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Concepts of democracy, citizenship, and government
- About 90 percent of ninth-grade U.S. students reported that it is good for democracy when
everyone has the right to express opinions freely.
- Approximately 80 percent of U.S. students reported that voting in every election and showing
respect for government leaders were important factors in being good citizens.
- Eighty-nine percent of ninth-grade U.S. students thought that it was important for a good
citizen to participate in activities to help people in the community.
- Ninth-grade U.S. female students were more likely than their male peers to report social
movement-related activities, such as promoting human rights and protecting the environment,
as important.
- U.S. students reported average scores higher than the international mean on the importance
of conventional citizenship scale and the importance of social movement-related scale but
lower than the international mean on the economy-related government responsibilities scale.
- Eighty-four percent of ninth-graders said that the government should be responsible for
keeping prices under control.
- Fifty-nine percent of U.S. ninth-graders said that it was the responsibility of the government
to provide an adequate standard of living for the unemployed.
- Asian and black U.S. ninth-graders were significantly more likely than their white peers to
report that the government should be responsible for economy-related issues.
- Between 87 and 92 percent of U.S. ninth-graders said that the government should be responsible for ensuring equal political opportunities for men and women, providing free
basic education and health care for all, guaranteeing peace and order within the country, and
providing an adequate standard of living for old people (figure 5).
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