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0401 Baltic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the languages of the Baltic peoples and the relationship of Baltic philology to comparative linguistics and Indo-European origins. Includes instruction in the modern languages of Latvian and Lithuanian, their literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings; and extinct languages such as Old Prussian and Curionian.

16.0404 Albanian Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Albanian language. Includes instruction in Albanian/Illyrian philology, Ghegg and Tosk dialects, Modern Standard Albanian, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0405 Bulgarian Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Bulgarian language. Includes instruction in Bulgarian philology, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0406 Czech Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Czech language. Includes instruction in Czech philology, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0407 Polish Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Polish language. Includes instruction in Polish philology, dialects, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0408 Serbian, Croatian, and Serbo-Croatian Languages and Literatures.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Serbian and/or Croatian languages, either separately or considered as related derivatives of a common ancestor language. Includes instruction in Serbo-Croatian philology, dialects such as Bosnian, Modern Croatian, Modern Serbian, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0409 Slovak Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Slovak language. Includes instruction in Slovak philology, dialects, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0410 Ukrainian Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Ukrainian language. Includes instruction in Ukrainian philology, dialects, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0500 Germanic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General.   (NEW) A general program that focuses on one or more of the Germanic languages of Western, Central, and Northern Europe. Includes instruction in philology, linguistics, dialects and pidgins, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0503 Danish Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Danish language and related dialects as used in Denmark and Greenland (Kaalit Nuniat). Includes instruction in Danish philology, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0504 Dutch/Flemish Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Dutch language and related dialects as used in The Netherlands, Flemish-speaking Belgium, the Netherlands Antilles, and Suriname. Includes instruction in Dutch/Flemish philology, literature, Dutch Creoles, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0505 Norwegian Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Norwegian language and related dialects. Includes instruction in Norwegian philology, Bokmal and Nynorsk dialects, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0506 Swedish Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Swedish language and related dialects as used in Sweden, Finland, and related island groups. Includes instruction in Swedish philology, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0700 South Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General.   (NEW) A general program that focuses on one or more of the languages, literatures, and linguistics of the peoples speaking the Indo-Aryan (Indic), Dravidian, and other languages of the Indian subcontinent and associated borderlands and island groups. Programs may involve multiple languages and language families, not be specific as to the name of the language(s) studied, or be otherwise undifferentiated.

16.0701 Hindi Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Hindi language, antecessors, and related dialects as spoken in India. Includes instruction in Hindi philology, Modern Hindi, Hindustani, related dialects, and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0702 Sanskrit and Classical Indian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on Sanskrit and related ancient and classical Indo-Aryan languages. Includes instruction in Vedic and Classical Sanskrit, Pali and other Prakrits, and the historical development of Indo-Aryan languages and their relation to Indo-European languages such as Greek, Latin and the Baltic languages.

16.0704 Bengali Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Bengali language (Bangla) and related dialects as spoken in India and Bangladesh. Includes instruction in Bengali philology, Modern Bangla, Bengali dialects, and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0705 Punjabi Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Punjabi language (Punjabi) and related dialects as spoken in India and Pakistan. Includes instruction in Panjabi philology, Modern Panjabi, Panjabi dialects, and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0706 Tamil Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Tamil language and related dialects as spoken in South India and Sri Lanka. Includes instruction in Tamil philology, Classical and Modern Tamil, Tamil dialects, and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0707 Urdu Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Urdu language and related dialects as spoken in Pakistan and portions of India and Afghanistan. Includes instruction in Urdu philology, Modern Urdu, Urdu dialects, and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0799 South Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in South Asian languages, literatures, and linguistics not listed above, including such languages as Bihari, Marathi, Gujarati, Rajasthani, Oriya, Nepalese, Sinhalese, Assamese, Sindhi, Romany, Telugu, Kannanda, Malayalam, and others.

16.08 Iranian/Persian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 16.0801.

16.0801 Iranian/Persian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the languages used in ancient, medieval, and modern Iran and its border regions. Includes instruction in modern Farsi/Persian; Avestan/Old Persian; related modern languages such as Pashto, Kurdish, Baluchi, Dari, Tadzhik, Ossetian, and others; related extinct languages such as Median, Parthian, Bactrian, Sogdian, and Khwarezmian; and applications of modern Farsi and other languages to applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0900 Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General.   (NEW) A general program that focuses on one or more of the Romance languages of Western, Central, and Southern Europe. Includes instruction in philology, linguistics, dialects and pidgins, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0906 Romanian Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Romanian language and related dialects. Includes instruction in Romanian philology, Modern Romanian, Romanian regional dialects, and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.0907 Catalan Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Catalan language and related dialects. Includes instruction in Catalan philology, Modern Catalan, Catalan dialects, and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.10 American Indian/Native American Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 16.1001.

16.1001 American Indian/Native American Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on one or more of the languages native to the Western Hemisphere, with an emphasis on American Indian languages but including other Native American langu

16.1100 Semitic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General.   (NEW) A general program that focuses on one or more of the Semitic languages of Western Asia, North Africa, and Europe. Includes instruction in philology, linguistics, dialects and pidgins, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1103 Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on one or more of the extinct Semitic and/or Non-Semitic languages spoken in the ancient Near East, including those used to write historical Jewish and Christian religious texts. Includes instruction in languages such as Egyptian/Coptic, Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Aramaic, Cannanite, Phonecian, Samarian, Ugaritic, Syriac, Mandean, Hattic, Elamite, Hurrian, Hittite, Urartian, Lydian, Luwian, Lycian, Palaic, Sabaean/South Arabian, and other associated languages, plus allied disciplines such as philology, epigraphy, papyrology, numismatics, and textual studies.

16.13 Celtic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 16.1301.

16.1301 Celtic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the historical and modern languages spoken by the Celtic peoples of the British Isles, Continental Europe, and Asia Minor. Includes instruction in Celtic philology; modern languages such as Irish, Scots Gaelic, Welsh, and Breton; and extinct or revived languages such as Cornish, Manx, Galatian, and others.

16.14 Southeast Asian and Australasian/Pacific Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 16.1400 - 16.1499.

16.1400 Southeast Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General.   (NEW) A program that generally focuses on one or more of the modern o r historical languages spoken or originating in mainland Southeast Asia and the Indonesian and Philippines Archipelagoes, including members of the Thai, Tibeto-Burman, and Malayo-Polynesian language families. Programs may involve multiple languages and language families, not be specific as to the name of the language(s) studied, or be otherwise undifferentiated.

16.1401 Australian/Oceanic/Pacific Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the languages spoken by the Melanesian, Micronesian, and Polynesian peoples inhabiting Papua/New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and the island groups of the Pacific Ocean. Includes instruction in such languages as the Papuan languages (Pidgin, Police Motu, and others); the Australian languages; Micronesian languages (Nauruan, Fijian, Mola, and others); and the Polynesian languages (Maori, Tahitian, Tongan, Samoan, and others); their oral and written literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1402 Bahasa Indonesian/Bahasa Malay Languages and Literatures.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the modern Bahasa Malay and Bahasa Indonesian languages spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Includes instruction in Malay and Indonesian philology, Bahasa Indonesian, Bahasa Malay, historical Malay and Javanese, Bahasa dialects, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1403 Burmese Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Burmese language. Includes instruction in Burmese philology, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1404 Filipino/Tagalog Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the modern Filipino/Tagalog language as used in the Philippines. Includes instruction in Filipino philology, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1405 Khmer/Cambodian Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Khmer language as spoken in Cambodia. Includes instruction in Mon-Khmer philology, Classical and Modern Khmer, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1406 Lao/Laotian Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Laotian language. Includes instruction in Laotian philology, Modern Laotian and dialects, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1407 Thai Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Thai languages. Includes instruction in Thai philology, dialects, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1408 Vietnamese Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Vietnamese language. Includes instruction in Vietnamese philology, Classical and Modern Vietnamese, dialects, literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1499 Southeast Asian and Australasian/Pacific Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in Southeast Asian and Australasian/Pacific languages, literatures, and linguistics not listed above, including such languages as Shan, Yuan, Lolo-Moso, Bodo, Naga, Kachin, Karen, Sundan, Malagasy, Batak, Madurese, Makassarese, Achinese, Bisayan, Ilokano, Dayak, and others.

16.15 Turkic, Ural-Altaic, Caucasian, and Central Asian Languages, Literatures, and Lingustics.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 16.1501 - 16.1599.

16.1501 Turkish Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Turkish language in either or both of its pre-modern and modern variants. Includes instruction in Turkish philology, Ottoman Turkish, Modern Turkish, Turkish dialects, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1502 Finnish and Related Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on Finnish and related Finnic languages such as Estonian, Karelian, Sami, and others. Includes instruction in Finnish and Finnic philology, oral and written literatures, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1503 Hungarian/Magyar Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Hungarian language. Includes instruction in Hungarian philology, Hungarian literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1504 Mongolian Language and Literature.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the Mongolian language. Includes instruction in Mongolian philology, Mongolian dialects, oral and written literature, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

16.1599 Turkic, Ural-Altaic, Caucasian, and Central Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in the Turkic, Caucasian, and Central Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics not listed above including languages such as Altaic, Armenian, Avaric, Azeri, Chechen-Ingushetian, Bashkir, Georgian, Kazakh, Kirghiz, Tatar, Turkmen, Uighur, Uzbek, and others.

16.16 American Sign Language.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 16.1601- 16.1699.

16.1601 American Sign Language (ASL).   (NEW) A program that focuses on American Sign Language as a visual and motor medium of communication and discourse for deaf individuals and deaf culture. Includes instruction in the development of ASL, ASL morphology and syntax, signing technique, English translation of ASL, formal and colloquial ASL, and ASL transcription.

16.1602 Linguistics of ASL and Other Sign Languages.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific and scholarly study of the development, structure, and use of American Sign Language (ASL) and other visual signed languages, both as vehicles for communication within the deaf community and in relation to spoken and written languages. Includes instruction in cognitive linguistics; ASL and sign language phonology, syntax, and morphology; sociolinguistics of the deaf community; comparative linguistics; and studies of specific sign languages such as ASL, Auslan (Australian Sign Language), LSF (French Sign Language), Shuwa jiten (Japanese Sign Language), HamNoSys (German Sign Language), Gestuno, and others.

16.1699 American Sign Language, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program that focuses on American Sign Language as a communication medium or language skill that is not listed above.

19.00 Work and Family Studies.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 19.0000.

19.0000 Work and Family Studies.   (NEW) An introductory program that focuses on family and consumer science concepts and principles at the basic and vocational levels, and the various potential career paths open to interested students. Includes instruction in career, community, and family connections; family and family/consumer resources; human development; interpersonal relationships; nutrition and wellness; parenting; and career possibilities in various related areas.

19.0203 Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management.   (NEW) A program that focuses on product and service promotion from the perspective of individual and family consumers and that prepares individuals to function as consumer management and marketing consultants in for-profit and non-profit enterprises. Includes instruction in applied market research; consumer behavior; product sourcing and distribution; profitability; customer feedback and evaluation methods; promotion and retailing campaign development; and applications to specific domestic and international consumer markets.

19.0299 Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences Business Services, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in family and consumer sciences/human sciences business services not listed above.

19.0403 Consumer Services and Advocacy.   (NEW) A program that focuses on providing end-use advice and representational services to individuals and groups within a variety of settings, and the analytical and research techniques needed to protect consumers from unsafe, unreliable, and/or unhealthy products and services. Includes instruction in consumer advocacy, family management systems, ecological impacts of consumption practices, and analyzing and testing product quality and safety.

19.0504 Human Nutrition.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the relationships between food consumption and human development and health. Includes instruction in the cellular and molecular processes of food processing in the human body, related metabolic processes, the relationship of food and nutrition to disease, and nutritional needs across the life span.

19.0604 Facilities Planning and Management.   (NEW) A program that focuses on strategic workplace and facility planning and that prepares individuals to function as facility and event managers and workplace consultants. Includes instruction in the principles of aesthetic and functional design; environmental psychology and organizational behavior; real estate planning; principles of occupational health and safety; event planning and management; operations management; and applicable regulatory and policy issues.

19.0702 Adult Development and Aging.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the characteristics of aging populations and the needs of older individuals in family and institutional settings. Includes instruction in the biological and psychological stages of aging; the provision of dependent care; serving the social, economic, and psychological needs of aging adults; related public policy issues; and adult community resources.

19.0708 Child Care and Support Services Management.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the provision and management of child care services and that prepares individuals to plan, design, and manage child care facilities and programs that meet children's developmental needs and interests and that provide safe and healthy environments. Includes instruction in child development and psychology; home- and institution-based child care; identification of diseases, injuries, and psychological trauma and applicable referrals; parent relations; personnel and business management principles; and related laws and policies.

19.0902 Apparel and Textile Manufacture.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the design, development, and production of textile products and related processes and systems. Includes instruction in functional and aesthetic design, human factors research, production planning, manufacturing processes, quality assessment, and distribution systems.

19.0904 Textile Science.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the properties and processing of fibers, yarns, whole fabrics, dyes, and finishes, both natural and synthetic. Includes instruction in the chemical and physical properties of textile materials; end-use analysis; interior furnishing applications; and industrial applications.

19.0905 Apparel and Textile Marketing Management.   (NEW) A program that focuses on marketing research and management as applied to the products and services of the apparel and textile industries. Includes instruction in applicable principles of textile and apparel design and manufacturing, sales and distribution systems, domestic and international market research, profitability, consumer research, and the design and implementation of marketing campaigns.

19.0999 Apparel and Textiles, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in apparel and textiles not listed above.

22.00 Non-Professional General Legal Studies (Undergraduate).   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 22.0000- 22.0001.

22.0000 Legal Studies, General.   (NEW) A general program that focuses on law and legal issues from the perspective of the social sciences and humanities.

22.02 Legal Research and Advanced Professional Studies (Post-LL.   B./J.D.). (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 22.0201- 22.0299.

22.0201 Advanced Legal Research/Studies, General (LL.   M., M.C.L., M.L.I., M.S.L., J.S.D./S.J.D.). (NEW) An integrated or undifferentiated program in one or more of the legal research or advanced practice fields.

22.0202 Programs for Foreign Lawyers (LL.   M., M.C.L.). (NEW) A program that prepares lawyers educated outside the United States to understand U. S. or Canadian law and jurisprudence.

22.0203 American/U.   S. Law/Legal Studies/Jurisprudence (LL.M., M.C.J., J.S.D./S.J.D.). (NEW) An advanced, professional program of the U. S. legal system, Constitution law, and jurisprudence. Includes instruction in legal history, legal sociology, philosophy of law, Constitutional law, legal procedure, and related topics.

22.0204 Canadian Law/Legal Studies/Jurisprudence (LL.   M., M.C.J., J.S.D./S.J.D.). (NEW) An advanced, professional study of the Canadian legal system, Constitution law, and jurisprudence. Includes instruction in legal history, legal sociology, philosophy of law, Constitutional law, Commonwealth law, legal procedure, and related topics.

22.0205 Banking, Corporate, Finance, and Securities Law (LL.   M., J.S.D./S.J.D.). (NEW) An advanced, professional study of the law and process related to the regulation of businesses and the financial services industry. Includes instruction in corporate law, antitrust law, securities law and regulation, negotiation, incorporation, partnerships, trusts, and related topics

22.0206 Comparative Law (LL.   M., M.C.L., J.S.D./S.J.D.). (NEW) An advanced, professional study of legal systems and philosophies in comparative perspective.

22.0207 Energy, Environment, and Natural Resources Law (LL.   M., M.S., J.S.D./S.J.D.). (NEW) An advanced, professional study of the law, policies, and regulations governing the energy industry, environmental protection, natural resources and land use, and related topics.

22.0208 Health Law (LL.   M., M.J., J.S.D./S.J.D.). (NEW) An advanced, professional study of the law, policies and regulations affecting the health care industry, health professions, health services and insurance industries, and patients.

22.0209 International Law and Legal Studies (LL.   M., J.S.D./S.J.D.). (NEW) An advanced, professional study of the law affecting relations between nations, the behavior of international organizations, and the international activities of private citizens and organizations.

22.0210 International Business, Trade, and Tax Law (LL.   M., J.S.D./S.J.D.). (NEW) An advanced, professional study of the law, policies, and regulations governing transnational business and commercial practices, including the specialized tax law related to international financial transactions.

22.0211 Tax Law/Taxation (LL.   M, J.S.D./S.J.D.). (NEW) An advanced, professional study of tax law and taxation procedures in U. S. or Canadian jurisdictions affecting individuals and corporations.

22.0299 Legal Research and Advanced Professional Studies, Other.   (NEW) Any program in legal research and advanced professional studies not listed above.

22.03 Legal Support Services.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 22.0301 - 22.0399.

22.0399 Legal Support Services, Other.   (NEW) Any program in legal support services not listed above.

22.99 Legal Professions and Studies, Other.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 22.9999.

22.9999 Legal Professions and Studies, Other.   (NEW) Any program in law, legal services, and legal studies not listed above.

23.0702 American Literature (Canadian).   (NEW) A program that focuses on the literature and literary development, both formal and folkloric, of Canada from its origins to the present. Includes instruction in period and genre studies, author studies, literary criticism, and regional and oral traditions.

26.0102 Biomedical Sciences, General.   (NEW) A general, program that focuses on the integrative scientific study of biological issues related to health and medicine, or a program in one or more of the biomedical sciences that is undifferentiated as to title. Includes instruction in any of the basic medical sciences at the research level; biological science research in biomedical faculties; and general studies encompassing a variety of the biomedical disciplines.

26.0205 Molecular Biochemistry.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific relationship of physiological function to the structure and actions of macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies such as multienzyme complexes, membranes, and viruses. Includes instruction in the chemical mechanisms of regulation and catalysis, protein synthesis and other syntheses, and biomolecular chemical reactions.

26.0206 Molecular Biophysics.   (NEW) A scientific program that focuses on the dynamics and interactions of macromolecules and other three-dimensional ultrastructures, the architecture of supramolecular structures, and energy transfer in biomolecular systems. Includes instruction in energy transduction, structural dynamics, mechanisms of electron and proton transfer in biological systems, bioinformatics, automated analysis, and specialized research techniques.

26.0207 Structural Biology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of submolecular and molecular components and assemblies of living systems and how they are organized into functional units such as cells and anatomic tissues. Includes instruction in glycoprotein, carbohydrate, protein, and nucleic acid structures and chemistry; cytoskeletal structure; nuclear and intracellular structures; molecular recognition; molecular chaperones; transcription and folding; multicellular organization; microtubules and microfilaments; cell differentiation; immunophysics; and DNA sequencing.

26.0208 Photobiology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the effects of light energy on living organisms, the manufacture and processing of luminescence by organisms, and the uses of light in biological research. Includes instruction in bioluminescence, chronobiology, photomedicine, environmental photobiology, organic photochemistry, photomorphogenesis, photoreceptors and photosensitization, molecular mechanics of photosynthesis, phototechnology, vision, ultraviolet radiation, radiation physics, and spectral research methods.

26.0210 Biochemistry/Biophysics and Molecular Biology.   (NEW) An integrated, combined program that focuses on the structure, function, and dynamic behavior of the components of biological systems at the submolecular, molecular, and supramolecular levels and their influence on biological activity at the cellular, tissue, organ, and organismic levels. Includes instruction in biochemistry, biophysics, structural biology, molecular biology, and research applications and methods appropriate to specific topics.

26.0299 Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology not listed above.

26.0308 Plant Molecular Biology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics to the study of biomolecular structures, functions, and processes specific to plants and plant substances. Includes instruction in the biochemistry of plant cells, nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions, molecular cytostructures, photosynthesis, plant molecular genetics, and the molecular biology of plant diseases.

26.0404 Developmental Biology and Embryology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of embryology, development, and growth of animals and human beings. Includes instruction in fertilization, oogenesis, histogenesis, gastrulation, and cell differentiation; embryological development including organ and pattern formation, morphogenesis, gene regulation, cell lineage, and fate maps; disease and defect studies; transgenic and evolutionary models of growth and development; and applications to specific organisms and phyla.

26.0405 Neuroanatomy.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of structure and function of the brain and central nervous system. Includes instruction in the molecular biology of neural cells and circuits, cognitive biology, neural transmitters and receptors, neuronal signalling and control of physical function, membrane and synapse structure and communication, autonomic function, nervous system circuitry and mapping, anatomy of neurological disease and disorders, brain studies, protein chemistry, and computational biology.

26.0406 Cell/Cellular and Molecular Biology.   (NEW) An integrated, combined program that focuses on the scientific study of cells, cellular systems, and the molecular basis of cell structure and function. Includes instruction in cell biology, cell chemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, and structural biology.

26.0407 Cell Biology and Anatomy.   (NEW) An integrated, combined program that focuses on the scientific study of cell structure, function, and dynamics within the context of organismic, regional, and gross anatomical systems. Includes instruction in molecular biology, cell biology and histology, structural biology, anatomy, embryology, endocrinology, and applications to specific systems, diseases, defects, and processes.

26.0502 Microbiology, General.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of unicellular organisms and colonies, and subcellular genetic matter and their ecological interactions with human beings and other life. Includes instruction in microbial genetics, cell biology, cell physiology, virology, pathogenic microbiology, environmental microbiology, immunology, biostatistics, bioinformatics, and laboratory methods including microscopy.

26.0503 Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of pathogenic bacteria that are significant factors in causing or facilitating human disease. Includes instruction in the pathogenesis of bacterial diseases, bacterial genetics and physiology, bacterial anatomy and structure, antigens, bacterial reproduction, bacterial adhesion, phagocytes, and the identification of new or mutated bacteria and bacterial agents.

26.0506 Mycology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of fungi, lichenous plants, eukaryotic microorganisms, myxomycetes, and plasmodiophorales and their relationship to diseases in higher plants, animals, and human beings as well as to pharmacologically useful products. Includes instruction in cell and molecular biology; histopathology; fungal growth and behavior; environmental mycology; antifungal sensitivity; mycoses; pathogens and pathogenesis; pharmacological properties; and computer and laboratory research methods.

26.0599 Microbiological Sciences and Immunology, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in the microbiological sciences and immunology not listed above.

26.0707 Animal Physiology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of function, morphology, regulation, and intercellular communications and dynamics within vertebrate and invertebrate in animal species, with comparative applications to homo sapiens and its relatives and antecedents. Includes instruction in reproduction, growth, lactation, digestion, performance, behavioral adaptation, sensory perception, motor action, phylogenetics, biotic and abiotic function, membrane biology, and related aspects of biochemistry and biophysics.

26.0708 Animal Behavior and Ethology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the psychological and neurological bases of animal sensation, perception, cognition, behavior, and behavioral interactions within and outside the species. Includes instruction in ethology, behavioral neuroscience, neurobiology, behavioral evolution, cognition and sensory perception, motivators, learning and instinct, hormonal controls, reproductive and developmental biology, community ecology, functional behavior, and applications to specific behaviors and patterns as well as to specific phyla and species.

26.0709 Wildlife Biology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of biological principles to the study of vertebrate wildlife, wildlife habitats, and related ecosystems in remote and urban areas. Includes instruction in animal ecology; adaptational biology; urban ecosystems; natural and artificial habitat management; limnology; wildlife pathology; and vertebrate zoological specializations such as mammalogy, herpetology, ichthyology, ornithology, and others.

26.08 Genetics.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 26.0801- 26.0899.

26.0801 Genetics, General.   (NEW) A general program that focuses on the scientific study of the organization, recombination, function, regulation, and transmission of heritable information in biological organisms at all levels of complexity. Includes instruction in Mendelian genetics, mechanisms of gene regulation, chromosome structure and replication, epigenetic phenomena, DNA repair and recombination, sex determination, genetic interactions between genomes, and molecular evolution.

26.0802 Molecular Genetics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the molecular mechanisms regulating gene expression, information transfer, replication, and stability in DNA and RNA. Includes instruction in prokaryotic genetics and gene expression; development and evolution of gene sequences and anatomical forms; biochemistry of gene replication and recombination; transcription and processing; genomics; chromatin architecture; and DNA/RNA structure.

26.0803 Microbial and Eukaryotic Genetics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the genetics of viruses, infectious agents, organelles, nuclear genomes, eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotic organisms. Includes instruction in molecular genetics and evolution; parasitic and symbiotic interaction at the genetic level; epigenetic phenomena; microbial interactions; and genomics.

26.0804 Animal Genetics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the genetics of multicellular animal life forms from the experimental, comparative, and clinical (veterinary and medical) viewpoints. Includes instruction in molecular genetics, gene expression, gene regulation, genomics, epigenetic phenomena, DNA recombination and repair, genetic interactions at the microbial and higher levels, and molecular evolution.

26.0805 Plant Genetics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the genetics of multicellular plants and fungi as related to botanical research as well as to applications in comparative genetics, ecology and evolutionary studies, clinical studies, and industrial research. Includes instruction in molecular genetics, gene expression, gene regulation, genomics, epigenetic phenomena, DNA recombination and repair, genetic interactions at the microbial and higher levels, and molecular evolution.

26.0899 Genetics, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in genetics not listed above.

26.09 Physiology, Pathology and Related Sciences.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 26.0901- 26.0999.

26.0901 Physiology, General.   (NEW) A general program that focuses on the scientific study of the functional dynamics, morphology, and biochemical and biophysical communications within organisms and between living systems at all levels of complexity and integration. Includes instruction in reproduction, growth, hormonal action, vascular function, respiration, digestion, sensory perception and processing, sensorimotor integration, signal encoding and conveyance, homeostasis, physical function and malfunction, evolutionary physiology, and disease processes.

26.0902 Molecular Physiology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of dynamic interactive processes and biochemical communications at the subcellular level. Includes instruction in ion channels and transporters, molecular signalling pathways, endocrine control and regulation, genetic information transfer, homeostasis and molecular control systems, electrophysiology and sensory mechanisms, protein synthesis, and applicable research methods and technologies.

26.0903 Cell Physiology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of physiological processes operating within and among cells, and intracellular communication and behavior, in the context of larger systems and whole organisms. Includes instruction in cell and molecular biology, molecular physiology, cell cycle control, signal transduction, protein structure, membrane biochemistry and structure, ion channel physics, cell respiration and digestion, secretory functions, cell adhesion and communication, information encoding and decoding, and the relation of cell physiology to tissue, organ, and organismic functioning.

26.0904 Endocrinology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the composition, manufacture, and secretion of protein compounds by cells and glands and the role of endocrine substances in bodily processes. Includes instruction in protein chemistry, protein secretion, membrane biogenesis and transfer methods, cellular communication, gene and cell regulation, cytochemistry, fractionation, radioautography, and applications such as neuroendocrinology.

26.0905 Reproductive Biology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of reproductive processes and biogenesis in animals and human beings. Includes instruction in reproductive ecology and behavior, reproductive system physiology, endocrinology, developmental biology, neuroendocrinology, evolution and types of reproductive systems, reproductive genetics, physiopathology of reproductive processes, and applications of molecular biology and biophysics to the study of reproductive physiology.

26.0906 Neurobiology and Neurophysiology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the cellular and molecular basis of the lower and higher neural functions in animals and human beings, organ system behavior and the immune response, and the control of physiological systems. Includes instruction in computational biology, computer modeling, protein biochemistry, electrophysiology, morphological basis of behavior, neural signal transduction and reception, synaptic activity, neurotransmission, sensory perception and sensorimotor interaction, inflammation and neurodegeneration, neurological and autoimmune disease, immune response, maintenance of homeostasis, and autonomic function.

26.0907 Cardiovascular Science.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the structure and functioning of the heart, vascular system, and blood in animals and human beings and the disorders and diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. Includes instruction in cardiovascular physiology, blood physiology, vasculature, vascular metabolism, neural control of cardiovascular function, microvascular permeability and membrane transport, cardiac contraction mechanisms, homeostasis, and applications to topics such as arteriosclerosis, heart disease, diabetes, vascular remodeling, transplantation, transfusion, and pacemakers and artificial organs.

26.0908 Exercise Physiology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the physiological processes involved in physical or motor activity, including sensorimotor interactions, response mechanisms, and the effects of injury, disease, and disability. Includes instruction in muscular and skeletal anatomy; molecular and cellular basis of muscle contraction; fuel utilization; neurophysiology of motor mechanics; systemic physiological responses (respiration, blood flow, endocrine secretions, and others); fatigue and exhaustion; muscle and body training; physiology of specific exercises and activities; physiology of injury; and the effects of disabilities and disease.

26.0909 Vision Science/Physiological Optics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of vision, visual processes, and related phenomena and clinical research and treatment modalities. Includes instruction in ocular anatomy and physiology, microbiology of the eye, electrophysiology, neurophysiology, corneal physiology, photochemistry, psychophysics, visual biophysics and motor systems, sensory mechanisms and photoreception, eye circulation and metabolism, geometric and physical optics, ocular development across the life span, visual stimuli and perception, color vision, eye motility, biometrics and measurement techniques, visual pathology, and environmental issues.

26.0910 Pathology/Experimental Pathology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the expression, initiation, maintenance and progression of tissue injury and disease, including death, and the relationship of pathogenesis to fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms. Includes instruction in immunology, microbiology, gene expression, inflammation, cell injury, apoptosis, immunopathology, molecular markers of disease and toxins, neoplasia, growth regulation, and organ- and system-specific investigations.

26.0911 Oncology and Cancer Biology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of carcinogens; the onset of malignancy in cells, tissues, blood, and organs; the genetics of cancer; the anatomy and physiology of cancer cells; and the study of cancer behaviors and treatments. Includes instruction in gene expression; oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes; viral genes and cancer proliferation; regulation of signal transduction; cancer proteins; hormonal and growth factors in cancer cells; tumor promotion, progression, and metastasis; carcinogen receptors and metabolism; carcinogen ecology; immunological targeting; and studies of genetic, chemical, radiologic and other treatment therapies.

26.0999 Physiology, Pathology, and Related Sciences, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in physiology, pathology, and related sciences not listed above.

26.10 Pharmacology and Toxicology.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 26.1001- 26.1099.

26.1002 Molecular Pharmacology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of drugs at the molecular level and their interaction with, and effects on, biological macromolecules and cellular structures and processes. Includes instruction in molecular biology and biophysics; pharmacology of signal transduction, transmitters, and protein synthesis and release; receptors, protein interaction and binding; drug discovery and recognition; molecular toxicology; drug design; pharmacodynamics; developmental genetics; and studies of therapeutic strategies.

26.1003 Neuropharmacology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of drugs that modify the function of the brain and central nervous system, the effects of such drugs on health, disease, perception, motor action, and behavior; and the development of countermeasures and treatment therapies. Includes instruction in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, behavioral neuroscience, neurobiochemistry, neuropathology, the mechanisms of brain function, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, and studies of specific drugs and drug therapies.

26.1005 Molecular Toxicology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the genetic determinants of susceptibility to external pollutants and poisons; the interaction of toxic agents with biological systems at the molecular and cellular levels; and the development of countermeasures and treatments. Includes instruction in pharmacogenetics, biomolecular structure, gene expression and regulation, transgenic modeling, toxic events signalling, transcriptional activation, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, pulmonary toxicology, xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, risk assessment, molecular dosimetry, and studies of specific toxins and treatment therapies.

26.1006 Environmental Toxicology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the health effects associated with exposure to toxic chemicals and systems occurring in the natural, work, and living environments; the management of environmental toxins and toxicity; and the development of protections for humans, animals, and plants. Includes instruction in applied ecology; microbiology; toxin transport, fate, and degradation; dermal toxicology; reproductive and genetic toxicology; atmospheric and environmental chemistry; metals toxicology; environmental mutagens and biotransformation; nutrient interaction; chemical sensitivity, disorders, and disease; risk assessment; animal waste management; environmental health; and hazardous materials management.

26.1007 Pharmacology and Toxicology.   (NEW) A program with an integrated, combined approach to the study of pharmacological and toxicological issues in biology and the biomedical sciences. Includes instruction in topics such as solvents, xenobiotic metabolism, chemical toxicity, neurotoxicology, immunopharmacology, biotransformation, tissue culture and in vitro studies, biomolecular analysis, bioactivation and inactivation, enzyme regulation, chemoprevention and chemotherapy, industrial and chemical studies, radiation health, and bioinformatics.

26.1099 Pharmacology and Toxicology, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in pharmacology and toxicology not listed above.

26.11 Biomathematics and Bioinformatics.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 26.1101- 26.1199.

26.1103 Bioinformatics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of computer-based technologies and services to biological, biomedical, and biotechnology research. Includes instruction in algorithms, network architecture, principles of software design, human interface design, usability studies, search strategies, database management and data mining, digital image processing, computer graphics and animation, CAD, computer programming, and applications to experimental design and analysis and to specific quantitative, modeling, and analytical studies in the various biological specializations.

26.1199 Biomathematics and Bioinformatics, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in biomathematics and bioinformatics not listed above.

26.12 Biotechnology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in 26.1201.

26.13 Ecology, Evolution, Systematics, and Population Biology.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 26.1301 - 26.1399.

26.1304 Aquatic Biology/Limnology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the ecology and behavior of microbes, plants, and animals inhabiting inland fresh waters such as lakes, ponds, rivers, creeks, estuaries, and wetlands. Includes instruction in geology and hydrology; aquatic ecosystems; microbiology; mycology; botany; ichthyology; mammalogy; population biology and biodiversity; studies of specific species, phyla, and habitats; and applications to fields such as natural resources conservation, fisheries science, and biotechnology.

26.1305 Environmental Biology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the origins, functions, relationships, interactions, and natural history of living populations, communities, species, and ecosystems in relation to dynamic environmental processes. Includes instruction in biodiversity, molecular genetic and genomic evolution, mesoscale ecology, computational biology and modeling, conservation biology, local and global environmental change, and restoration ecology.

26.1306 Population Biology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the natural history, life cycle behavior, and ecosystem dynamics of single species and multi-species communities, and the patterns and causes of diversity within and among such populations. Includes instruction in biostatistics, population dynamics, population and quantitative genetics, RNA and DNA sequences, genomics, evolutionary ecology, natural adaptation and hybridization, geographic differentiation, life history and life cycle studies, and animal and plant demography.

26.1307 Conservation Biology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of the biological sciences to the specific problems of biodiversity, species preservation, ecological sustainability, and habitat fragmentation in the face of advancing human social, economic, and industrial pressures. Includes instruction in ecology, environmental science, biological systems, extinction theory, human-animal and human-plant interaction, ecosystem science and management, wetland conservation, field biology, forest and wildlife biology, and natural history.

26.1308 Systematic Biology/Biological Systematics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the theoretical and empirical study of the principles and processes underlying the origin and maintenance of biological taxonomic diversity; related biogeographical and evolutionary patterns; and studies of the origin, diversification, distribution, and extinction of species and lineages. Includes instruction in phylogenetic analysis, structural development and molecular evolution, classification and taxonomic theory, biological nomenclature, taxonomic assignment, evolutionary theory, biological surveys and inventories, computer modeling, and database building.

26.1399 Ecology, Evolution, Systematics and Population Biology, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in ecology, evolution, and systematics not listed above.

27.0102 Algebra and Number Theory.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the expression of quantities and their relationships by means of symbols, vectors, matrices, and equations, and the properties of integers. Includes instruction in algebraic structures, quadratic and automorphic forms, combinatorics, linear algebra, and algebraic geometry.

27.0103 Analysis and Functional Analysis.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the properties and behavior of equations, multivariate solutions, functions, and dynamic systems. Includes instruction in differential equations, variation, approximations, complex variables, integrals, harmonic analysis and wavelet theory, dynamic systems, and applications to mathematical physics.

27.0104 Geometry/Geometric Analysis.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the properties, measurements, and relationships pertaining to points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids. Includes instruction in global analysis, differential geometry, Euclidian and Non-Euclidian geometry, set theory, manifolds, integral geometry, and applications to algebra and other topics.

27.0105 Topology and Foundations.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the properties of unaltered geometric configurations under conditions of continuous, multi-directional transformations. Includes instruction in mathematical logic, proof theory, model theory, set theory, combinatorics, continua, homotopy, homology, links, and transformation actions.

27.0199 Mathematics, Other.   (NEW) Any program in mathematics not listed above.

27.0303 Computational Mathematics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of mathematics to the theory, architecture, and design of computers, computational techniques, and algorithms. Includes instruction in computer theory, cybernetics, numerical analysis, algorithm development, binary structures, combinatorics, advanced statistics, and related topics.

27.0502 Mathematical Statistics and Probability.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the mathematical theory underlying statistical methods and their use. Includes instruction in probability theory parametric and non-parametric inference, sequential analysis, multivariate analysis, Bayesian analysis, experimental design, time series analysis, resampling, robust statistics, limit theory, infinite particle systems, stochastic processes, martingales, Markov processes, and Banach spaces.

27.0599 Statistics, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in statistics not listed above.

30.1202 Cultural Resource Management and Policy Analysis.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of cultural studies, public policy analysis, and management skills to planning, promoting, and implementing programs to preserve and protect cultural heritage sites and artifacts. Includes instruction in historical preservation and conservation, business management, policy analysis, applied economics, public relations, applied history, historical archaeology, and environmental impact studies.

30.1299 Historic Preservation and Conservation, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program that focuses on architectural design and building techniques for historic and restored structures not listed above.

30.16 Accounting and Computer Science.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 30.1601.

30.1601 Accounting and Computer Science.   (NEW) A program that combines accounting with computer science and/or computer studies.

30.17 Behavioral Sciences.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 30.1701.

30.1701 Behavioral Sciences.   (NEW) A program with a combined or undifferentiated focus on the social sciences, psychology, and biomedical sciences to study complex problems of human individual and social growth and behavior.

30.18 Natural Sciences.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 30.1801.

30.1801 Natural Sciences.   (NEW) A program with a combined or undifferentiated focus on one or more of the physical and biological sciences.

30.19 Nutrition Sciences.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 30.1901.

30.20 International/Global Studies.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 30.2001.

30.2001 International/Global Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on global and international issues from the perspective of the social sciences, social services, and related fields.

30.21 Holocaust and Related Studies.   (NEW) Instructional content defined in 30.2101.

30.2101 Holocaust and Related Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on genocide in human history with particular reference to Twentieth Century genocides such as that of the Ottoman Armenians during World War I and the Nazi Holocaust during World War II. Programs also focus on topics such as survivor studies and counseling, war crimes research and prevention, reconciliation and compensation, ethical and spiritual issues, holocaust art and literature, and legacy and effect in relation to subsequent generations.

30.22 Classical and Ancient Studies.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 30.2201- 30.2202.

30.2201 Ancient Studies/Civilization.   (NEW) A program that focuses on Western and Non-Western cultures and related topics in the periods of Pre-history and Antiquity. Includes such disciplines as ancient languages, archeology, history, art history, geography, population studies, environmental studies, religious studies, and the social sciences.

30.2202 Classical, Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Studies and Archaeology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the cultures, environment, and history of the ancient Near East, Europe, and the Mediterranean basin from the perspective of the humanities and social sciences, including archaeology.

30.23 Intercultural/Multicultural and Diversity Studies.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 30.2301.

30.2301 Intercultural/Multicultural and Diversity Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the dynamic social relations between and among majority and minority groups and different minority groups, and ways to promote mutual tolerance, inter-group cooperation, and the leadership and management of diverse groups and diversity issues in family, educational, recreational, and work settings. Includes instruction in ethnic and cultural studies, group psychology, sociology, anthropology, conflict resolution, human services and resources, and applications to various functional environments.

30.24 Neuroscience.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 30.2401.

30.25 Cognitive Science.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 30.2501.

30.2501 Cognitive Science.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the study of the mind and the nature of intelligence from the interdisciplinary perspectives of computer science, philosophy, mathematics, psychology, neuroscience, and other disciplines. Includes instruction in mathematics and logic, cognitive process modeling, dynamic systems, learning theories, brain and cognition, neural networking, programming, and applications to topics such as language acquisition, computer systems, and perception and behavior.

38.0102 Logic.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the systematic study of valid inference, argument, and sound reasoning. Includes instruction in Classical logic, properties of argument, validity, proof, fallacies, formal and material logic, symbolic and mathematical logic, analysis, specific schools of logic, and applications to problems in other academic disciplines and professional fields.

38.0103 Ethics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the systematic study of the theory of moral good and its application to various theoretical and practical problems. Includes instruction in ethical theory, history of ethics, belief and value systems, ethical constructs, and applications to specific topics, issues and problems.

38.0199 Philosophy, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in Philosophy not listed above.

38.0202 Buddhist Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the philosophy preached by Siddartha Gautama, the Buddha, in ancient India and subsequently interpreted by his disciples and apostles; together with the intellectual, cultural, social, and ritual developments of the faith and its branches. Includes instruction in Buddhist sacred literature (Tipitaka, etc.) and study of one or more of the main branches including Early Buddhism, Hinayana, Theravada, Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Pure Land, Shingon, Tendai, Nichiren Shu, Zen, Tibetan, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and others.

38.0203 Christian Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the philosophy and teachings of Jesus Christ and his apostles, and the subsequent intellectual and cultural movements and institutions based on Christianity. Includes instruction in Christian sacred scripture, Christian literature and philosophy, and studies of one or more of the main branches of the faith and their cultural context including Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Evangelicalism, and others.

38.0204 Hindu Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the group of South Asian theologies and philosophies collectively known as Hinduism; together with the religious history and cultural and social manifestations of the faith. Includes instruction in Hindu theology and philosophy (dharma); literature (Vedas, Upanishads, Epics, and commentaries); the Hindu Pantheon, sects, and movements; schools and disciplines; and related arts and sciences.

38.0299 Religion/Religious Studies, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in religion/religious studies not listed above.

39.0605 Rabbinical Studies (M.   H.L./Rav). (NEW) A program that prepares individuals for ordination as Rabbis. Includes instruction in Talmud, Halacha, Liturgy and Rituals, Rabbinical Thought, Jewish Ethics, Jewish Education, Pastoral Counseling and Homiletics.

39.0606 Talmudic Studies.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals for advanced Talmudic scholarship and research and for entry into a program leading to ordination as Rabbis; students are also qualified to enter conventional graduate and professional schools. Includes instruction in Jewish Law and Jurisprudence, Philosophy, and Ethics, in addition to a major emphasis on Talmud.

39.0702 Youth Ministry.   (NEW) A program that prepares the ordained clergy and other religious professionals to provide spiritual, counseling, and leadership services to children, adolescents, and young adults. Includes instruction in child and adolescent psychology, human growth and development, family studies, communication skills, religious education, youth counseling, small group leadership, planning and organizing youth activities, volunteer supervision, and youth evangelism and worship.

39.0799 Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in pastoral counseling and specialized ministries not listed above.

40.0203 Planetary Astronomy and Science.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of planets, small objects, and related gravitational systems. Includes instruction in the structure and composition of planetary surfaces and interiors, planetary atmospheres, satellites, orbital mechanics, asteroids and comets, solar system evolution and dynamics, planetary evolution, gravitational physics, and radiation physics.

40.0299 Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in astronomy and astrophysics not listed above.

40.0402 Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of atmospheric constituents, reactions, measurement techniques, and processes in predictive, current, and historical contexts. Includes instruction in climate modeling, gases and aerosols, trace gases, aqueous phase chemistry, sinks, transport mechanisms, computer measurement, climate variability, paleoclimatology, climate diagnosis, numerical modeling and data analysis, ionization, recombination, photoemission, and plasma chemistry.

40.0403 Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the processes governing the interactions, movement, and behavioral of atmospheric phenomena and related terrestrial and solar phenomena. Includes instruction in cloud and precipitation physics, solar radiation transfer, active and passive remote sensing, atmospheric electricity and acoustics, atmospheric wave phenomena, turbulence and boundary layers, solar wind, geomagnetic storms, coupling, natural plasma, and energization.

40.0404 Meteorology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the prediction of atmospheric motion and climate change. Includes instruction in general circulation patterns, weather phenomena, atmospheric predictability, parameterization, numerical and statistical analysis, large- and mesoscale phenomena, kinematic structures, precipitation processes, and forecasting techniques.

40.0499 Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in atmospheric sciences and meteorology not listed above.

40.0508 Chemical Physics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of structural phenomena combining the disciplines of physical chemistry and atomic/molecular physics. Includes instruction in heterogeneous structures, alignment and surface phenomena, quantum theory, mathematical physics, statistical and classical mechanics, chemical kinetics, liquid crystals and membranes, molecular synthesis and design, and laser physics.

40.0605 Hydrology and Water Resources Science.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific of study of the occurrence, circulation, distribution, chemical and physical properties, and environmental interaction of surface and subsurface waters, including groundwater. Includes instruction in geophysics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, chemical physics, geomorphology, mathematical modeling, hydrologic analysis, continental water processes, global water balance, and environmental science.

40.0606 Geochemistry and Petrology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the igneous, metamorphic, and hydrothermal processes within the earth and the mineral, fluid, rock, and ore deposits resulting from them. Includes instruction in mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, volcanology, economic geology, meteoritics, geochemical reactions, deposition, compound transformation, core studies, theoretical geochemistry, computer applications, and laboratory studies.

42.05 Comparative Psychology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 42.0501.

42.0501 Comparative Psychology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the behavior of members of particular species or groups and the relationship of the behaviors of the species or group to their evolutionary origins. Includes instruction in differential psychology, experimental and physiological psychology, psychopharmacology, psychology of individual differences, reinforcement theory, and neurophysiology.

42.10 Personality Psychology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 42.1001.

42.1001 Personality Psychology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the unique organization of fairly permanent characteristics that set the individual apart from other individuals and, at the same time, determine how others respond to that individual. Includes instruction in Freudian, Skinnerian, Rogerian, and Ellisonian psychology; neo-Freudian psychology; psychological systems, neurophysiology, and psychopharmacology.

42.19 Psychometrics and Quantitative Psychology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 42.1901.

42.1901 Psychometrics and Quantitative Psychology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the mathematical and statistical procedures used in psychological test construction and validation; the general problems of the measurement of behavior; and the application of quantitative methods to research design and other methodological topics.

42.20 Clinical Child Psychology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 42.2001.

42.2001 Clinical Child Psychology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the developmental processes of children and associated disorders and that prepares individuals for the independent professional practice of clinical child psychology. Includes instruction in developmental neuropsychology, child psychopathology, testing of children and adolescents, pediatric psychology, psychosocial variables in child development, clinical skills, family therapy, behavioral assessment and intervention, clinical skills, consultation, professional standards and ethics, and applications to topics such as infancy, childhood, and adolescence.

42.21 Environmental Psychology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 42.2101.

42.2101 Environmental Psychology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the study of behavioral interactions between human beings and the environment in individual and group contexts, and ways to improve them. Includes instruction in contextual theory; statistics; physiological, social, and psychological responses to natural and technological hazards and disease; environmental perception and cognition; loneliness and stress; and psychological aspects of environmental design and planning.

42.22 Geropsychology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 42.2201.

42.2201 Geropsychology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the psychology of aging and of elderly individuals and populations, with reference to growth and decline across the life span. Includes instruction in gerontology, developmental and adult psychology, age-related development and decline of cognitive processes, age-related psychological and neurological disorders, social and personality development in aging populations and individuals, and applications to the clinical treatment and care of older adults.

42.23 Health Psychology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 42.2301.

42.2301 Health/Medical Psychology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the psychological study of health and illness, and recovery, from the perspective that these phenomena arise from a combination of physical, behavioral, and social conditions. Includes instruction in abnormal and social psychology, psychophysiology, psychopharmacology, learning processes, clinical and behavioral therapies, biopsychosocial modeling, clinical procedures and assessment, preventive education, psychotherapy, rehabilitation processes, and research methods.

42.24 Psychopharmacology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 42.2401.

42.2401 Psychopharmacology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the study of the behavioral effects of medications, drugs, nutrients, and chemicals (including natural and artificial toxins) in laboratory and clinical settings. Includes instruction in pharmacology, behavioral toxicology and pharmacology, neuroscience, physiology, clinical psychopharmacology, substance abuse treatments and antidotes, neurochemical mechanisms, epidemiology of chemicals and substances, biochemical interactions, and psychoactive drugs.

42.25 Family Psychology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 42.2501.

42.2501 Family Psychology.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide therapeutic, evaluative, and research services to families and individuals in the family unit context. Includes instruction in natural and family systems theory, family and group rituals, family evaluation and assessment, marital and couples therapy, sex therapy, parenting, interviewing techniques, genogram construction, family sculpting, diversity issues, family violence, family law, and professional standards and ethics.

42.26 Forensic Psychology.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 42.2601.

42.2601 Forensic Psychology.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply clinical, counseling, school, and neuropsychology skills to the provision of psychological services within the criminal justice and civil legal systems, including consultation, assessment, and interventions. Includes instruction in the epidemiology of mental/behavioral disorders, risk factors for violence and criminality, profiling and patterning, psychological testing, prediction and intervention measurement, forensic assessment, criminal and civil law and procedures, secure environments, forensic treatment and intervention skills, and professional standards and ethics.

43.0110 Juvenile Corrections.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to specialize in the provision of correction services to underage minor populations. Includes instruction in corrections, juvenile delinquency, juvenile development and psychology, juvenile law, and justice administration, social services, record-keeping procedures, and communication skills.

43.0111 Criminalistics and Criminal Science.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of clinical and criminal laboratory science, investigative techniques, and criminology to the reconstruction of crimes and the analysis of physical evidence. Includes instruction in laboratory science, laboratory procedures, criminology and police science, evidentiary testing and analysis, computer applications, record-keeping, reconstruction techniques, evidence handling and storage, and applications to specific types of evidence and crimes.

43.0112 Securities Services Administration/Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to plan, manage, and supervise services providing private security protection for people and property and related investigative and consulting functions. Includes instruction in security and loss prevention services, private security and investigation techniques, security technologies, personnel management, business operations, marketing, applicable law and regulations, and client relations.

43.0113 Corrections Administration.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to plan and manage institutional facilities and programs for housing and rehabilitating prisoners in the public and/or private sectors. Includes instruction in the principles and practice of correction, facilities planning and management, safety and security, social and health services, staff and inmate management, budgeting, communication skills, correctional psychology, and applications to specific types of correctional facilities approaches.

44.00 Human Services, General.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 44.0000.

44.0000 Human Services, General.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the general study and provision of human and social services to individuals and communities and prepares individuals to work in public and private human services agencies and organizations. Includes instruction in the social sciences, psychology, principles of social service, human services policy, planning and evaluation, social services law and administration, and applications to particular issues, services, localities, and populations.

44.0702 Youth Services/Administration.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to plan, manage, and implement social services for children, youth, and families. Includes instruction in child development and psychology, adolescence, family studies, social work, social services administration, juvenile and family law, program and facilities planning, youth leadership, counseling, probation, casework, applicable procedures, and regulations, and professional standards and ethics.

44.0799 Social Work, Other.   (NEW) Any program providing instruction in social work and related services not listed above.

45.0202 Physical Anthropology.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of the biological sciences and anthropology to the study of the adaptations, variability, and the evolution of human beings and their living and fossil relatives. Includes instructions in anthropology, human and mammalian anatomy, cell biology, paleontology, human culture and behavior, neuroscience, forensic anthropology, anatomical reconstruction, comparative anatomy, and laboratory science and methods.

45.0299 Anthropology, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in Anthropology not listed above.

45.0799 Geography, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in geography not listed above.

45.1003 Canadian Government and Politics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the systematic study of Canadian political institutions and behavior. Includes instruction in British and North American political theory, political parties and interest groups, provincial and local governments, Constitutional law, federalism and national institutions, executive and legislative politics, judicial politics, popular attitudes and media influences, political research methods, and applications to the study of specific issues and institutions.

46.00 Construction Trades, General.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 46.0000.

46.0000 Construction Trades, General.   (NEW) A program that generally prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills in the building, inspecting, and maintaining of structures and related properties. May include instruction in masonry, carpentry, electrical and power transmission installation, building/construction finishing, management, inspection and other construction-related applications.

46.0402 Concrete Finishing/Concrete Finisher.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to prepare, construct, and finish buildings, components, and related structures using compound masonry mixtures of stone, gravel, sand, cement, and water. Includes instruction in site preparation, applied mathematics, mixing formulas and applications, job estimation, concrete design, finishing techniques, mold preparation, reinforcement installation, site safety, and equipment operation and maintenance.

46.0404 Drywall Installation/Drywaller.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to install, tape, and plaster drywall installations in interior and exterior construction jobs. Includes instruction in drywall handling and transport, cutting and mounting, taping and spackling, finishing, job analysis and estimation, site safety, tool operation and maintenance, blueprint and specification interpretation, and applicable codes and standards.

46.0406 Glazier.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to install and repair fixtures, sheets, windows, and skylights made of glass, plexiglass, and other transparent materials. Includes instruction in site measurement, job analysis and estimation, material cutting and trimming, window and door installation, site safety, equipment operation and maintenance, specification interpretation, and applicable codes and standards.

46.0410 Roofer.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to prepare, install, and maintain exterior roofing materials and roofs. Includes instruction in building materials, flashing, lag bolts, site safety, equipment operation and maintenance, layering, site preparation, basic internal structural design, finishing, waterproofing, and applicable codes and standards.

46.0411 Metal Building Assembly/Assembler.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to construct industrial, storage, and commercial metal structures using prefabricated framing and siding components. Includes instruction in sheet metal working, ironworking, assembly and fastening techniques, blueprint reading, site preparation, structural design principles, safety, and applicable codes and regulations.

46.0412 Building/Construction Site Management/Manager.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to supervise, manage, and inspect construction sites, buildings, and associated facilities. Includes instruction in site safety, personnel supervision, labor relations, diversity training, construction documentation, scheduling, resource and cost control, bid strategies, rework prevention, construction insurance and bonding, accident management and investigation, applicable law and regulations, and communication skills.

46.0502 Pipefitting/Pipefitter and Sprinkler Fitter.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to design, install, and test industrial and commercial piping systems and automatic fire and exposure protection systems. Includes instruction in water systems, steam systems, heating and cooling systems, lubricating systems, piping materials, installation tools operation and maintenance, valve installation and repair, technical mathematics, blueprint interpretation, and applicable codes and standards.

46.0503 Plumbing Technology/Plumber.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to practice as licensed plumbers by applying technical knowledge and skills to lay out, assemble, install, and maintain piping fixtures and systems for steam, natural gas, oil, hot water, heating, cooling, drainage, lubricating, sprinkling, and industrial processing systems in home and business environments. Includes instruction in source determination, water distribution, waster removal, pressure adjustment, basic physics, technical mathematics, blueprint reading, pipe installation, pumps, welding and soldering, plumbing inspection, and applicable codes and standards.

46.0504 Well Drilling/Driller.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to set up, maintain, repair, and operate well drilling equipment; locate, drill, construct, and develop water, gas, and oil wells; and test and monitor wells to ensure adequate flow. Includes applications to home, business, and industrial uses.

46.0505 Blasting/Blaster.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills in using a variety of explosive materials to aid in the construction process. Includes instruction in safety procedures for storing, handling, placement, charge power determination, drilling, pounding building demolition preparing rocky surfaces for build foundations and demolition of explosives.

46.0599 Plumbing and Related Water Supply Services, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in plumbing and related water supply services not listed above.

47.00 Mechanics and Repairers, General.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 47.0000.

47.0000 Mechanics and Repairers, General.   (NEW) A program that generally prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills in the adjustment, maintenance, part replacement, and repair of tools, equipment, and machines.

47.0110 Security System Installation, Repair, and Inspection Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to install and repair household, business, and industrial security alarms, sensors, video and sound recording devices, identification systems, protective barriers, and related technologies.

47.0409 Parts and Warehousing Operations and Maintenance Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to maintain inventory control, care for inventory, and make minor repairs to warehouse equipment.

47.0612 Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Maintenance Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to test, repair, service, and maintain vehicle emission systems in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

47.0613 Medium/Heavy Vehicle and Truck Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to the specialized maintenance and repair of trucks, buses, and other commercial and industrial vehicles. Includes instruction in diesel engine mechanics, suspension and steering, brake systems, electrical and electronic systems, preventive maintenance inspections, drive trains, gasoline engine mechanics, HVAC systems, and auxiliary equipment installation and repair.

47.0614 Alternative Fuel Vehicle Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to the maintenance of alternative fuel vehicles and the conversion of standard vehicles to AFV status. Includes instruction in electrical vehicles, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles, compressed natural gas, (CNG) vehicles, hybrid fuel technology, electrical and electronic systems, engine performance, diagnosis and repair, and conversion/installation.

47.0615 Engine Machinist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to the building and reconstruction of automotive and commercial vehicle engines. Includes instruction in cylinder head and block, crack repair, crankshaft inspection and repair, connecting rods and pistons, balancing, block preparation, disassembly and repair, engine assembly, gas and diesel technology, and inspection and machining.

48.00 Precision Production Trades, General.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 48.0000.

48.0000 Precision Production Trades, General.   (NEW) A program that generally prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills in creating products using precision crafting and technical illustration.

48.0509 Ironworking/Ironworker.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to make and install structural, ornamental, and reinforcing metal structures and supports. Includes instruction in drafting, technical mathematics, blueprint interpretation, welding, riveting, beam placement, ornamental design, structural reinforcement, crane operation, safety, and applicable codes and standards.

48.08 Boilermaking/Boilermaker.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 48.0801.

48.0801 Boilermaking/Boilermaker.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to fabricate and repair steam boiler components. Includes instruction in principles of steam power, material selection, welding, riveting, sealing materials, pressure testing, pipefitting, and applicable codes and standards.

49.0108 Flight Instructor.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply technical knowledge and skills to the training pilot or navigators to fly and/or navigate commercial passenger and cargo, agricultural, public service, corporate and rescue aircraft, fixed or rotary wing. Includes instruction in principles of aircraft design and performance; aircraft flight systems and controls; flight crew operations and procedures; radio communications and navigation procedures and systems; airways safety and traffic regulations; and governmental rules and regulations pertaining to piloting aircraft. Programs may qualify individuals to administer the FAA commercial air crew examinations.

49.0206 Mobil Crane Operation/Operator.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to hoist and swing loads via complex rotating machinery that is driver operated. Includes instruction in crane operational characteristics, load and capacity chart usage, emergency control skills, safety, specific types of mobile cranes and loading devices, applicable codes and standards, and applications to particular types of jobs and loads.

50.0302 Ballet.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to express ideals and feelings through interpretation of classical dance choreography. Includes instruction in ballet exercise, solo and ensemble dance, history of ballet, ballet choreography, Laban notation, ballet technique, and interpretations of specific styles and schools.

50.0399 Dance, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in dance not listed above.

50.0409 Graphic Design.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply artistic and computer techniques to the interpretation of technical and commercial concepts. Includes instruction in computer-assisted art and design, printmaking, concepts sketching, technical drawing, color theory, imaging, studio technique, still and life modeling, communication skills and commercial art business operations.

50.0410 Illustration.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to use artistic techniques to develop and execute interpretations of the concepts of authors and designers to specifications. Includes instruction in book illustration, fashion illustration, map illustration, rendering, exhibit preparation, textual layout, cartooning, and the use of various artistic techniques as requested by clients.

50.0506 Acting.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to communicate dramatic information, ideas, moods, and feelings through the achievement of naturalistic and believable behavior in imaginary circumstances. Includes instruction in voice and acting speech, stage dialects, movement, improvisation, acting styles, theatre history, script interpretation, and actor coaching.

50.0507 Directing and Theatrical Production.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to manage the planning, design, preparation, and production of plays and other theatrical entertainment programs. Includes instruction in theatrical design, program management, dramatic production, rehearsal management, personnel management and casting, actor coaching, directing concepts and techniques, theater history, scene work, script interpretation, business management, marketing, public relations, and communications skills.

50.0508 Theatre/Theatre Arts Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply business management principles to the management of theatres and production corporations. Includes instruction in theatrical production, theatre design and planning, fund-raising and promotion, investment strategies, human resources management, theatre operations management, marketing, public relations, financial management and insurance, and applicable laws and regulations.

50.0910 Jazz/Jazz Studies.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to study and master the performance and composition of jazz. Includes instruction in the history of Jazz and related musical styles such as the Blues, Jazz composition and theory, improvisation, Jazz instrument and ensemble performance, and related topics.

50.0911 Violin, Viola, Guitar and Other Stringed Instruments.   (NEW) A program that prepares individual to master a stringed instrument and performing arts as solo, ensemble and/or accompanist performers. Includes instruction in playing and personal style development.

50.0912 Music Pedagogy.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide musical instruction and tutoring to clients in private and institutional settings. Includes instruction in music theory, music composition, mastery of one or more instruments, familiarity with various musical genres and styles, principles of music education, and client communications.

51.00 Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 51.0000.

51.0000 Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General.   (NEW) A general, introductory, undifferentiated, or joint program in health services occupations that prepares individuals for either entry into specialized training programs or for a variety of concentrations in the allied health area. Includes instruction in the basic sciences, research and clinical procedures, and aspects of the subject matter related to various health occupations.

51.0502 Advanced General Dentistry (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the advanced study of dental clinical techniques and dental practice issues. Includes instruction in subjects such as the history of dentistry; advanced dental practice management; dental ethics and jurisprudence; social and behavioral science studies of dentistry; advanced restorative dentistry; oral medicine; oral radiology; advanced clinical procedures and technology; and others.

51.0503 Oral Biology and Oral Pathology (MS, PhD).   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the growth, development, diseases, healing properties, and neurological components of the oral cavity, related tissues and organs, and associated craniofacial areas. Includes instruction in oral microbiology microanatomy, craniofacial pain, humoral aspects of disease, etiology and histology of caries, plaque ecology, wound healing, oral disease epidemiology, oral manifestations of systemic disease, lesions, normal and pathologic physiology, and related molecular and physical studies.

51.0504 Dental Public Health and Education (Cert.   , MS/MPH, PhD/DPH). (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of dental disease prevention and control, community dental health promotion, and prepares dentists and public health professionals to function as dental health specialists. Includes instruction in preventive dentistry; the relationship of oral disease to health and quality of life; patient and practitioner behavior; dental epidemiology; nutrition and dental health; dental care policy and delivery; oral health program planning and administration; biostatistics; and research methods.

51.0505 Dental Materials (MS, PhD).   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the biomaterials and inert and active compounds used in dental procedures; the development of dental materials; and their effects on the living tissues of the oral cavity and systemic bodily health. Includes instruction in materials science, dental bioengineering, biocompatibility of materials; physics and mechanics of dental materials; elastic and plastic deformation; surface bonding; and applications to fixed and removable prostheses and restorative procedures.

51.0506 Endodontics/Endodontology (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the advanced study of the morphology, physiology, and pathology of human dental pulp and periradicular tissues, and prepares dentists to diagnose and treat internal diseases and injuries of teeth. Includes instruction in theory and practice of endodontics; pulpal disease; relationship of endodontic conditions to other dental/oral health issues; endodontic operative technique; and patient care and management.

51.0507 Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the advanced study of the diagnosis and intrusive and adjunctive treatment of diseases, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial regions, including functional and aesthetic aspects. Includes instruction in pharmacology, analgesia, anesthesia, anxiety control, surgical procedures and techniques, surgical instrumentation, exodontia, oral diseases and malfunctions, soft and hard tissue pathology, dentoalveolar surgery, infection management, and prosthetic implantation.

51.0508 Orthodontics/Orthodontology (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the advanced study of the guidance of growing dental structures and the correction of misalignments, disproportionate growth, and traumas caused by genetics, disease, injuries, and dysfunctional behaviors. Includes instruction in malocclusion, design and fabrication of orthodontic appliances, craniofacial alignment, physiological function and analysis, cephalometrics, model analysis, space analysis, surgical orthodontics, cleft lip and palate, and treatment planning and management.

51.0509 Pediatric Dentistry/Pedodontics (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the advanced study of the therapeutic and preventive care of the oral health of children from birth through adolescence, and the care of adults with physical, mental, and emotional disabilities. Includes instruction in developmental oral biology, preventive medicine, diet therapy and counseling, patient management, pediatric restorative procedures, pulp therapy, trauma management, anesthesia, treatment planning, patient management, and the treatment of handicapped patients.

51.0510 Periodontics/Periodontology (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the advanced study of the etiology and treatment of diseases of the gingivae (gum tissue) and supporting bone, nerve, andvascular structures. Includes instruction in periodontium pathology, diagnostic procedures and equipment, occulsion, nutritional aspects of periodontology, surgical treatments, and patient care and management.

51.0511 Prosthodontics/Prosthodontology (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW)A program that focuses on the advanced study of the restoration and maintenance of teeth, oral function, and aesthetic form through the use of single or compound materials, structures, and artificial devices. Includes instruction in implant dentistry, surgical procedures, denture design and fabrication, fixed and removable prosthodontics, restorative techniques, occlusion therapy and devices, geriatric dentistry, cosmetic dentistry, and tempromandibular joint dysfunction.

51.0599 Advanced/Graduate Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in advanced/graduate dentistry and oral sciences not listed above.

51.0709 Medical Office Computer Specialist/Assistant.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply computer programming, troubleshooting, and information technology skills to the installation, maintenance, and upgrade of standard, customized, or proprietary medical software and associated hardware. Includes instruction in computer programming, systems analysis, networking, telecommunications, medical records and informatics software applications, information technology, systems administration, computer security, and applicable regulations and certifications or licenses.

51.0710 Medical Office Assistant/Specialist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of office managers and other professionals, to perform routine administrative duties in a medical, clinical, or health care facility/system office environment. Includes instruction in general office skills, data processing, office equipment operation, principles of medical record-keeping and business regulations, medical/clinical office procedures, and communications skills.

51.0711 Medical/Health Management and Clinical Assistant/Specialist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of physicians, nurses, or other health care professionals, to perform medical office or facilities management services and perform one or more clinical allied health specialties. Includes instruction in health care management; medical office administration; medical law and regulations; training in one or more diagnostic, treatment, therapy, or laboratory specialties at the assistant level or above; and applicable professional standards and ethics.

51.0712 Medical Reception/Receptionist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of office managers, nurses, or physicians, to provide customer service, visitor reception, and patient intake and discharge services. Includes instruction in medical office and health care facility procedures, medical terminology, interpersonal skills, record-keeping, customer service, telephone skills, data entry, interpersonal communications skills, and applicable policies and regulations.

51.0713 Medical Insurance Coding Specialist/Coder.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform specialized data entry, classification, and record-keeping procedures related to medical diagnostic, treatment, billing, and insurance documentation. Includes instruction in medical records and insurance software applications, basic anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, fundamentals of medical science and treatment procedures, data classification and coding, data entry skills, and regulations relating to Medicare and insurance documentation.

51.0714 Medical Insurance Specialist/Medical Biller.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform and manage the medical and health insurance operations in a medical office, health care facility, health maintenance organization, or insurance provider. Includes instruction in health and medical insurance processes; health insurance law, policy, and regulations; insurance records and paperwork administration; insurance office administration; health/medical insurance software applications; personnel supervision; business mathematics; billing and collection procedures; medical terminology; and communications skills.

51.0715 Health/Medical Claims Examiner.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform specialized investigatory, analytical, evaluative, and consultative functions related to health/medical insurance operations and their regulation. Includes instruction in health and medical insurance processes and procedures; health insurance law and regulations; health care industry law; record-keeping; analytic and investigatory techniques; evaluation methods; field operations methods; office procedures; related software applications; oral and written communications skills; interviewing techniques; and professional standards and ethics.

51.0717 Medical Staff Services Technology/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform credentialing, privileging, personnel management, and accreditation compliance services for hospitals and other health care facilities and organizations. Includes instruction in medical staff organization and management, medical terminology, credentialing and re-credentialing, health care accreditation and regulatory standards, health care law, meeting and negotiation management, and office information systems management.

51.0809 Anesthesiologist Assistant.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to assist anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists in developing and implementing patient anesthesia care plans, including preoperative, surgical theater, recovery room, and postoperative/intensive care procedures. Includes instruction in patient data collection, catheter insertion, airway management and drug administration, assisting the administration and monitoring of regional and peripheral nerve blockades, support therapy, adjusting anesthetic levels during surgery, interoperative monitoring, postoperative procedures, pain clinics and patient education, and administrative tasks.

51.0810 Emergency Care Attendant (EMT Ambulance).   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to assist licensed EMTs, under the supervision of a physician, to prepare and transport ill or injured patients, and to operate emergency vehicles and equipment such as life support units. Includes instruction in first aid and emergency medicine field techniques; patient stabilization and care; medical field communications; equipment operation and maintenance; emergency vehicle operation; and applicable standards and regulations.

51.0811 Pathology/Pathologist Assistant.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of pathologists, to assist in the performance of autopsies, obtaining and preparing surgical specimens, preparing autopsy reports, and interacting with other clinicians, officials, and individuals. Includes instruction in anatomy; physiology; medical terminology; general, systemic, forensic, and pediatric pathology; autopsy procedures; surgical technique; medical photography; tissue preparation; record keeping and laboratory administration; interpersonal skills; and applicable standards and regulations.

51.0812 Respiratory Therapy Technician/Assistant.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to administer general respiratory care procedures under the supervision of respiratory therapists in a variety of clinical settings. Includes instruction in patient data collection and monitoring, airway management, installation of nebulizers and other respiratory assistance devices, application and monitoring of breathing gases, equipment operation and maintenance, safety and sanitation procedures, and applicable regulations.

51.0813 Chiropractic Assistant/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of a chiropractor, to provide patient management, examination, and treatment services. Includes instruction in the principles and procedures of chiropractic; radiographic X-Ray procedures and techniques; X-Ray film analysis and media studies; orthopedic and neurological testing; clinical laboratory procedures; patient management and education; office administrative skills; and applicable law and regulations.

51.0911 Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of physicians, to provide medical imaging services to patients and attending health care professionals. Includes instruction in applied anatomy and physiology, patient positioning, radiographic technique, radiation biology, safety and emergency procedures, equipment operation and maintenance, quality assurance, patient education, and medical imaging/radiologic services management.

51.0914 Gene/Genetic Therapy.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of genetics to the therapeutic treatment of diseases and inherited abnormalities through the targeted modification of gene expression, and prepares individuals to administer genetic therapies. Includes instruction in medical genetics, genome analysis, pharmacology of gene transfer, viral vectors, nonviral therapeutic techniques, genetic screening, targeted gene delivery, vector production, safety and quality assurance, clinical trials management, and bioethics.

51.0915 Cardiopulmonary Technology/Technologist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of physicians and nurses, to perform both cardiovascular and pulmonary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Includes instruction in cardiopulmonary pharmacology; anatomy and physiology of the heart, peripheral vascular system, and lungs; pulmonary and cardiovascular disease and dysfunction; peripheral vascular Doppler procedures; invasive and non-invasive cardiology; pulmonary function tests; blood gas analysis; echocardiograph procedures; bronchoscopy; patient management; patient history taking and record-keeping; applications to clinical research; and emergency procedures.

51.0916 Radiation Protection/Health Physics Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of health physicists, occupational safety and health specialists, and public health officials, to monitor and control radiation exposure and implement preventive measures in health care, work, and natural environments. Includes instruction in radiation physics, environmental radioactivity, radiological instrumentation, electronics of radiation detection equipment, radioactive waste management and control, safety and handling procedures, decontamination procedures, radioactivity testing and analysis, and communications skills.

51.1007 Histologic Technology/Histotechnologist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, at the request of physicians, researchers, and laboratory scientists, to identify tissue structures and cell components and relate these findings to physiological functions and to the detection and diagnosis of diseases and other abnormalities. Includes instruction in medical chemistry; histochemistry; biochemistry; anatomy; physiology; medical informatics; applied mathematics; electron microscopy; instrumentation; quality control procedures; data recording and analysis; laboratory administration; medical terminology; and professional standards and ethics.

51.1008 Histologic Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of histotechnologists and other clinical laboratory scientists, to prepare and process tissue samples and perform routine histologic procedures and tests. Includes instruction in fixation, dehydration, embedding, sectioning, decalcification, microincineration, mounting, routine and special steaming, laboratory mathematics, laboratory procedures and safety, instrumentation and microscopy, computer applications, preparation of museum specimens, and recording and administrative procedures.

51.1009 Phlebotomy/Phlebotomist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of physicians and other health care professionals, to draw blood samples from patients using a variety of intrusive procedures. Includes instruction in basic vascular anatomy and physiology, blood physiology, skin puncture techniques, venipuncture, venous specimen collection and handling, safety and sanitation procedures, and applicable standards and regulations.

51.1010 Cytogenetics/Genetics/Clinical Genetics Technology/Technologist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform analyses of the human genome and chromosomes for the research and diagnosis of genetic diseases and defects, in preparation for organ transplants, and in support of treatments for cancers and leukemias. Includes instruction in chromosome analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), molecular genetic techniques, cytotechnology, and photomicrography.

51.1011 Renal/Dialysis Technologist/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to administer hemodialysis treatments to patients with renal failure under the supervision of a nurse or physician. Includes instruction in basic anatomy and physiology, dialysis prescription interpretation, dialysite preparation, extracorporeal circuit and dialyzer set-up and maintenance, equipment monitoring, patient preparation, taking vital signs, documentation and communication, venipuncture and local anesthesia administration, emergency intervention, safety and sanitation, and professional standards and ethics.

51.1105 Pre-Nursing Studies.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals for admission to a professional program in Nursing.

51.1506 Clinical Pastoral Counseling/Patient Counseling.   (NEW) A program that prepares ordained clergy and other counseling professionals to respond to the emotional and spiritual needs of patients and families in health care emergencies and other situations, and to consult with and counsel other health care professionals. Includes instruction in advanced interpersonal communication; individual and small group counseling; interdisciplinary teamwork; crisis management; extended care relationships; self-analysis; medical ethics; pastoral care art; spiritual dimensions of human growth and health; counseling psychology and therapy; and applications to grief, death, emotional collapse, injury, individual/family adjustment, and chronic illness situations.

51.1508 Mental Health Counseling/Counselor.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide evaluations, referrals, and short-term counseling services to help people prevent or remediate personal problems, conflicts, and emotional crises. Includes instruction in human development, psychopathology, individual and group counseling, personality theory, career assessment, patient screening and referral, observation and testing techniques, interviewing skills, professional standards and ethics, and applicable laws and regulations.

51.1509 Genetic Counseling/Counselor.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to counsel patients and families concerning inherited genetic disorders and diseases, children with birth defects; assess risk factors and planning options associated with potential and actual inherited conditions; and serve as patient advocates and provide referral services in relation to private and public support services. Includes instruction in clinical/medical genetics, methods of genetic testing, interviewing and counseling skills, genetic and support services delivery, principles of public health, medical ethics, law and regulations, patient advocacy, and professional standards.

51.1616 Clinical Nurse Specialist.   (NEW) A program that prepares registered nurses to deliver direct patient and client care in clinical settings. Includes instruction in clinical pharmacotherapeutics, advanced clinical practice, holistic nursing, nursing practice and health care policy, administration and consultation services, health assessment, patient stabilization and care, and patient education.

51.1617 Critical Care Nursing.   (NEW) A program that prepares registered nurses to provide specialized care to patients with life-threatening problems, including those in intensive care facilities and on life support. Includes instruction in adult, neonatal, and pediatric critical care; technical skills; patient monitoring and assessment; normal and abnormal readings; and troubleshooting.

51.1618 Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing.   (NEW) A program that prepares registered nurses to deliver nursing health care services to workers and worker populations in clinical settings and at job sites. Includes instruction in public and community health; occupational safety and health; occupational health surveillance; case management; fitness for duty testing; medication; allergies and immunization; emergency and ambulatory care; and applicable laws and regulations.

51.2005 Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (MS, PhD).   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of biologically active compounds found in naturally occurring sources such as plants, animals, and microbes and their use and/or modification as medicinal substances. Includes instruction in medicinal chemistry, organic medicinals, pharmacological therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, molecular biology, structural chemistry, enzymes, nucleic acids, economic botany, ethnobotany, bioprospecting, bioassay, compound identification and isolation, mass spectrometry, and analytical instrumentation and techniques.

51.2006 Clinical and Industrial Drug Development (MS, PhD).   (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific application of pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and industrial management to the development, production, marketing, and distribution of pharmaceutical products. Includes instruction in industrial microbiology, plasmids, expression vectors, protein chemistry, assay and evaluation, drug synthesis and purification, quality control, industrial management, production security, patent procedures, intellectual property regulations and issues, patent enforcement and defense, and research design and testing.

51.2007 Pharmacoeconomics/Pharmaceutical Economics (MS, PhD).   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of economics and policy analysis to the study of the relationship of pharmacy services and pharmaceutical processes and products to the health care system and their impact on health care organizations. Includes instruction in health economics, pharmacoeconimics, health care systems, health care organization and management, statistics and biostatistics, outcomes research, health care policy, pharmacy services, and pharmaceutical industry operations.

51.2008 Clinical, Hospital, and Managed Care Pharmacy (MS, PhD).   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to deliver specialized pharmacy services and produce pharmaceutical products in clinical settings in conjunction with other health care professionals. Includes instruction in biostatistics; clinical pharmacokinetics; biopharmaceutics; neuropharmacology; pharmacodynamics; drug metabolism; clinical sampling and research design; drug delivery systems; chemotherapy; pharmacotherapy; clinical pharmacy management; medical and research ethics; and applications to nuclear, nutrition support, oncology, psychiatric, and therapeutic pharmacy.

51.2009 Industrial and Physical Pharmacy and Cosmetic Sciences (MS, PhD).   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of pharmaceutical sciences and pharmacy to the study of pharmaceuticals production and distribution, and prepares individuals to manage pharmaceutical industry operations. Includes instruction in pharmaceconomics, industrial management, operations management, preformulation evaluation, product formulation/reformulation, drug product development, stability testing, dosage design, pilot scale-up, drug marketing, quality control, drug information, and legal and regulatory affairs.

51.2208 Community Health and Preventive Medicine.   (NEW) A program that prepares public health specialists to plan and manage health services in local community settings, including the coordination of related support services, government agencies, and private resources. Includes instruction in public health, community health services and delivery, health behavior and cultural factors, local government operations, human services, health communication and promotion, health services administration in local settings, environmental health, preventive and comparative medicine, epidemiology, biostatistcs, family and community health, and applicable law and regulations.

51.2209 Maternal and Child Health.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of public health specializations, public policy studies, and the social and behavioral sciences to issues of health affecting women, children, and families; and prepares individuals to function as maternal and child health specialists. Includes instruction in research design and testing, program evaluation, public policy analysis, public finance, economics of health care, community health, family development and dynamics, women's studies, social psychology, fetal and child development, biostatistics, health education and promotion, nutrition, neonatal development, psychology, and social services delivery.

51.2210 International Public Health/International Health.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of public health specializations, the social and behavioral sciences, and policy and communications methods to the study of health problems in low- and middle-income countries and regions, and prepares individuals to function as professional international health specialists. Includes instruction in health education and promotion, research design and evaluation, infectious disease epidemiology, international health policy and management, public nutrition and food security, information systems, program evaluation, medical anthropology, international communication, behavioral sciences, maternal and child health, demography and population policy, and health care finance and economics.

51.2211 Health Services Administration.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of policy analysis, public administration, business management, and communications to the planning and management of health services delivery systems in the public and private sectors, and prepares individuals to function as health services administrators and managers. Includes instruction in health systems planning, public health organization and management, pubic health policy formulation and analysis, finance, business and operations management, economics of health care, organizational and health communications, marketing, human resources management, and public health law and regulations.

51.2311 Kinesiotherapy/Kinesiotherapist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the direction of physicians, to treat the effects of disease, injury, and congenital disorders through therapeutic exercise and education. Includes instruction in human anatomy, human physiology, kinesiology, biomechanics, therapeutic exercise and adapted physical education, human growth and development, motor learning and performance, testing and measurement, first aid and cardiopulmonary resucitation, psychology, rehabilitation procedures, patient assessment and management, and professional standards and ethics.

51.2312 Assistive/Augmentative Technology and Rehabiliation Engineering.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply the principles of psychology, engineering, and occupational therapy to the design and implementation of technological interventions and systems to promote patient rehabilitation and function. Includes instruction in ergonomics, seating and mobility design, universal and near environment systems design, rehabilitation research, rehabilitation biomechanics, access and communications design, microprocessor-based technologies, neurological trauma, standards and testing, and service delivery management.

51.2502 Veterinary Anatomy (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the structure of small and large animal cellular, organ, tissue, and body systems and their relation to physiologic function, disease, and therapeutic treatment. Includes instruction in histology, ultrastructure, molecular biology, biochemistry, developmental biology, neuroscience, electrophysiology, electron microscopy, computer imaging, and applications to specific species.

51.2503 Veterinary Physiology (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the functional dynamics of animal biological systems and their relationship to the diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury. Includes instruction in mammalian and non-mammalian physiology, laboratory physiology, physiological responses to the environment, endocrinology, animal biotechnology, mechanisms of hormone action, organ systems, metabolism, and pathophysiology.

51.2504 Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the microbial causation and immunologic processes related to animal disease, prevention, and treatment. Includes instruction in bacteriology, mycology, virology, immune response mechanisms, humoral and cell function, cancer defenses, immune system dysfunction, immunologic diseases, parasitology, pathogenesis, and disease vectors.

51.2505 Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the development and process of disease in domestic and wild animals and applications to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Includes instruction in pathogenesis, immunoparasitology, viral therapy, inherited metabolic diseases, environmental toxicology, anatomical and clinical pathology, necropsy and biopsy techniques, clinical laboratory analysis, pathological interpretation, and disease diagnosis.

51.2506 Veterinary Toxicology and Pharmacology (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of specific environmental and food hazards affecting domestic and wild animals and the development and action of chemical antidotes and treatments. Includes instruction in small and large animal toxicology and pharmacology, neurotoxicology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, neuropharmacology, xenobiotics, drug resistance, pesticides, toxicological pathology, genetic and molecular toxicology, environmental toxicology, drug and toxicant analysis and evaluation, and environmental radiology.

51.2507 Large Animal/Food Animal and Equine Surgery and Medicine (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the internal medicine and invasive and noninvasive treatment of herd, work, sport, and food animals. Includes instruction in equine medicine, swine and dairy medicine, food animal medicine, pathophysiology, large animal diseases, large animal anesthesiology and surgical procedures, preoperative and postoperative care, and specific medical specialties such as dentistry, ophthalmology, oncology, obstetrics/theriogenology, and orthopedics.

51.2508 Small/Companion Animal Surgery and Medicine (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of the internal medicine and invasive and noninvasive treatment of companion and household animals. Includes instruction in avian medicine, pet care, companion animal medicine, pathophysiology, small animal diseases, small animal anesthesiology and surgical procedures, preoperative and postoperative care, and specific medical specialties such as dentistry, ophthalmology, oncology, obstetrics/theriogenology, and othopedics.

51.2509 Comparative and Laboratory Animal Medicine (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of animal models of human disease and related experimental procedures, and prepares veterinarians and animal health specialists to manage the laboratory use and care of experimental animals. Includes instruction in laboratory animal husbandry, laboratory animal disease, biohazard control, gnotobiology, breeding, comparative anatomy and physiology, comparative gene mapping, protein function, physical and mathematical modeling, computer modeling, stem cell technology, colony and genetic stock management, cryopreservation, applicable regulations, and bioethics.

51.2510 Veterinary Preventive Medicine Epidemiology, and Public Health (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the study of the prevention and control of communicable animal diseases, diseases affecting humans, and prepares veterinarians to function as public health specialists. Includes instruction in animal epidemiology, biostatistics, food safety and quality assurance, food toxicology, zoonotic and infectious diseases, disease vectors and transference, production medicine, animal health, veterinary public health practice, and inspection and evaluation methods.

51.2511 Veterinary Infectious Diseases (Cert.   , MS, PhD). (NEW) A program that focuses on the scientific study of zoonotic infectious diseases, disease mechanisms, and prevention and treatment strategies. Includes instruction in disease pathogenesis, vector biology, mycobacterial infection, blood parasites, retroviruses, food-borne diseases, new infectious agents, ecotoxicology, mechanisms of disease transfer, antibody resistance, comparative pathology, communicable diseases, and disease prevention and eradication.

51.2599 Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Other (Cert.   , MS. PhD). (NEW) Any instructional program in veterinary biomedical and clinical sciences not listed above.

51.2603 Medication Aide.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to administer prescribed medications; observe and report patient reactions and side effects; and perform related emergency and recording duties under the supervision of nurses and/or physicians. Includes instruction in basic anatomy and physiology, common medications and their effects, taking vital signs, oxygen administration, medication administration and application, record-keeping, and patient observation.

51.2699 Health Aides/Attendants/Orderlies, Other.   (NEW) Any other instructional program that prepares individuals to provide routine patient care and assistance.

51.2706 Medical Informatics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of computer science and software engineering to medical research and clinical information technology support, and the development of advanced imaging, database, and decision systems. Includes instruction in computer science, health information systems architecture, medical knowledge structures, medical language and image processing, quantitative medical decision modeling, imaging techniques, electronic medical records, medical research systems, clinical decision support, and informatics aspects of specific research and practice problems.

51.2799 Medical Illustration and Informatics, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in medical illustration and informatics not listed above.

51.31 Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 51.3101- 51.3199.

51.3102 Clinical Nutrition/Nutritionist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply the principles of dietetics and the biomedical and nutrition sciences to design and manage effective nutrition programs as part of clinical treatment and therapy programs, and to manage health care facility food services. Includes instruction in human nutrition, nutrient metabolism, the role of foods and nutrition in health promotion and disease prevention, nutrition as a treatment regime, planning and directing hospital food service programs, diet and nutrition analysis and planning, supervision of food storage and preparation, special diets, client education, and professional standards and regulations.

51.3103 Dietetic Technician (DTR).   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, under the supervision of registered dietitians and nutritionists, to implement nutritional and dietetic plans and provide direct client and patient services. Includes instruction in human nutrition, client interviewing and record keeping, dietary planning, food preparation and safety, food worker supervision, food service establishment monitoring and inspection, and applicable procedures and regulations.

51.3199 Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in dietetics and clinical nutrition services not listed above.

51.32 Bioethics/Medical Ethics.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 51.3201.

51.3201 Bioethics/Medical Ethics.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the application of ethics, religion, jurisprudence, and the social sciences to the analysis of health care issues, clinical decisionmaking, and research procedures. Includes instruction in philosophical ethics, moral value, medical sociology, theology, spirituality and health, policy analysis, decision theory, and applications to problems such as death and dying, therapeutic relationships, organ transplantation, human and animal subjects, reproduction and fertility, health care justice, cultural sensitivity, needs assessment, professionalism, conflict of interest, chaplaincy, and clinical or emergency procedures.

51.33 Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 51.3301- 51.3399.

51.3301 Acupuncture.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals for the independent professional practice of acupuncture, a Chinese system of healing based on the use of pulse diagnosis, acupuncture point selection, and needle insertion to treat imbalances in the state of bodily health or Qi. Includes instruction in basic Western medical sciences, Chinese medical anatomy and physiology, diagnostic techniques, patient observation and communication, acupuncture points and point selection, auricular and scalp acupuncture, moxibustion, acupuncture technique, acupuncture of extremities, pain management, practice management, and professional standards and ethics.

51.3302 Traditional Chinese/Asian Medicine and Chinese Herbology.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals for the independent professional practice of Chinese herbal medicine, a system based on the use of nutrition, natural products, and prescribed medical formulae to treat imbalances in the state of bodily health as defined in the Nei Ching Su Wen and other authorities. Includes instruction in the basic Western medical sciences, history and theory of Chinese medicine, Chinese medical anatomy and physiology, Chinese herbology, herbal prescription preparation, herbal patent medicine, herbal pharmacology, Chinese internal medicine and gynecology, febrile diseases, food therapy, practice management, and professional standards and ethics.

51.3304 Homeopathic Medicine/Homeopathy.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals for the independent professional practice of homeopathic medicine, an holistic therapeutic system using naturally occurring substances in highly diluted forms to mimic symptoms of illness and trigger autoimmune responses, based on the law of similars and other principles derived from the work of Samuel Hahnemann and others. Includes instruction in anatomy, physiology, pathology, toxicology, philosophy and theory of homeopathy, casetaking and case analysis, repertory, materia medica, constitutional typing, proving, practice management, and professional standards and ethics.

51.3305 Ayurvedic Medicine/Ayurveda.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals for the independent professional practice of Ayurveda, a holistic health care system based on the use of dietary, lifestyle, spiritual, pharmacological and physical therapies to remove imbalances and restore health as defined in Vedic and other classical Sanskrit authorities in the Indian tradition. Includes instruction in Sanskrit; history, philosophy, and principles of Ayurveda; Ayurvedic pharmacology; anatomy and physiology; internal medicine; herbology; diagnostic techniques; patient examination and communication; therapeutic modalities; detoxification theory and practice; mind and body behavior modification; Yoga; clinical pediatrics and gynecology; diet therapies; treatment of specific diseases; and professional standards and ethics.

51.3399 Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in alternative and complementary medicine and medical systems not listed above.

51.34 Alternative and Complementary Medical Support Services.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 51.3401- 51.3499.

51.3401 Direct Entry Midwifery (LM, CPM).   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide pre-natal, natural birth, and immediate postpartum care to pregnant women in jurisdictions licensing direct (non-nursing) training for midwives. Includes instruction in basic obstetrics, women's health, fetal development, childbirth education, maternal nutrition and health, labor support, natural childbirth, postpartum support, prebirth counseling and risk screening, management of obstetric emergencies, patient referral, applicable regulations, and professional standards and ethics.

51.3499 Alternative and Complementary Medical Support Services, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in alternative and complementary medical support services not listed above.

51.35 Somatic Bodywork and Related Therapeutic Services.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 51.3501 - 51.3599.

51.3502 Asian Bodywork Therapy.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide relief and improved health and well-being based on Chinese medical principles through one or more of the traditional bodywork therapies of Asia. Includes instruction in acupressure, AMMA(r) Therapy, Chi Nei Tsang, Five Element Shiatsu, Integrative Eclectic Shiatsu, Japanese Shiatsu, Jin Shin Do(r) Bodymind Acupressure(tm), Macrobiotic Shiatsu, Anma Therapy, Thai massage, Tui na, Zen Shiatsu, Qigong, Okazaki(r) Restorative Massage, principles of Western and Chinese medicine, patient counseling and observation, practice management, applicable regulations, and professional standards and ethics.

51.3503 Somatic Bodywork.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals topromote physical and emotional balance and well-being through the application of skilled touch principles and techniques. Includes instruction in therapeutic massage and other hands-on touch methods; anatomy and physiology; structural/functional integration and various holistic health systems (Rolfing/Structural Integration, colon hydrotherapy, Breema, Hellerwork, lymphatic drainage, Rosen Method, hydrotherapy, and others); client counseling, practice management, and applicable regulations and professional standards.

51.3599 Somatic Bodywork and Related Therapeutic Services, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in somatic bodywork and related therapeutic services not listed above.

51.36 Movement and Mind-Body Therapies and Education.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 51.3601 - 51.3699.

51.3602 Yoga Teacher Training/Yoga Therapy.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to function as professional instructors in the spiritual and physical therapy of Yoga in private, institutional, and clinical settings, Includes instruction in the principles of Ayurveda, philosophy of Yoga, warm-up and progressive exercises, breathing exercises, meditation, Yamas and Niyamas, instructional techniques, posture adjustment, student/client counseling and assessment, advanced Yoga disciplines and styles, business practices, and professional standards and ethics.

51.3699 Movement and Mind-Body Therapies and Education, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in movement and mind-body therapies not listed above.

51.37 Energy and Biologically Based Therapies.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 51.3701 - 51.3799.

51.3701 Aromatherapy.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide therapeutic care through the preparation and application of extracted essential oils from plants, including flowers (botanicals), roots, berries, and bark. Includes instruction in aromatherapy history and theory, basic physiology of absorption, aromachemistry, organic chemistry, botanical taxonomy, carrier oils, essential oils, extraction methods, blending techniques, application methods, safety, client consultation and treatment planning, business management, professional standards and ethics, and applicable regulations.

51.3702 Herbalism/Herbalist.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to utilize the materia medica and clinical practices of Western, Native American, African, Australasian, and other herbal medicine traditions to prevent and cure illness and temporary physical disorders. Includes instruction in basic anatomy, physiology, pathology, and toxicology; nutrition; terminology and materia medica; therapeutic herbalism; herbal pharmacy; botanicals and ethnobotany; wildcrafting and harvesting; labeling and dispensing phytotherapy; counterindications; practice management; consultation skills; and professional standards and ethics.

51.3703 Polarity Therapy.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to promote health and well-being through application of the integrative therapeutic system based on the Human Energy Field theory developed by Randolph Stone. Includes instruction in polarity theory and principles, energy-based and orthodox anatomy and physiology, polarity processing, polarity bodywork, polarity yoga, energetic nutrition, energetic evaluation and assessment, client communication, practice management, and professional standards and ethics.

51.3704 Reiki.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to promote physical, emotional, and spiritual balance and healing through the manipulation of the body's energy field to increase healing energy. Includes instruction in the history and philosophy of Usui Reiki, attunement, empowerment, self-treatment, direct and distance healing techniques, healing symbols, aura clearing, Reiki meditation, practice management, and related Reiki systems such as Lightarian, Urevia, and Magnified Healing.

51.3799 Energy and Biologically Based Therapies, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in alternative, complementary, and somatic health and therapeutic services not listed above (bioenergetics, cranio-sacral therapy, Therapeutic Touch, Qi Gong, and others).

52.0207 Customer Service Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to supervise and monitor customer service performance and manage frontline customer support services, call centers/help desks, and customer relations. Includes instruction in customer behavior; specialized information technology and systems management; developing and using customer service databases; user surveys and other feedback mechanisms; strategic and performance planning and analysis; operations management; personnel supervision; and communications and marketing skills.

52.0208 E-Commerce/Electronic Commerce.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to plan, manage, supervise, and market electronic business operations, products, and services provided online via the Internet. Includes instruction in business administration, information technology, information resources management, web design, computer and Internet law and policy, computer privacy and security, e-trading, insurance, electronic marketing, investment capital planning, enterprise operations, personnel supervision, contracting, and product and service networking.

52.0209 Transportation/Transportation Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to plan, administer, and coordinate physical transportation operations, networks, and systems. Includes instruction in transportation systems and technologies; traffic logistics and engineering; multi- and intermodal transportation systems; regional integration; facilities design and construction; transportation planning and finance; demand analysis and forecasting; carrier management; behavioral issues; transportation policy and law; intelligent systems; and applications to aviation, maritime, rail, and highway facilities and systems.

52.0303 Auditing.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals, including certified accountants, to perform independent internal and external appraisals to evaluate organizational financial and operational activities, ensure compliance with laws and policies, safeguard assets, and promote effective planning and resource allocation. Includes instruction in advanced accounting, audit tools and techniques, sampling, risk and control, audit planning, audit function management, law and regulations, environmental auditing, information technology applications, professional standards and ethics, and specific industry and service sector problems.

52.0304 Accounting and Finance.   (NEW) An integrated or combined program in accounting and finance that prepares individuals to function as accountants and financial managers or analysts.

52.0305 Accounting and Business/Management.   (NEW) An integrated or combined program in accounting and business administration/management that prepares individuals to function as accountants and business managers.

52.0409 Parts, Warehousing, and Inventory Management Operations.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide administrative, technical, and managerial support in the operation of warehouses, control of inventory, parts identification, and the performance of counter services for customers. Includes instruction in record-keeping, equipment operation, database entry, supply logistics, shop operations and math, and customer and supplier relations.

52.0410 Traffic, Customs, and Transportation Clerk/Technician.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform duties associated with managing revenue-based transportation services, such as toll roads and waterways, and to assist in the dispatch and control of fleet-based traffic for businesses and public services. Includes instruction in such subjects as record-keeping; operation of communications equipment; basic transportation operations management; revenue collection and change-making; and applicable laws, policies, and procedures.

52.0411 Customer Service Support/Call Center/Teleservice Operation.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to assist customers with inquiries and problems in frontline call centers, help desks, teleservice centers, and online. Includes instruction in user interfaces and user behavior; principles of hardware and software systems operation; customer interaction skills; telephone and e-mailing skills; data entry; and database and Internet searching and retrieval.

52.0703 Small Business Administration/Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to develop and manage independent small businesses. Includes instruction in business administration; enterprise planning and entrepreneurship; start-up; small business operations and problems; personnel supervision; capitalization and investment; taxation; business law and regulations; e-commerce; home business operations; and applications to specific sectors, products, and services.

52.0809 Credit Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform and/or manage operations concerning personal and corporate credit, collateral, loan processing, and related financial agency communications. Includes instruction in general finance and banking principles, insurance, real estate, taxation, business law and regulations, quantitative methods, financial computer systems applications, database management, communications skills, business and office management, and professional standards and ethics.

52.0904 Hotel/Motel Administration/Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to manage operations and facilities that provide lodging services to the traveling public. Includes instruction in hospitality industry principles; supplies purchasing, storage and control; hotel facilities design and planning; hospitality industry law; personnel management and labor relations; financial management; marketing and sales promotion; convention and event management; front desk operations; and applications to specific types of hotels and motel operations.

52.0905 Restaurant/Food Services Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to plan, manage, and market restaurants, food services in hospitality establishments, food service chains and franchise networks, and restaurant supply operations. Includes instruction in hospitality administration, food services management, wholesale logistics and distribution, franchise operations, business networking, personnel management, culinary arts, business planning and capitalization, food industry operations, marketing and retailing, business law and regulations, finance, and professional standards and ethics.

52.0906 Resort Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to plan, manage, and market comprehensive vacation facilities and services and related products. Includes instruction in hospitality administration, hotel/motel management, restaurant and food services management, facilities planning, leisure studies, recreation administration, marketing, recreation equipment and grounds operations and maintenance, business finance, insurance and taxation, event management and guest services, personnel management, travel and logistics management, safety and health services, professional standards and ethics, and applications to specific vacation types and locations.

52.1004 Labor Studies.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the study of various aspects of work, labor organization and policy, and labor movements from the perspective of the social sciences and history. Includes instruction in labor history; political and ideological issues; worker movements and social organizations; civil rights; labor law and policy studies; labor economics; international and comparative labor studies; and applications to specific industries, groups, locations, and time periods.

52.1005 Human Resources Development.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply integrated training, organizational development, and career planning and counseling skills to the design, management, and evaluation of programs to improve individual productivity, employability, and job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. Includes instruction in psychology; organizational behavior; principles of adult education; occupational counseling; skill testing and evaluation; program design; consulting practice; organizational development; and applications to issues such as training, management development, customer service, and total quality management.

52.1206 Information Resources Management/CIO Training.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to apply principles of information technology, computer systems management, and business operations to the planning, management, and evaluation of information services in organizations. Includes instruction in telecommunications, systems planning and integration, information policy, information security, contracting and purchasing, budgeting, information technology, operations management, human resources, communications skills, and applicable law and regulations.

52.1207 Knowledge Management.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the study of knowledge management in government agencies and corporations for the purpose of supporting stated organizational goals and objectives, and prepares individuals to function as information resource managers. Includes instruction in information technology, principles of computer and information systems, management information systems, applicable policy and regulations, and operations and personnel management.

52.17 Insurance.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 52.1701.

52.18 General Sales, Merchandising and Related Marketing Operations.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 52.1801- 52.1899.

52.19 Specialized Sales, Merchandising and Marketing Operations.   (NEW) Instructional content for this group of programs is defined in codes 52.1901 - 52.1999.

52.1905 Tourism and Travel Services Marketing Operations.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide direct retail services to hotel and motel clients and customers in a variety of settings. Includes instruction in the principles of hotel/motel operations, customer sales and assistance operations and techniques, telephone operations, and basic office management.

52.1907 Vehicle and Vehicle Parts and Accessories Marketing Operations.   (NEW). A program that prepares individuals to perform operations connected with the distribution and sale of replacement parts and other end-use supplies in the automotive, marine, and aviation industries. Includes instruction in wholesaling and retailing; principles of vehicular technologies; storage and distribution; customer sales and service skills; and principles of consumer research and sales forecasting.

52.1908 Business and Personal/Financial Services Marketing Operations.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform marketing and operational tasks associated with the provision of personal and financial services. Includes instruction in banking, marketing research, advertising, promotional campaign organization, insurance, media relations, and applicable technical and administrative skills

52.1909 Special Products Marketing Operations.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to perform marketing and sales operations connected with the promotion of special products, including floristry, food, and home and office products. Includes instruction in principles of marketing research and advertising, promotional campaign organization, media relations, and applicable technical and administrative skills.

52.1910 Hospitality and Recreation Marketing Operations.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to provide marketing services in the hospitality and leisure fields. Includes instruction in hospitality operations, customer sales and assistance operations and techniques, telephone operations, basic office management, retail sports, recreation equipment, food and beverage .

52.1999 Specialized Merchandising, Sales, and Marketing Operations, Other.   (NEW) Any instructional program in sales, marketing, and distribution operations not listed above.

52.20 Construction Management.   (NEW) Instructional content is defined in code 52.2001.

52.2001 Construction Management.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to manage, coordinate, and supervise the construction process from concept development through project completion on timely and economic bases. Includes instruction in commercial, residential, mechanical, highway/heavy civil, electrical, environmental, industrial, and specialty construction; facilities management; project planning; budgeting and cost control; logistics and materials management; personnel management and labor relations; site safety; construction contracting; construction processes and techniques; organization and scheduling; and applicable codes and regulations.

54. HISTORY (NEW) Instructional programs that focus on the study and interpretation of past events, institutions, issues, and cultures.  

54.0106 Asian History.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the development of the societies, cultures, and institutions of the Asian Continent from their origins to the present. Includes instruction in the historiography of specific cultures and periods; sources and materials; historical research methods; and applications to the study of specific themes, issues, periods, and institutions.

54.0107 Canadian History.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the study of the society, culture, and institutions of Canada from its origins to the present. Includes instruction in Canadian historiography, sources and materials, historical research methods, and applications to the study of specific themes, issues, periods, and institutions.

60.0265 Adult Reconstructive Orthopedics (Orthopedic Surgery).   (NEW) A residency training program that prepares individuals to undertake the study, prevention, and reconstructive treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, disorders, and sequelae of injuries by medical, physical, and surgical methods. Includes instruction in arthritis and related disorders of the hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, ankle, and foot.

60.0266 Child Neurology.   (NEW) A residency training program that prepares individuals to study, prevent, and manage neurological disorders of children including disorders requiring surgical, medical, and psychiatric management. Includes instruction in neurophysiology; neuropathology; neuroradiology; neuro-ophthalmology; psychiatry; rehabilitation; neurological surgery; pediatric neurodevelopment; and psycho-social support and counseling.

60.0267 Cytopathology.   (NEW) A residency training program that prepares individuals to study, prevent, and manage human diseases manifested in cells. Includes instruction in laboratory procedures; laboratorymanagement; quality assurance; screening; specimen collection; cytopreparation; cytometric and image analysis; and related immunological and molecular techniques.

60.0268 Geriatric Medicine (Internal Medicine).   (NEW) A residency training program that prepares individuals to manage the health care of elderly patients with a variety of medical problems on an in-patient and out-patient basis.Includes instruction in the physiology of aging; geriatric pathophysiology; atypical presentation of illness; functional assessment; cognitive and affective assessment; and concepts of patient treatment and management in different settings. (See also 60.0222)

60.0269 Pediatric Urology.   (NEW) A residency training program that prepares individuals in the study, prevention, and management of congenital, childhood-acquired, and overlapping adolescent anomalies; problems, diseases, tumors, and traumas of the urologic system. Includes instruction in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures; urologic surgery; pediatric urologic disease; urodynamic analysis; nephrologic disease; neonatal and intensive care; neuropathic bladder entities; neurological tumors and trauma; renal genital anomalies; sexual development; and patient counseling and management.

60.0270 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation/Psychiatry.   (NEW) A residency training program that prepares individuals to diagnose, evaluate, and treat patients with limited physical, psychological, social, and vocational functions as a consequence of diseases, injuries, impairments, and/ or disabilities. Includes instruction in pathogenesis of systems disorders; psychiatric examination; therapeutic exercises and physical modalities; prosthetics, orthotics and other durable rehabilitative equipment; gait analysis; diagnostic and therapeutic injections; electrodiagnostic analysis; and rehabilitation management.

60.0271 Orthopedic Surgery of the Spine.   (NEW) A residency training program that prepares individuals for the study, prevention and treatment of spinal column disease, disorders, and injuries by medical, physical and surgical methods. Includes instruction in pathogenesis and diagnosis of clinical disorders of the spine; non-operative treatment modalities; invasive modalities; basic sciences related to the musculoskeletal system; spinal degeneration; spinal neurologic function; pre- and post-operative management; and patient evaluation.

32.0109 Second Language Learning.   (NEW) A program that focuses on the development of proficiency in reading, writing, and speaking a language or languages other than the mother tongue, that are needed to perform day-to-day tasks. Includes instruction in the use of basic communication skills to develop and transmit ideas and thoughts.

33.0105 Canadian Citizenship Education.   (NEW) A program that prepares individuals to take the oath of Canadian citizenship and to exercise the attendant rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

53.0105 Adult High School/Secondary Diploma Program (NEW).   An instructional program that defines the prescribed requirements, specified by a state, province, or other jurisdiction for the completion of, and graduation from a secondary school program of academic subject matter offered fir adult learners outside of the regular secondary school program. This does not include adult compensatory education programs resulting in completion of a high school equivalency certificate or diploma.